Perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate in the sediment of the Roter Main river, Bayreuth, Germany

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are widely distributed in aquatic ecosystems. Their sources are known but few studies about their accumulation potential in river sediments exist. The aim of this study is to assess the concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in sediments in relation to their levels in river water receiving effluent from a waste water treatment plant (WWTP). PFOS accumulates by a factor of about 40 relative to river water, PFOA only up to threefold. In contrast to previous suggestions, in this case the enrichment on sediment is not correlated to the total organic carbon contents.     

石油污染土壤的植物与微生物修复技术

石油污染土壤的生物修复技术具有成本低、简便高效、对环境影响小等优点,正逐步成为石油污染治理研究的热点领域,具有广阔的发展前景.介绍了我国的石油污染概况及生物修复技术在石油污染治理中的应用,重点对石油污染土壤的微生物修复、植物修复、植物一微生物联合修复技术的研究进展及各自的优点、局限性进行了综述,并提出了石油污染土壤生物修复技术研究的重点领域.     

Effects of petroleum contamination on soil microbial numbers, metabolic activity and urease activity

The influence of petroleum contamination on soil microbial activities was investigated in 13 soil samples from sites around an injection water well (Iw-1, 2, 3, 4) (total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH): 7.5-78 mg kg⁻¹), an oil production well (Op-1, 2, 3, 4, 5) (TPH: 149-1110 mg kg⁻¹), and an oil spill accident well (Os-1, 2, 3, 4) (TPH: 4500-34 600 mg kg⁻¹). The growth rate constant (μ) of glucose stimulated organisms, determined by microcalorimetry, was higher in Iw soil samples than in Op and Os samples. Total cultivable bacteria and fungi and urease activity also decreased with increasing concentration of TPH. Total heat produced demonstrated that TPH at concentrations less than about 1 g kg⁻¹ soil stimulated anaerobic respiration. A positive correlation between TPH and soil organic matter (OM) and stimulation of fungi-bacteria-urease at low TPH doses suggested that TPH is bound to soil OM and slowly metabolized in Iw soils during OM consumption. These methods can be used to evaluate the potential of polluted soils to carry out self-bioremediation by metabolizing TPH.     

PFOA与PFOS对厌氧氨氧化污泥特性和微生物群落的影响

通过序批实验研究了不同浓度(0.5,1mg/L)与不同类型的全氟化合物(PFCs)对厌氧氨氧化(anammox)污泥脱氮性能及微生物群落的影响.结果表明,0.5与1mg/L全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)对anammox污泥的脱氮性能无明显抑制作用;1mg/L PFOA(OA1)与PFOS(OS1)添加...     

水质石油类／动植物油快速测定方法探讨

为满足应急监测对分析方法提出的快速、准确、及时的要求,对现行国标《水质石油类和动植物油的测定红外光度法））（GB／T16488—1996）不适应应急监测需求的萃取、吸附2个预处理步骤进行了改进,为减少对臭氧层的破坏,用氯化四氟乙烯（S-316）替代四氯化碳（CCl4）作为萃取剂,均获得了比较满意的比对监测结果。     

Dynamic changes in microbial activity and community structure during biodegradation of petroleum compounds： A laboratory experiment

With 110-d incubation experiment in laboratory,the responses of microbial quantity,soil enzymatic activity,and bacterial community structure to different amounts of diesel fuel amendments were studied to reveal whether certain biological and biochemical characteristics could serve as reliable indicators of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in meadow-brown soil,and use these indicators to evaluate the actual ecological impacts of 50-year petroleum-refining wastewater irrigation on soil function in Sbenfu irrigation area.Results showed that amendments of≤1000 mg/kg diesel fuel stimulated the growth of aerobic beterotrophic bacteria,and increased the activity of soil dehydrogenase,hydrogenperoxidase,polypbenol oxidase and substrate-induced respiration.Soil bacterial diversity decreased slightly during the first 15 d of incubation and recovered to the control level on day 30.The significant decrease of the colony forming units of soil actinomyces and filamentous fungi can be taken as the sensitive biological indicators of petroleum contamination when soil was amended with≥5000 mg/kg diesel fuel.The sharp decrease in urease activity was recommended as the most sensitive biochemical indicator of heavy diesel fuel contamination.The shifts in community structure to a community documented by Sphingomonadaceae withinα-subgroup of Proteobacteria could be served as a sensitive and precise indicator of diesel fuel contamination.Based on the results described in this paper,the soil function in Shenfu irrigation area was disturbed to some extent.     

混凝—气浮工艺处理有机物污染地下水现场中试试验

对某农药厂原厂区的有机污染地下水的水质特征进行了分析,采用小试确定了药剂投加量,并采用中试装置考察了混凝—气浮工艺的去除效果。小试结果表明,聚合氯化铝（PAC）的最佳投加量为300 mg/L,聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）的最佳投加量为3 mg/L。中试运行结果表明,当进水流量为0.25 ~1.00 m3/h时,对浊度的去除率为82.66%~90.13%,对悬浮固体的去除率为80.12%~90.11%;碳原子数在10~28范围内的石油烃的平均去除率为38.96%~51.46%;1,2-二氯乙烷、2-甲基萘、苯、萘、甲苯、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的平均去除率分别为17.76%,67.49%,48.70%,54.56%,37.24%,62.53%。     

基于某石油烃污染场地的文化活动设施用地健康风险评估标准探讨

我国的城镇化进程中,城市规划的都市新区可能会建设在以往市郊工业地带的遗留污染场地之上。都市新区用地规划的复杂性,会为污染场地的调查与评估工作带来一定变数。本研究选取一处发生过重油泄漏事故的遗留污染场地,现拟改建为城市新区内的文化活动设施用地。根据场地采样调查结果,结合文化活动设施用地的实际使用情景,对场地内的土壤石油烃(C10～C40)超标点位进行人体健康风险评估。评估结果表明,场地内的石油烃存在显著的人体健康风险,但现行国家标准低估了污染物在相关用地方式中存在的人体健康风险。研究揭示了现行污染场地风险评估中用地方式及筛选值存在的“灰色地带”及其对使用者健康风险潜在的负面影响,应在国内的土壤场地调查及修复工作中引起重视。     

CO_2/H_2S共存腐蚀与缓蚀技术研究进展

文章综述了目前国内外开展CO2/H2S共存条件下的腐蚀机理、腐蚀影响因素以及控制CO2/H2S共存腐蚀的缓蚀剂等研究的最新成果。提出有必要对CO2/H2S共存环境中的金属腐蚀行为及规律、二者对钢材腐蚀的协同作用和交互影响、金属表面腐蚀产物膜对金属基体的保护性能、腐蚀影响因素的主要方面以及控制腐蚀的缓蚀技术、特别是缓蚀剂的合成及缓蚀机理等进行先导性的研究。