含铬废渣的综合利用

着重介绍了重庆东风化工厂铬渣综合治理的成效。其中包括该厂已成功应用于工业化生产的铬渣作玻璃着色剂，钙镁磷肥助熔剂，炼铁烧结熔剂等利用途径及其还原解毒机理，以及在水泥等建材方面的应用尝试。     

医疗废物焚烧处理核心技术的开发及应用

国内已建成的医疗废物焚烧设施目前普遍存在进料系统不稳定、玻璃结渣和高浓度HCl气体的排放的问题。这些技术难点已成为医疗废物焚烧处置行业发展的瓶颈。本文介绍了可解决上述问题的"可调节医疗废物恒流量进料技术"、"医废焚烧防玻璃结渣技术"和"含高浓度氯化氢医废尾气处理技术"三项医疗废物焚烧处理核心技术的主要特点及技术指标与应用实例。     

Measurement of residues of benomyl and mancozeb pesticides in shrub and nonshrub cucumbers sampled from different regions of Mazandaran province (Iran)

Farmers use mancozeb against cucumber pests, such as Perono spoxa, in large amounts without consideration of potential chronic human health hazards resulting from pesticide accumulation in food and fruits. Considering the necessity of food for humans and importance of fruit in daily diet, as well as the determination of pesticide residues in food and fruits as mandated by WHO and FAO, the residues benomyl and mancozeb, the most prominently used pesticides in Iran, were measured. In this study cucumbers from 76 sample regions were used. Data showed that the amounts of benomyl was related to the type of cucumber in the regions, but there was no significant relationship between the amount of mancozeb and type of cucumber.     

Importance of information on tillage practices in the modelling of environmental processes and in the use of environmental indicators

Tillage has been and will always be integral to crop production. Tillage can result in the degradation of soil, water, and air quality. Of all farm management practices, tillage may have the greatest impact on the environment. A wide variety of tillage equipment, practices and systems are available to farmers, providing opportunities to enhance environmental performance. These opportunities have made tillage a popular focus of environmental policies and programs such as environmental indicators for agriculture. This paper provides a very brief examination of the role of tillage in crop production, its effect on biophysical processes and, therefore, its impact on the environment. Models of biophysical processes are briefly examined to demonstrate the importance of tillage relative to other farm management practices and to demonstrate the detail of tillage data that these models can demand. The focus of this paper is an examination of the use of information on tillage in Canada's agri-environmental indicators initiative, National Agri-environmental Health Analysis and Reporting Program (NAHARP). Information on tillage is required for several of the indicators in NAHARP. The type of data used, its source, and its quality are discussed. Recommendations regarding the collection of tillage data and use of tillage information are presented.     

硫酸锰废渣浸出液对斑马鱼的毒性及抗氧化酶活性的影响

已有研究表明,堆积在湘西花垣河河岸的硫酸锰废渣含有多种重金属,可能是导致花垣河河水和沉积物重金属污染的主要原因.为了评价硫酸锰废渣的潜在生态风险和对水生动物的毒性,本研究分析了硫酸锰废渣浸出液中的主要重金属成分,用漫出液对斑马鱼进行了急性毒性实验,观察在急性胁迫下斑马鱼的体征变化,测定了斑马鱼在亚致死浓度下的生化指标的...     

青岛近海沉积物中多环芳烃、多氯联苯和有机氯农药的含量和分布特征

利用气相色谱/质谱方法对青岛近海表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)、多氯联苯(PCBs)和有机氯农药(OCPs)进行了测定,并分析了PAHs、PCBs和OCPs的分布特征.结果表明,PAHs、PCBs和OCPs的均值分别为684.80、6.87和13.52ng·g-1,含量变化均呈近岸高、远岸低的分布规律.燃料的高温燃烧排放对本研究海域沉积物中PAHs有较大贡献;PCBs主要来源于工业及生活排放,但已受到控制;沉积物中HCHs存在工业和农业双重污染源输入,DDT主要是由于历史上使用农药造成,且在表层沉积物中受到好氧微生物降解.与国内外同类研究结果相比,调查海域沉积物中PAHs、PCBs和OCPs的污染程度及生态风险均处于较低水平.     

木薯渣微生物降解及再利用研究进展

木薯渣因其所含粗纤维经有效降解之后可以变废为宝,节省资源又保护环境而受到国内外学者的广泛关注。对木薯渣再利用方面的研究已经成为近年来一大热点,微生物降解是提高木薯渣利用率的一个有效途径。从木薯渣降解再利用角度出发,综述了木薯渣的用途、降解机理以及温度、pH值、含水量等重要影响因素。阐明了在合适的环境条件下,筛选有效降解微生物是提高木薯渣利用率的关键因素。同时展望了调制复合酶系在降解木薯渣纤维素上的应用,以及改造、合成以及重组降解酶以提高和推广木薯渣纤维素分解的必要性。     

Enantioselectivity in environmental risk assessment of modern chiral pesticides

Chiral pesticides comprise a new and important class of environmental pollutants nowadays. With the development of industry, more and more chiral pesticides will be introduced into the market. But their enantioselective ecotoxicology is not clear. Currently used synthetic pyrethroids, organophosphates, acylanilides, phenoxypropanoic acids and imidazolinones often behave enantioselectively in agriculture use and they always pose unpredictable enantioselective ecological risks on non-target organisms or human. It is necessary to explore the enantioselective toxicology and ecological fate of these chiral pesticides in environmental risk assessment. The enantioselective toxicology and the fate of these currently widely used pesticides have been discussed in this review article.     

煤焦化残渣污染特性与环境风险研究

以某煤焦化企业生产过程产生的焦油渣、煤焦油、硫铵酸焦油、焦粉、剩余污泥5种残渣为研究对象,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析残渣中16种优先控制的多环芳烃（PAHs）浓度和环数分布,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定8种重金属浓度,通过计算残渣的苯并[a]芘（BaP）等效毒性和重金属潜在生态危害指数分析煤焦化残渣的环境风险。结果表明,5种残渣的PAHs总浓度为0.94~238 367 mg/kg,表现为煤焦油>焦油渣>硫铵酸焦油>焦粉>剩余污泥,焦油渣、煤焦油、硫铵酸焦油中高致突变性物质、致癌性物质浓度超过GB 5085.6—2007《危险废物鉴别标准 毒性物质含量鉴别》标准限值;焦油渣、煤焦油、焦粉、剩余污泥中Zn浓度最高,硫铵酸焦油中As浓度最高;5种残渣的BaP等效毒性为0.31~9 586.96 mg/kg,煤焦油、焦油渣、硫铵酸焦油具有更高的致癌风险;Hg是5种残渣中潜在环境风险最大的重金属,5种残渣对土壤均具有很强的潜在生态风险。     

抗生素菌渣MOD技术处理后的肥料化利用潜力

采用中温中压氧化干化(MOD)技术对头孢菌渣、青霉素菌渣进行无害化处理,处理后菌渣(菌渣肥)中抗生素残留低于检出限(1 mg/kg)。经过对菌渣肥调质后,有机物、氮磷钾营养成分、重金属浓度等指标均可满足NY 525—2012《有机肥料》的要求,菌渣肥中7种典型耐药基因均未检出。进一步施肥试验结果表明:菌渣肥按1%和3%施入土壤30 d后,土壤中均未检出抗生素残留;菌渣肥能降低土壤的耐药基因富集程度。