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851.
Assessment of patch quality by ladybirds: relative response to conspecific and heterospecific larval tracks a consequence of habitat similarity? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Alexandra Magro Joseph N. Téné Nicolas Bastin Anthony F. G. Dixon Jean-Louis Hemptinne 《Chemoecology》2007,17(1):37-45
Summary. Aphid colonies can reach high levels of abundance but last for short periods of time. The larvae of aphidophagous ladybirds
(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) that feed on these colonies might therefore suffer from starvation, which favours the occurrence
of cannibalism and intraguild predation. Thus, the assessment of patch quality becomes crucial and it has been shown that
female ladybirds refrain from laying eggs in the presence of an oviposition deterring semiochemical deposited by their larvae.
Adalia bipunctata (L.), Adalia decempunctata (L.) and Coccinella septempunctata L. are 3 sympatric species of ladybirds, which can co-occur in aphid colonies. As a consequence, their eggs and larvae are
under threat, not only from cannibalism but also intraguild predation. Females should, therefore, also use the tracks deposited
by heterospecific larvae to assess the quality of aphid colonies as oviposition sites. The expectation is that: 1- the strength
of the reaction to each other’s larval tracks should be correlated with percentage habitat overlap and that 2- the reaction
to conspecific larval tracks should be stronger than to heterospecific tracks. In order to test these hypotheses, females’
oviposition behaviour was analysed and a chemical analysis of the tracks of their larvae undertaken.
The results show that oviposition behaviour is not related to habitat overlap. Both species of Adalia react to tracks of their own larvae and those of C. septempunctata, but A. decempunctata reacted more strongly than A. bipunctata. C. septempunctata reacted very slightly to its own tracks but not to those of either species of Adalia.
The larval tracks are mainly composed of alkanes. Those of the two species of Adalia are qualitatively 100% similar and 60% so when the quantitative results are compared. They are, however, only 24–29% similar
to those of Coccinella septempunctata. 相似文献
852.
京杭运河徐州段底栖动物与水质的关系 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本研究利用生物监测方法,探明了京杭运河徐州段大型底栖无脊椎动物的生物种群及其分布。运用污染生物指数(Goodnight)和生物多样性指数(Shannon)统计表达,对京杭运河徐州段进行生物综合评价,同时,指出了该水体污染,将给徐州的两个地面饮用水厂及国家南水北调工程带来威胁和危险。通过生物指标与理化指标对比,综合分析研究,冲破了理化指标的限制,说明生物指标对水体污染的评价更全面、可靠而直观。 相似文献
853.
Jesús Martínez-Padilla 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2006,60(4):510-515
Theoretical models of parental care predict differential allocation in relation to the expected fitness of the offspring. As birds must allocate all the resources required for embryonic development in self-contained packages, maternal egg allocation takes a central role in avian life histories. It is predicted that mothers can influence offspring performance by varying the size or composition of their eggs. In this context, T cell-mediated immune response has been revealed as a valuable tool to evaluate fledgling fitness. However, little is known about its relationships to egg mass. I describe a negative association between egg mass and cellular immune response in Eurasian kestrel nestlings (Falco tinnunculus) throughout 3 years. To explore how environmental conditions could mediate this relationship, I experimentally supplied food to females before egg formation in the third study year. I found that this relationship turned to positive in food-supplied females without any effect on egg size. This result shows that environmental conditions before egg formation mediate the relationship between egg mass and future immune response of the nestlings. I suggest that females may be constrained in improving the future immune response of their offspring due to resource allocation trade-offs determined by their pre-laying condition. 相似文献
854.
An ingestion-based prey selectivity function (IS) is described specifically to aid the simulation of zooplankton activity in circumstances in which selectivity varies, for example, as functions of prey palatability or abundance. In IS, the ultimate control of the rate of predation is not the external concentration of prey but the total rate of prey capture relative to predator demand. Further, “preference” is not an input (as it is for most prey selection functions) so that the selection or deselection of any or all prey can be freely altered. Hence, if required, all prey could be deselected, or the impact of inert materials or turbulence adversely affecting capture rates of any or all prey can be considered. Capture kinetics are not fixed at a common value for all items. In its basic form IS contains no more variables than other selectivity functions. The construction and use of switches to vary grazing in response to changes in abundance of alternative prey types or in prey nutritional (stoichiometric) quality is demonstrated. The advantages of using IS instead of the widely used ratio-based selectivity function is demonstrated with reference to model fits to experimental datasets for microzooplankton activity. 相似文献
855.
