First trimester monitoring of a pregnancy at risk for glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency

First trimester prenatal diagnosis was offered to the mother of a child affected by severe haemolytic anaemia due to glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) deficiency. The mutant enzyme was characterized by an increased thermal lability. Both parents had 50 per cent normal red cell GPI activity. We have shown that the homozygous and heterozygous genotypes can be clearly distinguished from each other and controls by combinations of the measurement of enzyme activity and enzyme thermal lability. Examination of trophoblast cells obtained at 9 weeks of gestation led to the diagnosis of a GPI heterozygous fetus. The result was confirmed by analysis on uncultured and cultured amniotic fluid cells sampled at 16 weeks and by red blood cell studies of the healthy newborn. Prenatal diagnosis of GPI deficiency is indicated in families with previous cases resulting in severe haemolysis and mainly with the conservative view of arranging appropriate therapeutic measures for affected fetuses.     

膨胀蛭石同步脱铵除磷的影响因素研究

为探讨膨胀蛭石同步脱铵除磷能力,采用静态吸附实验考察了氨氮和磷酸盐共存时接触时间、粒径、pH值以及温度对膨胀蛭石去除氮磷效果的影响。结果表明,膨胀蛭石具有较好的同步脱铵除磷性能,在pH值为7,温度为25℃条件下,用1.00g粒径为80~100目膨胀蛭石对100mL氨氮和磷酸盐浓度分别为50mg/L和10mg/L的模拟污水处理4h后,氨氮和磷酸盐去除率分别达79.4%和93.0%,两者吸附过程均明显表现为"快速吸附,减速平衡"二阶段特征。中性条件下氨氮去除效果最好,酸性或碱性条件有利于磷酸盐去除,温度升高,氨氮去除率下降,磷酸盐去除率上升。等温吸附实验研究表明,膨胀蛭石对氨氮与磷酸盐的等温吸附线均较好的符合Langmuir方程。     

固定化优势菌种处理有机废气的试验研究

试验采用含甲苯和乙酸乙酯的基质溶液对接种污泥进行反复选择培养驯化,获得具有高效降解能力的优势菌种.利用正交实验确定了菌种固定化的最优条件.通过调整生物滴滤塔喷淋液的pH,确定处理有机废气的最优pH为7.0.试验分析了滴滤塔不同有机物进口浓度在填料层高度的浓度分布情况,结果表明填料层下部的有机物降解速率大于上部的降解速率,说明在较低浓度下,有机物的降解主要受传质过程的控制.     

生物酶在医院污水处理中的应用研究

处理医院污水常用的工艺有A2/O工艺和AB工艺,以上两种工艺存在磷酸盐及氨氮去除与水温等工艺条件相关因素有关,而造成处理效果不稳定,经试验采用生物酶改良剂＋SBR反应器处理医院污水,加入生物酶原液为50 000 mg/L加入一定数量,按SBR工艺条件控制,经处理后,COD去除率达90%以上,出水中磷酸盐及氨氮浓度达到综合废水一级排放标准。在SBR反应器中,当生物酶与医院污水比例为0.1/10 000-1/10000时,对COD的去除率显著提高,在处理医院污水时,曝气时间4 h,此时COD去除率小于90%。能加速聚磷菌对磷的释放和吸收,可使出水达到或接近一级排放标准,同时在好氧段生物酶能显著提高NH3-N的硝化速度,能将硝化时间缩短2h,从而降低了医院污水的处理成本。     

CTMAB有机膨润土对水中磷酸盐的吸附去除作用

研究了天然膨润土、钠化膨润土和CTMAB（十六烷基三甲基溴化铵）有机改性膨润土对水中磷酸盐的吸附去除作用,考察了膨润土用量、振荡时间、溶液pH对磷酸盐吸附的影响,并绘制了吸附等温线。结果表明：CTMAB有机膨润土的吸附能力远大于原土,当pH值在酸性范围内时,磷酸盐的去除效率较高,吸附是一个快速的过程,可在60min内达到吸附平衡,吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程。膨润土储量丰富、价廉易得,其改性产物可以成为处理磷酸盐污染,降低水体富营养化污染的高效吸附剂。     

