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281.
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283.
C9-AA水溶性石油树脂的制备及其阻垢性能 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
以乙烯生产过程中的副产物C9馏分和丙烯酸为原料,采用自由基溶液聚合,合成具有阻垢性能的C9-AA水溶性石油树脂。考察了引发剂AIBN和溶剂的加入量、C9-AA加入量、Ca^2+浓度、循环冷却水pH和养护时间对C9-AA水溶性石油树脂阻垢性能的影响,并对其阻垢效果进行了评价。在Ca^2+质量浓度小于或等于600mg/L、循环冷却水pH小于或等于9.3、C9-AA水溶性石油树脂加入量大于或等于15mg/L的条件下,C9—AA水溶性石油树脂对循环冷却水的阻垢率达到90%以上,其有效作用时间为60h。 相似文献
284.
珠江口现代沉积物柱芯样多环芳烃高分辨沉积记录研究 总被引:14,自引:2,他引:12
通过对采集于珠江三角洲澳门河口区的沉积物柱状样品中多环芳烃的GC MS定量分析测定,并结合210Pb同位素定年分析,重建了珠江口近代有机污染物的污染史(1959~1996年).研究结果表明,柱芯样品中多环芳烃的浓度为0.6~4.5μg·g-1(干重计),污染程度为中等.其中在20世纪60年代和80年代分别记录到两个高的污染峰,表明这两个时间段内有较大的污染物输入.以母体化合物比值对沉积物样品中的多环芳烃来源进行了分析,结果表明是受到了以油类和不完全燃烧产物为主的混合污染,且污染来源较为单一.对沉积物毒性潜在效应的计算表明,表层沉积物毒性效应较大,且从90年代初期开始后至1996年,毒性当量浓度呈线性趋势增加. 相似文献
285.
Lobpreis T Vrana B Dominiak E Dercová K Mills GA Greenwood R 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,153(3):706-710
Passive sampling of pollutants in water has been gaining acceptance for environmental monitoring. Previously, an integrative passive sampler (the Chemcatcher) was developed and calibrated for the measurement of time weighted average concentrations of hydrophobic pollutants in water. Effects of physicochemical properties and environmental variables (water temperature and turbulence) on kinetic and thermodynamic parameters characterising the exchange of analytes between the sampler and water have been published. In this study, the effect of modification in sampler housing geometry on these calibration parameters was studied. The results obtained for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons show that reducing the depth of the cavity in the sampler body geometry increased the exchange kinetics by approximately twofold, whilst having no effect on the correlation between the uptake and offload kinetics of analytes. The use of performance reference compounds thus avoids the need for extensive re-calibration when the sampler body geometry is modified. 相似文献
286.
Biache C Mansuy-Huault L Faure P Munier-Lamy C Leyval C 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):671-677
To evaluate the efficiency and the influence of thermal desorption on the soil organic compartment, contaminated soils from coking plant sites (NM and H) were compared to their counterparts treated with thermodesorption. The extractable organic matter, and the metal content and distribution with soil compartments were studied.In both thermodesorbed soils, PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) degradation exceeded 90%. However, the thermal desorption led not only to a volatilization of the organic compounds but also to the condensation of extractable organic matter.The treatments only affected the Fe and Zn distribution within the more stable fractions, whereas the organic compound degradation did not affect their mobility and availability. 相似文献
287.
Rao PS Ansari MF Gavane AG Pandit VI Nema P Devotta S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,128(1-3):323-328
Petroleum refineries are largest chemical industries that are responsible for the emission of several pollutants into the
atmosphere. Benzene is among the most important air pollutants that are emitted by petroleum refineries, since they are involved
in almost every refinery process. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a major group of air pollutants, which play a critical
role in atmospheric chemistry. These contribute to toxic oxidants, which are harmful to ecosystem, human health and atmosphere.
The variability of pollutants is an important factor in determining human exposure to these chemicals. The ambient air concentrations
of benzene were measured in several sites around the Digboi petroleum refinery, near the city of Gowahati in northeast India,
during winter and summer 2004. The seasonal and spatial variations of the ambient air concentrations of this benzene were
investigated and analyzed. An estimation of the contribution of the refinery to the measured atmospheric levels of benzene
was also performed. The ambient air mixing ratios of benzene in a large area outside the refinery was generally low, in ppbv
range, much lower than the ambient air quality standards. This article presents the temporal and spatial variation of air
pollution in and around petroleum refinery and showed that no health risk due to benzene is present in the areas adjacent
to the refinery. 相似文献
288.
Isobe T Takada H Kanai M Tsutsumi S Isobe KO Boonyatumanond R Zakaria MP 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,135(1-3):423-440
A comprehensive monitoring survey for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals
(EDCs) utilizing mussels as sentinel organisms was conducted in South and Southeast Asia as a part of the Asian Mussel Watch
project. Green mussel (Perna viridis) samples collected from a total of 48 locations in India, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and
the Philippines during 1994–1999 were analyzed for PAHs, EDCs including nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP) and bisphenol A
(BPA), and linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) as molecular markers for sewage. Concentrations of NP ranged from 18 to 643 ng/g-dry
tissue. The highest levels of NP in Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, and Indonesia were comparable to those observed
in Tokyo Bay. Elevated concentrations of EDCs were not observed in Vietnam and Cambodia, probably due to the lower extent
of industrialization in these regions. No consistent relationship between concentrations of phenolic EDCs and LABs were found,
suggesting that sewage is not a major source of EDCs. Concentrations of PAHs ranged from 11 to 1,133 ng/g-dry, which were
categorized as “low to moderate” levels of pollution. The ratio of methylphenanthrenes to phenanthrene (MP/P ratio) was >1.0
in 20 out of 25 locations, indicating extensive input of petrogenic PAHs. This study provides a bench-mark for data on the
distribution of anthropogenic contaminants in this region, which is essential in evaluating temporal and spatial variation
and effect of future regulatory measures. 相似文献
289.
聚苯乙烯基硫代磺酸钾树脂的合成及其与卤代烃的反应 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
由聚苯乙烯基磺酰氯树脂与硫化氢钾反应制备聚苯乙烯基硫代磺酸钾树脂(I),树脂I与亲电的卤代烃反应,生成聚苯乙烯基硫代磺酸酯树脂(Ⅱ),树脂Ⅱ经过乙硫醇处理,使卤代烃结构部分以不对称二硫醚的形式游离下来,用GC/MS对其结构进行鉴定。从不对称二硫醚的结构可推导出原卤代烃的结构,所制备的聚苯乙烯基硫代磺酸钾树脂的转化效率为1.11mmol·g^-1。 相似文献
290.
Culbertson JB Valiela I Olsen YS Reddy CM 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,154(2):312-319
In September 1969, the Florida barge spilled 700,000 L of No. 2 fuel oil into the salt marsh sediments of Wild Harbor, MA. Today a substantial amount, approximately 100 kg, of moderately degraded petroleum remains within the sediment and along eroding creek banks. The ribbed mussels, Geukensia demissa, which inhabit the salt marsh creek bank, are exposed to the spilled oil. Examination of short-term exposure was done with transplantation of G. demissa from a control site, Great Sippewissett marsh, into Wild Harbor. We also examined the effects of long-term exposure with transplantation of mussels from Wild Harbor into Great Sippewissett. Both the short- and long-term exposure transplants exhibited slower growth rates, shorter mean shell lengths, lower condition indices, and decreased filtration rates. The results add new knowledge about long-term consequences of spilled oil, a dimension that should be included when assessing oil-impacted areas and developing management plans designed to restore, rehabilitate, or replace impacted areas. 相似文献