袁助人 《城市环境与城市生态》1996,9(3):42-47
辽宁中部城市群是由以沈阳为中心,包括沈阳,鞍山、抚顺、本溪、辽阳、铁岭六个市。本文分三部分,辽宁中部城市不境质量现状基本概况,辽宁中部城市九环境保护治理,辽宁中部城市群环境保护政策措施。 相似文献
856.
酸化—吹气—吸收法测定水及废水中的硫化物 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文设计了硫化物测定的酸化-吹气-吸收装置,验证了装置对硫化的回收效果,对硫化物标准溶液的配制及其稳定性进行了研究,对分析条件进行了最佳选择,建立了亚甲基监光度法测定硫化物的分析方法,并对实际样品进行了测定。本方法的检出限为0.005mgS^2-/l,线性范围为0.005-0.700mgS^2-/l,可应用于水和废水样品中微量硫化物的测定。 相似文献
857.
糯小麦回交改良群体中Wx基因的遗传和品质效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在基因型鉴定的基础上,利用糯小麦杂交后代BC5F2代回交改良群体研究了各基因缺失对降低直链淀粉含量的效果和各基因合成直链淀粉的能力,以及直链淀粉含量与农艺性状、品质性状、淀粉糊化特性等的相关性。研究发现,在Wx基因的所有8种基因型之间,直链淀粉含量差异显著;研究单缺失基因型发现,对直链淀粉含量减少效应最大的是Wx-B1b,减少效应最小的是Wx-A1b,而Wx-B1b和Wx-D1b没有显著差异;研究双缺失基因型发现,Wx基因合成直链淀粉的能力以Wx-B1a最高,Wx-A1a最低,而Wx-B1a和Wx-D1a差异很小.直链淀粉含量与株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重等农艺性状相关不显著,表明淀粉品质育种可以与高产育种实现有机结合.直链淀粉含量与SDS-沉降值呈显著负相关(r=-0.726),说明直链淀粉含量降低在一定程度上有利于提高小麦营养与加工品质.全糯类型的淀粉糊化特性与其他类型显著不同,具有最高的峰值粘度和稀懈值,最低的低谷粘度、最终粘度、反弹值、峰值时间、糊化温度、起始糊化温度,表明糯小麦淀粉在食品和工业上具有特殊用途;稀懈值与直链淀粉含量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.969),其它粘度参数与直链淀粉含量呈显著正相关(最终粘度r=0.797,低谷粘度r=0.910、反弹值r=0.954、峰值时间r=0.970、糊化温度r=0.962、起始糊化温度r=0.932).表5参37 相似文献
858.
When Good Animals Love Bad Habitats: Ecological Traps and the Conservation of Animal Populations 总被引:15,自引:2,他引:15
JAMES BATTIN† 《Conservation biology》2004,18(6):1482-1491
859.
贺志民 《湖南环境生物职业技术学院学报》2003,9(2):125-128
要实现培养创造力人才的目标,教育信息化是最有效途径之一,教育信息化要从资源(包括多媒体辅助教学资源)库整合、资源管理信息化(ERM)等多方面着手,并使它们协调运行才能有效推进教育信息化进程.整合MCAI资源库,建立资源管理信息化系统的实现流程,共建共享资源,快速推进教育信息化进程. 相似文献
860.
建立适合我国国情的饮用水水质指数 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
目前一般利用各指标合格率评价饮用水水质,由于指标繁杂,不利于消费者了解水质整体概况,也不利于对外发布公报。本文建议采用水质指数法来对饮用水水质进行综合评价。本文介绍了目前采用的水质指数的不同评价方法,综述了不同的水质指数的原理和计算方法,根据我国国情,对我国城市供水的饮用水水质指数进行了修正,首次在水质指数中增加了超标项目“惩罚项”。修正后的饮用水水质指数具有很强的科学性和可操作性,可以从整体上对饮用水水质进行综合评价。 相似文献