光照度对水柱中斜生栅藻生长的影响

为探索在湖库中呈不均匀分布的光照度对藻类生长的影响,在水柱中研究了不同入射光照度和斜生栅藻生物量动态变化之间的关系。结果显示,在稀释率为10%的连续流条件下,当入射光照度低于10000lux,即可获得平均光照度低于2000lux时,斜生栅藻出现负增殖,而在摇瓶试验中,在入射光照度为500lux时,斜生栅藻就表现出正增殖。研究发现采用可获得平均光照度这一指标以更好地描述水柱中藻类可获得光资源量的实际状况,可获得平均光照度和斜生栅藻的稳态生物量之间呈极显著的正相关关系。此外,水体中pH值和磷酸盐浓度的变化也从侧面反映了光照度对藻类生物量的影响。     

锌对磷酸铵镁和磷酸钙结晶回收磷的影响

以模拟废水为对象,研究了pH及Zn2+浓度对磷酸铵镁(MAP)和羟基磷灰石(HAP)法除磷率的影响,并对不同Zn:P摩尔比条件下除磷所得产物进行了XRD物相分析。结果表明,锌磷共存条件下进行MAP和HAP法除磷,当pH在7.4～8.0时,Zn2+浓度越大,除磷率越高,随着pH继续增加,Zn2+浓度越大,除磷率反而越小。当pH为9.5时,Zn2+浓度从0增加到25mg/L时,MAP法的除磷率从91%下降到82%;而HAP法的除磷率从95%下降到92%,受Zn2+浓度影响较MAP法小。锌磷共存条件下的除磷产物中均含有Zn(3PO4)2,随着溶液中Zn:P增加,产物中Zn(3PO4)2含量越来越多,且HAP法除磷产物纯度受Zn2+浓度影响较MAP法大。     

连续流分段进水工艺生物脱氮除磷技术分析及优化控制

连续流分段进水工艺可最大程度利用污水碳源,对低C/N城镇生活污水及工业废水具有深度脱氮除磷特性.详述了连续流分段进水工艺生物脱氮除磷原理和工艺特性,重点分析了段数、流量分配比、各段缺氧区和好氧区容积分配比、溶解氧、污泥回流比、原水水质等对工艺运行性能的影响因素.并结合国内外研究现状和工程应用实例,概述了工艺的过程控制的研究情况和应用前景.开展针对中国污水水质的工艺设计试验研究和相应的工艺过程控制研究是加快分段进水工艺应用于中国污水处理行业的两大技术突破点.     

MUCT-MBR工艺反硝化除磷脱氮研究

自行设计的双反应器MUCT-MBR简化了MUCT工艺,将反应池由5个简化到2个,减小了工艺占地面积,并且采用膜过滤取代二沉池出水,操作简单,出水安全可靠.针对MUCT-MBR工艺脱氮除磷性能,尤其是反硝化除磷功能进行研究.结果表明,当进水C/N/P比在33.3/5/1～25/5.5/1范围内,整个实验过程中COD、 TN和TP平均去除率分别达到89.3%、 75.4%、 79.2%;且膜出水不受污泥沉降性的影响.缺氧段的反硝化吸磷是MUCT-MBR工艺除磷的关键,系统运行至第58 d,系统中反硝化除磷菌（DPAOs）所占比例达84.2%,反硝化除磷占系统总磷去除的67.07%.     

Phosphate removal and recovery through crystallization of hydroxyapatite using xonotlite as seed crystal

Xonotlite was synthesized and tested for phosphate removal and recovery from synthetic solution in a batch mode. The e ects of pH, initial calcium concentration, bicarbonate concentration on phosphate removal through crystallization were examined. The morphology and X-ray di raction (XRD) pattern of xonotlite before and after crystallization confirmed the formation of crystalline hydroxyapatite. The results indicated that the crystallization product had a very high P content (> 10%), which is comparable to phosphate rock at the dosage of 50–200 mg xonotlite per liter, with a maximum P content of 16.7%. The kinetics of phosphate removal followed the second-order reaction equation. The phosphate removal ability increased with increasing pH. The precipitation of calcium phosphate took place when pH was higher than 7.2, whereas the crystallization occurred at pH 6.0. A high calcium concentration could promote the removal of phosphate via crystallization, while a high bicarbonate concentration also enhanced phosphate removal, through that the pH was increased and thus induced the precipitation process. When xonotlite was used to remove phosphate from wastewater, the removal e ciency could reach 91.3% after 24 h reaction, with removal capacity 137 mg/g. The results indicated that xonotlite might be used as an e ective crystal seed for the removal and recovery of phosphate from aqueous solution.