碱性过硫酸钾法测定总氮中影响因素及解决方法

总氮是水体中氨氮、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮等无机氮和有机氮的总和,是反映水体所受污染程度和富营养化程度的重要指标之一。在碱性过硫酸钾-紫外分光光度法测定水中总氮时,该方法操作步骤简单,易于操作和掌握,但在实际操作中影响因素较多,其准确度难以掌握。本文通过对总氮测定中试剂的纯度、配制的方法及水浴温度、储存时间、消解的温度、压力和时间等因素的总结、探讨和分析,确定适合的测定条件,提高测定结果的准确度和精密度。     

高级氧化工艺降解水中磺胺甲基嘧啶研究

为有效去除水体污染物磺胺类抗生素(Sulfonamides antibiotics,SAs),采用高级氧化紫外/双氧水(UV/H_2O_2)和紫外/过硫酸盐(UV/PS)工艺降解磺胺甲基嘧啶(sulfamerazine,SM1)。研究表明,紫外与氧化剂(H_2O_2,PS)联用可显著提高去除率,其反应符合拟一级动力学模型。磺胺甲基嘧啶的去除率在一定范围随着氧化剂H_2O_2和PS的浓度升高而升高;磺胺甲基嘧啶初始质量浓度越大,反应速率越小。两种工艺降解磺胺甲基嘧啶最大去除率均发生在pH=3。NaCl会抑制两种工艺对目标污染物的降解,而适当的NaHCO_3可促进其降解反应的进行。腐植酸的存在对两种工艺降解污染物均会产生抑制作用。     

Degradation of carbon tetrachloride in thermally activated persulfate system in the presence of formic acid

The thermally activated persulfate (PS) degradation of carbon tetrachloride (CT) in the presence of formic acid (FA) was investigated. The results indicated that CT degradation followed a zero order kinetic model, and CO ₂ ^– · was responsible for the degradation of CT confirmed by radical scavenger tests. CT degradation rate increased with increasing PS or FA dosage, and the initial CT had no effect on CT degradation rate. However, the initial solution pH had effect on the degradation of CT, and the best CT degradation occurred at initial pH 6. Cl^– had a negative effect on CT degradation, and high concentration of Cl^– displayed much strong inhibition. Ten mmol·L^–1HCO ₃ ^– promoted CT degradation, while 100 mmol·L^–1NO ₃ ^– inhibited the degradation of CT, but SO ₄ ^2– promoted CT degradation in the presence of FA. The measured Cl–concentration released into solution along with CT degradation was 75.8% of the total theoretical dechlorination yield, but no chlorinated intermediates were detected. The split of C-Cl was proposed as the possible reaction pathways in CT degradation. In conclusion, this study strongly demonstrated that the thermally activated PS system in the presence of FA is a promising technique in in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) remediation for CT contaminated site.     

Oxidative treatment of aqueous monochlorobenzene with thermally-activated persulfate

The oxidation of aqueous monochlorobenzene （MCB） solutions using thermally- activated persulfate has been investigated. The influence of reaction temperature on the kinetics of MCB oxidation was examined, and the Arrenhius Equation rate constants at 20℃, 30℃, 40℃, 50℃, and 60℃ for MCB oxidation performance were calculated as 0, 0.001, 0.002, 0.015, 0.057 min-1, which indicates that elevated temperature accelerated the rate. The most efficient molar ratio ofpersulfate/MCB for MCB oxidation was determined to be 200 to 1 and an increase in the rate constants suggests that the oxidation process proceeded more rapidly with increasing persulfate/MCB molar ratios. In addition, the reactivity of persulfate in contaminated water is partly influenced by the presence of background ions such as CI-, HCO3, SO2 , and NO3. Importantly, a scavenging effect in rate constant was observed for both C1 and CO2- but not for other ions. The effective thermally activated persulfate oxidation of MCB in groundwater from a real contaminated site was achieved using both elevated reaction temperature and increased persulfate/MCB molar ratio.     

