萃取-反萃法综合回收磷矿浮选尾矿中磷和镁

针对某磷矿浮选尾矿的资源特点,将其作为高镁低品位磷矿进行处理,用萃取-反萃法分离酸浸液中的镁和磷。选择正丁醇作为萃取剂,在磷酸浓度为30%、萃取相比为1:1,温度为常温,萃取时间为5min的均衡搅拌条件下,五氧化二磷萃取率可达68%以上;用水作为反萃剂,在其加入量为反萃前有机相体积的30%,反萃时间为3min,常温条件下进行反萃,反萃率可达90%以上。该研究为综合回收磷矿浮选尾矿提供了基础性资料,     

Can phosphate compounds be used to reduce the plant uptake of Pb and resist the Pb stress in Pb-contaminated soils？

The effects of di erent phosphate-amendments on lead (Pb) uptake, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) in contaminated soils with 2500, or 5000 mg P2O5/kg soil of hydroxyapatite (HA), phosphate rock (PR), single-superphosphate (SSP) and the mix of HA/SSP (HASSP) were evaluated in pot experiments. Results showed that the Pb concentrations in shoots and roots decreased by 18.3%–51.6% and 16.8%–57.3% among the treatments respectively compared to the control samples. The e ciency order of these phosphate-amendments in reducing Pb uptake was as follows: HASSPt HA > SSP t PR.With the addition of SSP, HA and the mix of HA/SSP, the SOD activity in shoot was reduced markedly (P < 0.05) compared with that in the control group. For example, the SOD activities in shoot by the treatments of HASSP, SSP, and HA in 5000 mg P2O5/kg were found to be only 51.3%, 56.2%, and 56.7%, respectively. Similar e ects were also observed on the level of MDA in the shoots with a decrease in 24.5%–56.3%. The results verified the inference that phosphate compounds could be used to reduce the plant uptake of Pb and resist the Pb stress in the plant vegetated in Pb-contaminated soils.     

钙镁磷肥生产富氧空气助燃节能可行性分析

介绍了钙镁磷肥传统生产方法,分析了钙镁磷肥高炉富氧空气助燃的可行性,认为该方法可行。     

活化赤泥去除猪场废水生化处理出水中的磷和重金属

以铝矿工业废渣赤泥为原材料,采用焙烧活化方法进行活化处理,并将其用于畜禽废水生化处理出水中磷和重金属的吸附去除.同时,研究考察了吸附剂除磷、除重金属的能力以及投加量、pH值和反应时间对去除效果的影响.结果表明,赤泥和活化赤泥对磷、铜、锌、砷吸附规律符合Langmuir吸附等温方程;焙烧改性后,赤泥对磷、铜、锌、砷的去除能力显著提高,900℃焙烧活化饱和吸附量可分别由46.26、18.18 、15.45、18.83 mg·g-1提高至149.00、65.17、99.20、27.51 mg·g-1;pH显著影响除磷、除重金属的效果,高pH条件有利于磷、铜、锌、砷的去除;赤泥和活化赤泥除磷、铜、锌、砷的作用机理包含金属氧化物表面的表面络合作用机理,其对砷和磷的去除机理还包括共沉淀作用.     

稻壳沸石的合成及其对磷酸盐的吸附/脱附动力学

以稻壳为原料采用煅烧-水热合成法制备了合成沸石,运用XRD和SEM表征了合成沸石的特性,通过静态实验,研究了合成沸石对磷酸盐的吸附和脱附机理。结果表明:12 h后产物发现了Na P沸石的特征峰和亚晶结构,延长水热合成晶化的时间有利于沸石晶核的形成。沸石对磷酸盐的吸附机理符合伪二级模型,实测值与伪二级吸附动力学模型的拟合值相差在1.1%以内。颗粒内扩散速率是由膜扩散和内扩散共同控制,颗粒内扩散速率常数kp随初始浓度的增加而减小。升温有利于磷酸盐的脱附,MNa OH/P>8.0时(MNa OH/P为Na OH物质的量与吸附的磷酸盐物质的量之比),磷酸盐的脱附率可达82.9%。伪二级脱附动力学模型的拟合结果优于伪一级,拟合值与实测值相差在1.7%以内。     

磷酸铵镁沉淀法去除垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的实验研究

本试验采用磷酸铵镁沉淀法（MAP）处理垃圾渗滤液中的高浓度氨氮,采用MgCl2.6H2O和Na2HPO4.12H2O为沉淀剂,研究了该方法脱氮的主要影响因素并得出了最佳处理条件,即在室温条件时,pH值为10～10.5、反应摩尔比n（Mg2＋）：n（NH4＋）：n（PO43-）为1.2：1.0：0.9时,对于本试验中的垃圾渗滤液来说,为最佳反应条件,对氨氮的去除率可达到97%以上,达到国家杂用水水质标准中对氨氮的要求。     

磷矿采空区风险管理体系探讨

磷矿采空区灾害会带来严重的风险问题.采空区风险管理体系的研究有利于风险的控制.本文在论述了磷矿采空区的危害及后果的基础上,概述了磷矿采空区风险的构成并进行了计算,同时指出磷矿采空区风险管理系统的实施关键是进行风险分析、风险评价和风险控制,以对当前存在的风险及时进行处理,减少灾害的发生,从而将损失降到最低.     

