基于QSAR模型预测有机污染物在XAD与空气中的分配系数

基于定量构效关系(QSAR),运用线性(逐步多元回归MLR)和非线性(支持向量机SVM)两种计算方法开发了两种可靠且高效预测聚苯乙烯二乙烯基苯树脂(XAD)和空气之间分配系数(K_XAD-A)的模型.构建模型的数据包含醇类(Alcohols),苯类(Benzenes),多氯联苯(PCBs)和多环芳香烃(PAHs)等,共计70种有机污染物.两个模型的决定系数R²_adj和外部验证系数Q²_ext均在0.930以上,同时所有物质均在定义的应用域内,结果表明两种QSAR模型有较高的拟合度、稳健性和较为优秀的预测能力,且非线性(SVM)模型比线性(MLR)模型的拟合效果更好.     

天津市陆源污染物允许排海量的研究

渤海近岸海域污染已是约环渤海地区社会经济的发展。本文对配合天津市主要污染物总量控制,对天津市陆源主要污染物允许排海量的功能区划原则,水环境主要污染物,总量,主要污染物允许排海量的数学模型,陆源主要污染物允许排海量的计算依据等进行了阐述,同时对主要排污口主要污染物允许排海量及其消减量进行了计算。     

Effects of pH on photochemical decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid in different atmospheres by 185 nm vacuum ultraviolet

Perfluorooctanoic acid （PFOA）, a persistent organic pollutant, receives increasing concerns due to its worldwide occurrence and resistance to most conventional treatment processes. The photochemical decomposition by 185 nm vacuum ultraviolet （VUV） is one of the efficient methods for PFOA decomposition. The effects of pH on PFOA decomposition in nitrogen atmosphere or oxygen atmosphere were investigated. At its original pH （4.5） of PFOA aqueous solution, PFOA decomposed efficiently both in nitrogen and in oxygen atmosphere. However, when the pH increased to 12.0, PFOA decomposition was greatly inhibited in oxygen atmosphere, while it was greatly accelerated in nitrogen atmosphere with a very short half-life time （9 rain）. Furthermore, fluorine atoms originally contained in PFOA molecules were almost completely transformed into fluoride ions. Two decomposi- tion pathways have been proposed to explain the PFOA decomposition under different conditions. In acidic and neutral solutions, PFOA predominantly decomposes via the direct photolysis in both atmospheres; while in the alkaline solution and in the absence of oxygen, the decomposition of PFOA is mainly induced by hydrated electrons.     

国内石化企业过程安全管理对标分析

在参与美国化工过程安全中心(CCPS)过程安全管理对标的基础上,调研国际石化企业过程安全管理标准和实践,编制对标准则,对国内典型石化企业现场信息进行收集及对标,分析国内过程安全管理在工艺危害分析、设施完整性、变更管理、过程安全绩效指标、培训等方面存在的差距。     

浅析环评中重金属第一类污染物源强计算——以电镀企业为例

以电镀企业为例,解读相关标准、规范要求,剖析当前环评工作中重金属第一类污染物排放源强计算存在的问题并探索解决方案。研究发现,由于废水分质分类处理,环评中第一类污染物源强分析节点出现了困难,同时验收监测又常以总排口为节点,导致监测排放量大于环评预测的允许排放量。分析认为,除了有更严格的地方法规,第一类污染物排放源强应以车间或生产设施排放口为监控节点,为克服车间排放口监控位置选取的困难,环评中可根据物料衡算法推算更严格的排放标准,在总排1：7实施实际监控。环评和验收监测的相关计算方法要实现统一,以便环境管理。     

鸭绿江丹东段江水中有机污染物分析

采用MC／GS联用仪,对鸭绿江丹东段江水中有机污染物的种类及组成进行了分析鉴定,进而采用高压液相色谱法对多环芳烃类进行定量测定与评价,并对该江段有毒有机物名录进行了筛选研究,提出了优先监测有机污染物的名录。     

辽宁省14个城市空气质量现状及污染原因分析

对2006—2011年辽宁省14个地级城市的主要空气污染物（可吸入颗粒物、二氧化硫、二氧化氮和一氧化碳）的现状监测值进行分析,结果表明：2006—2010年辽宁省14个城市空气质量可吸入颗粒物、二氧化硫、二氧化氮和一氧化碳4项污染物浓度总体呈下降趋势,2011年比2010年小幅增加。2011年大气污染最严重的季节是冬季,污染最轻的季节是夏季;辽宁省14个城市沿海城市空气质量4项污染物浓度均低于内陆城市。辽宁省的特殊气象、城市化和能源利用不合理等造成近地面污染严重,从而影响全省城市环境空气质量。     

大伙房水库上游重点矿区污染及其潜在生态危害评价

对大伙房水库上游3个重点矿区尾矿渣及周边土壤表层的重金属及氰化物进行了分析,采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对其生态危害程度进行评价。结果表明,铜矿（A）属重度生态危害,金矿（C）、铁矿（B）属低生态危害。     

Effect of current emission abatement strategies on air quality improvement in China: A case study of Baotou, a typical industrial city in Inner Mongolia

The nationalAirPollutionPreventionandControlActionPlanrequiredsignificant decreases inPM2.5 levels overChina.Toexploremoreeffectiveemissionabatement strategies inindustrialcities,acasestudywasconductedinBaotoutoevaluatethecurrent national controlmeasures.ThetotalemissionsofSO2, NOX, PM2.5 and NMVOC (non-methanevolatileorganiccompounds)inBaotouwere211.2Gg,156.1Gg,28.8Gg, and 48.5Gg,respectivelyin2013,andtheywouldexperienceareductionof30.4%,26.6%, 15.1%, and8.7%,respectivelyin2017and39.0%,32.0%,24.4%,and12.9%,respectivelyin 2020. TheSO2, NOX and PM2.5 emissionsfromtheindustrialsectorwouldexperiencea greater decrease,withreductionsof37%,32.7and24.3%,respectively.From2013to2020, the concentrationsofSO2, NO2, andPM2.5 are expectedtodeclinebyapproximately30%, 10% and14.5%,respectively.ThereductionrateofSNA(sulfate,nitrateandammonium) concentrationswassignificantlyhigherthanthatofPM2.5 in 2017,implyingthatthecurrent key strategytowardcontrollingairpollutantsfromtheindustrialsectorismorepowerful for SNA.Althoughairpollutioncontrolmeasuresimplementedintheindustrialsector could greatlyreducetotalemissions,constrainingtheemissionsfromlowersourcessuch as residentialcoalcombustionwouldbemoreeffectiveindecreasingtheconcentrationof PM2.5 from 2017to2020.Theseresultssuggestthatevenforatypicalindustrialcity,the reduction ofPM2.5 concentrationsnotonlyrequiresdecreasesinemissionsfromthe industrial sector,butalsofromthelowemissionsources.Theseasonalvariationinsulfate concentrationalsoshowedthatemissionfromcoal-burningisthekeyfactortocontrol during theheatingseason.     

微耗损固相微萃取技术及其在有机污染物自由溶解态浓度测定中的应用

自由溶解态浓度可用于评价污染物的生物有效性,评估污染物的环境风险.本文介绍了微耗损固相微萃取(nd-SPME)技术测定自由溶解态浓度的原理、测定条件和基质干扰等影响因素,并着重总结归纳了nd-SPME技术在在环境基质和生物基质中有机污染物自由溶解态浓度测定中的应用.