过硫酸铵含铜废液预处理工艺改造

采用离子交换工艺对过硫酸铵含铜废液预处理原有工艺进行改造,改造后降低了废液预处理成本,减少二次污染,提高铜资源的回收率,达到综合利用的目的,具有很高的环境效益及经济效益。     

Fe-Cu/N共掺杂的ZIFs衍生材料活化过硫酸盐降解四环素

通过水热法制备了一种Fe、Cu双金属和N共掺杂的介孔催化材料FeCu-N-C,对其进行表征分析;开展FeCu-N-C活化过硫酸盐(PS)降解四环素(TC)的研究,考察了 FeCu-N-C投加量、TC浓度、PS浓度、pH和离子强度等因素对降解效果的影响.结果表明:在催化剂投加量为0.4g·L-1,TC初始浓度为40mg·...     

应用铁铜双金属有机骨架活化过硫酸盐催化剂去除水中有机污染物的研究

基于MIL-101(Fe)的合成方法,首次采用合成前金属掺杂法制备了双金属有机骨架MIL-101(Fe,Cu)催化剂,并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)对催化剂进行表征.同时,以罗丹明B(Rh B)为目标降解物,研究此催化剂催化过硫酸盐降解Rh B的性能,并初步尝试将催化剂应用于邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)的催化降解.XRD、FTIR、SEM和EDS等分析结果表明,铜离子的掺杂导致MIL-101(Fe)的结构与形貌发生了改变,提高了对污染物的吸附和催化降解作用.相比MIL-101(Fe),在90 min时MIL-101(Fe,Cu)对Rh B的去除率达到95%,在180 min时对DBP的去除率达到68%.此外,分析了催化剂催化性能提高的原因:配位竞争导致铁离子的不饱和趋向;形貌的变化加强了对污染物的吸附作用.     

铁活化过硫酸盐修复石油烃污染土壤的研究进展

分析了Fe~0、Fe~(2+)和Fe~(3+)活化过硫酸盐氧化石油烃的机理,介绍了土壤中石油烃污染物降解的影响因素以及总结了铁活化过硫酸盐修复石油烃污染土壤技术的不足。指出应以铁活化过硫酸盐原位修复作为土壤中高浓度有机污染物的前处置方法,再结合微生物或植物修复等技术,以减少对土壤理化性质的影响;另外,检测仪器的发展有利于土壤修复技术的应用。     

紫外活化过硫酸盐降解磷酸氯喹

以抗新型冠状肺炎药物——磷酸氯喹（CQP）为研究对象,考察其在紫外活化过硫酸盐体系（UV/PS）中的降解效果.通过竞争动力学实验,确定了CQP与羟基自由基（HO·）和硫酸根自由基（SO₄^-·）的二级反应速率常数,同时考察了PS浓度、pH和常见无机阴离子对UV/PS体系中CQP降解的影响,并通过建立动力学模型预测CQP浓度和主要自由基浓度以探究其影响机制.结果表明,UV/PS体系对CQP的降解效果显著优于单一UV、单一太阳光或单一PS体系,在10 min内可降解91.3%的CQP;在pH为6.9的条件下,CQP与HO·和SO₄^-·的二级反应速率常数分别为8.9×10⁹ L·（mol·s）^-1和1.4×10¹⁰ L·（mol·s）^-1,其中SO₄^-·是主要活性物种;CQP的降解速率随PS浓度增加而增大,HCO₃^-和Cl^-的加入对UV/PS体系中CQP的去除起到抑制作用,碱性较强的条件不利于CQP的转化.经LC-MS分析,发现CQP在UV/PS体系中主要经过N-脱乙基化、C—N键断裂和抽氢等反应被逐步降解为其他有机中间产物.加大PS浓度和pH可提高其矿化率.此研究可为抗新冠肺炎医药废水的处理提供帮助.     

活性炭负载铁催化过硫酸盐降解酸性大红3R

采用浸渍-高温煅烧法制备负载型的Fe/活性炭催化剂,利用电镜扫描(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)对催化剂进行表征.并以酸性大红3R为目标污染物,用此催化剂研究了过硫酸盐在非均相催化体系的氧化性能.考察了Fe负载量、过硫酸钠用量、催化剂用量、初始污染物浓度等因素对酸性大红3R降解的影响,并对催化剂重复使用性能进行测试.结果表明,Fe负载量为6%时,催化降解效果最好;当Na2S2O8浓度为3.0 g·L-1,催化剂用量1.5 g·L-1,降解3 h时,酸性大红3R去除率达80%以上;催化剂可重复使用5次以上.同时还采用紫外可见、气相色谱-质谱分析其降解的历程.