鸟粪石法回收养猪废水中磷时pH对沉淀物组分的影响

采用鸟粪石沉淀法对养猪废水中的磷进行回收,应用红外光谱和X射线衍射法,并结合物料衡算研究pH变化对沉淀物组分的影响.结果表明,当pH由8.0升至9.0时,磷去除率从85%增加到94%;pH在9.0～11.0范围,磷去除率稳定在94%左右;当pH升高至12.0,磷去除率急剧下降至70％.沉淀物组分为鸟粪石(MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O)、 钾型鸟粪石(MgKPO₄·6H₂O)、 Ca₃(PO₄)₂·xH₂O和Mg(OH)₂,不含有硫酸盐和碳酸盐.当pH<9.0,沉淀物组分主要为鸟粪石;pH在9.0～10.0范围时,鸟粪石含量降低,钾型鸟粪石、 Ca₃(PO₄)₂·xH₂O含量呈逐渐增加趋势;pH由10.0升至12.0时,鸟粪石含量急剧下降,Ca₃(PO₄)₂·xH₂O和Mg(OH)₂含量快速增加,而钾型鸟粪石快速增加并在pH 11.0达到最大后急剧下降.因此,回收养猪废水中的磷时要获得纯度高的鸟粪石产品,pH值应控制在8.0～9.0.     

苯甲酸生产废水的处理与资源化

为有效地回收甲苯液相氧化法生产苯甲酸的工业废水中的苯甲酸和乙酸,并配合废水生物降解的末端处理技术,研究了20%,30%和50%磷酸三丁酯(TBP)/煤油的混合溶剂、正辛醇和甲苯萃取苯甲酸稀溶液特性,以及对工业废水处理的实验.结果表明,TBP对苯甲酸稀溶液具有良好的萃取作用,而纯溶剂体系与溶剂的极性有关,正辛醇的萃取能力与30%TBP相当;残液中的COD_Cr值由萃取剂在水中的溶解和苯甲酸自身的COD_Cr值组成,其中残液中溶剂溶解导致的COD_Cr值随其中苯甲酸浓度变化不明显,且COD_Cr值的大小为:50%TBP≈30%TBP>正辛醇>20%TBP>甲苯.针对工业废水中主要含有苯甲酸和乙酸的工况,提出了废水资源化的处理工艺流程,即首先采用甲苯进行废水中苯甲酸的回收,之后,再利用三烷基氧磷/煤油为萃取剂回收废水中的醋酸,进一步生产绿色化学品乙酸钙镁盐.     

Highly efficient and selective removal of phosphate from wastewater of sea cucumber aquaculture for microalgae culture using a new adsorption-membrane separation-coordinated strategy

● A new adsorption-membrane separation strategy is used for phosphate removal. ● PVC/Zr-BT shows a selective adsorption ability to low-concentration phosphate. ● Low concentration of P below 0.05 mg/L was achieved in actual wastewater treatment. ● Algal biomass production served as a demonstration of phosphorus recycling. Enhanced phosphorus treatment and recovery has been continuously pursued due to the stringent wastewater discharge regulations and a phosphate supply shortage. Here, a new adsorption-membrane separation strategy was developed for rational reutilization of phosphate from sea cucumber aquaculture wastewater using a Zr-modified-bentonite filled polyvinyl chloride membrane. The as-obtained polyvinyl chloride/Zr-modified-bentonite membrane was highly permeability (940 L/(m²·h)), 1–2 times higher than those reported in other studies, and its adsorption capacity was high (20.6 mg/g) when the phosphate concentration in water was low (5 mg/L). It remained stable under various conditions, such as different pH, initial phosphate concentrations, and the presence of different ions after 24 h of adsorption in a cross-flow filtration system. The total phosphorus and phosphate removal rate reached 91.5% and 95.9%, respectively, after the membrane was used to treat sea cucumber aquaculture wastewater for 24 h and no other water quality parameters had been changed. After the purification process, the utilization of the membrane as a new source of phosphorus in the phosphorus-free f/2 medium experiments indicated the high cultivability of economic microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum FACHB-863 and 1.2 times more chlorophyll a was present than in f/2 medium. The biomass and lipid content of the microalgae in the two different media were similar. The innovative polyvinyl chloride/Zr-modified-bentonite membrane used for phosphorus removal and recovery is an important instrument to establish the groundwork for both the treatment of low concentration phosphate from wastewater as well as the reuse of enriched phosphorus in required fields.