石油开采促进农村经济发展

通过调查黄官屯、前枣园和马台子的自然条件，比较传统农业经济指标、现代农业经济指标及农村经济构成，指出石油开采地区（黄官屯和前枣园）比非石油开采地区（马台子）经济发展迅速，人民也比较富裕。     

火电厂排烟中颗粒物及多环芳烃的研究

对某火电厂电除尘器前后烟气中颗粒物的形貌、粒径分布及多环芳烃(PAHs)在颗粒物、烟气气相及原煤中的含量进行了研究.结果表明,颗粒物主要呈圆球形,主要成分为Al2O3和SiO2,除尘器前颗粒粒径主要分布在5～10 μm之间,其后以5 μm以下为主;电除尘器对大颗粒有较好的收尘效果,而对小于5 μm颗粒的收尘效果较差;低环PAHs在气相中的含量均高于颗粒物中的含量;电除尘器对PAHs的平均脱除率能达到89.74%,对4环和6环PAHs的脱除率高于90%.     

紫外分光光度法测定水中矿物油时的水份脱除问题

简要介绍了在水中矿物油的测定过程中，无水硫酸钠铺垫厚度对石油醚萃取液脱水过滤速度及水样测定结果的影响，得出了水样污染越重，石油醚萃取液中含的水份越多，无水硫酸钠铺垫厚度应适当加厚，但测定结果仍满足环境监测要求的结论。     

焦炉煤气的净化和有效利用途径

随着我国钢铁工业的发展，焦化行业进入到一个大发展时期。大量焦炉煤气的产生，为焦炉煤气的合理开发利用提出了新的课题。焦炉煤气的有效利用可产生巨大的经济效益，并且可避免环境污染和二次能源的浪费。     

基于碳同位素组成的大气NMHCs光化学寿命研究

利用热解析-气相色谱-同位素质谱联用仪测定了兰州市冬季和夏季昼夜大气非甲烷烃(NMHCs)的稳定碳同位素组成.结果表明,兰州市冬季大气NMHCs的δ13C值为-30.5‰～-24.3‰,夏季为-31.9‰～-24.2%,受燃煤烟气排放的影响,冬季大气NMHCs的δ13C值明显大于夏季;冬季大气NMHCs的δ13C值夜晚大于白天,夏季不同时间点C4、C5化合物的同位素值相差不大,正己烷和正庚烷的δ13C值白天比夜晚要高.利用"碳氢化合物同位素时钟"计算出正己烷和1-丁烯在兰州市夏季大气中的平均光化学寿命分别约为6d和25min.     

Differential degradation of crude oil （Bonny Light） by four Pseudomonas strains

Four hydrocarbon degraders isolated from enriched oil- and asphalt-contaminated soils in Lagos, Nigeria, were tested for their petroleum degradation potentials. All the isolates were identified as species of Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas putida P11 demonstrated a strong ability to degrade kerosene, gasoline, diesel, engine oil and crude oil while P. aeruginosa BB3 exhibited fair degradative ability on crude oil, gasoline, engine oil, anthracene and pyrene but weak on kerosene, diesel and dibenzothiophene. Pseudomonas putida WL2 and P. aeruginosa MVL1 grew on crude oil and all its cuts tested with the latter possessing similar polycyclic aromatic potentials as P11. All the strains grew logarithmically with 1–2 orders of magnitude and with generation time ranging significantly between 3.07 and 8.55 d at 0.05 level of confidence. Strains WL2 and MVL1 utilized the oil substrate best with more than 70% in 6 d experimental period, whereas the same feat was achieved by P11 in 12 d period. BB3 on the other hand degraded only 46% within 6 d. Interestingly, data obtained from gas chromatographic analysis of oil recovered from the culture fluids of MVL1 confirmed near-disappearance of major peaks (including aliphatics and aromatics) in the hydrocarbon mixture.     

某石化企业化验岗位工人苯系物接触现状调查

为了解某石化企业化验岗位工人与苯系物接触现状,对该企业6个化验岗位进行了苯系物职业危害因素检测。结果表明：化工厂一工段油品室、乙烯化验车间、乙烯质检中心油品组苯超标严重。通过综合分析,对今后该企业化验岗位苯系物危害因素治理提出了建议。     

石油、天然气长输管道危险有害因素辨识

从储运设备与设施、人员及安全管理、环境和职业危害等方面,对长输管道的危险有害因素进行了较全面的分析和辨识,为长输管道的安全管理提供参考。     

Interactive e ect of dissolved organic matter and phenanthrene on soil enzymatic activities

The investigation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on urease, catalase and polyphenol oxidase activity in a phenanthrene (Phe)- contaminated soil was conducted under laboratory incubation conditions. Values of soil enzymatic activity depended mainly on incubation time. In the initial 16 days, urease activity increased, and was followed by a decrease. In the initial 8 days, catalase activity decreased and then increased. Variation of polyphenol oxidase activity was just the reverse of catalase activity. After 30 days of incubation, no pronounced di erence among treatments with Phe, Phe and DOM, and control were detected in urease, catalase and polyphenol oxidase activity. Phe might inhibit urease and catalase, and stimulate polyphenol oxidase. DOM could improve inhibition of Phe in soil urease and catalase activity during the initial period of applying DOM. Nevertheless, DOM had no significant e ect on polyphenol oxidase activity in the Phe contaminated soil. There was a negative correlation between catalase and polyphenol oxidase (r = –0.761***), and catalase and urease (r = –0.554**). Additionally, a positive correlation between polyphenol oxidase and urease was also detected (r = 0.701***). It is implied that the formed DOM after application of organic wastes into soils may counteract the inhibition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil enzyme activities.     

用改进法测定水中的石油类

通过对现行国标《水质石油类和动植物油的测定红外光度法》（GB16488-1996）方法中的萃取、吸附预处理过程进行改进,通过对比实验得出萃取过程采用一次萃取,前处理吸附过程采用分液漏斗代替玻璃层析柱制备硅酸镁层析柱,并辅助真空泵加速,处理效果对测定结果无影响,采取改进方法可大大节约分析时间;四氯化碳（CCl4）毒性较大,大量使用对实验室人员和环境影响较大,实验证明用氯化四氟乙烯（S-316）替代四氯化碳（CCl4）作为萃取剂,实验室前期处理过程以及实际萃取效果与用四氯化碳作为萃取剂无差别,测定结果符合国家标准的要求,氯化四氟乙烯（S-316）的应用可以减少对臭氧层的破坏,可以作为该方法较理性的萃取剂。