Biological removal of air loaded with a hydrogen sulfide and ammonia mixture

The nuisance impact of air pollutant emissions from wastewater pumping stations is a major issue of concern to China. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are commonly the primary odor and are important targets for removal. An alternative control technology, biofiltration, was studied. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of unit systems packed with compost in terms of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions treatment, and to establish optimal operating conditions for a full-scale conceptual design. The laboratory scale biofilter packed with compost was continuously supplied with hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas mixtures. A volumetric load of less than 150 gH2S/(m^3.d) and 230 gNH3/(m^3.d) was applied for about fifteen weeks. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia elimination occurred in the biofilter simultaneously. The removal efficiency, removal capacity and removal kinetics in the biofilter were studied. The hydrogen sulfide removal efficiency reached was very high above 99%, and ammonia removal efficiency was about 80%. Hydrogen sulfide was oxidized into sulphate. The ammonia oxidation products were nitrite and nitrate. Ammonia in the biofilter was mainly removed by adsorption onto the carrier material and by absorption into the water fraction of the carrier material. High percentages of hydrogen sulfide or ammonia were oxidized in the first section of the column. Through kinetics analysis, the presence of ammonia did not hinder the hydrogen sulfide removal. According to the relationship between pressure drop and gas velocity for the biofilter and Reynolds number, non-Darcy flow can be assumed to represent the flow in the medium.     

Using a zeolite medium biofilter to remove organic pollutant and ammonia simultaneously

IntroductionWatershortageproblemisquiteseriousinmanycitiesofChina .Thereuseofmunicipalwastewaterisoneofthekeymethodstoreleasethisproblem .Makeupwaterforrecirculatingcoolingsystemisthelargestwaterusageinmanyfactories .Thewaterqualitystandardsforreclaimedwa…     

Biological removal of methanol from process condensate for the purpose of reclamation

The biological removal of methanol from condensate of ammonia manufacturing processes for the purpose of reclamation using contact type reactor was studied. Methanol of 60 mg/L was removed completely under an HRT of 1.12 h. Optimal inorganic nutrient dose was determined on evaluating methanol removal performance and dehydrogenase activities (DHA) under different nutrition doses. The optimal inorganic nutrient dose only gave an increase of conductivity of ca. 10μs/cm^2 in the effluent on treating synthetic condensate containing methanol of 30mg/L. The results demonstrated that biological removal of methanol was effective for the purpose of recovering the methanol-bearing condensate.     

表面喷丸对Aermet100钢耐蚀性影响

目的 探究表面喷丸处理对于Aermet100钢耐蚀性能的影响。方法 借助显微观察、电化学测量及XRD分析等手段,开展喷丸与未喷丸2类A100钢试件的中性盐雾试验。结果 腐蚀形貌上,两者腐蚀表面变化均为先出现红褐色物质,后出现红棕色与绿色絮状物,在出现变化的时间上相差约1个周期。随着腐蚀时间增长,XRD衍射峰发生右移,2类试件XRD结果均在144 h变化明显。中性盐雾试验电化学结果与海洋环境下电化学结果在溶液电阻、腐蚀产物电阻和腐蚀反应电阻上均有差异,自腐蚀电位略低,自腐蚀电流则低了2个数量级。结论 两者腐蚀现象规律一致,XRD衍射峰右移表明试件晶格参数变小。2类试件腐蚀速率呈现增加到减缓再到增加的趋势。喷丸能明显提高A100钢的耐蚀性。     

加载条件下原水管道受力特征模型试验研究

为研究堆载大小对原水管道受力变形的影响,采用量纲分析法得出模型试验相似比,并根据相似比进行模型箱的设计、管道材料的选取和重塑土的配制,研究不同工况下管道的受力特征。试验结果表明:整体上管道端部应力大于管中央应力,管轴向应力大于管环向应力。在中心加载下,管端应力值较管中央处大,前者增长速度更快,而后者增长速度较慢。在偏心荷载作用下,靠近荷载的管端应力最大,而管中央应力最小;尤其在偏载6 kPa作用下,管端下表面轴向应力达到595 kPa,而管中央处仅有64 kPa,管端受边界约束作用明显,管道呈弯曲变形。     

新型复合材料处理氮磷废水的性能研究

采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（Hexadecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide，HDTMA）和稀土溶液氯化镧（LaCl₃）对人造沸石进行改性，以增强其对水中氨氮和总磷的同步去除效果.结果表明，HDTMA和LaCl₃可有效负载于人造沸石表面，且在pH为7的条件下，改性沸石对氨氮和总磷的去除率分别由改性前的75%和1%提高到95.67%和91.96%.影响因素的实验表明，改性沸石对不同浓度废水的氨氮和总磷去除率均达到90%以上；氮、磷的去除率随改性沸石投加量的增加而上升；准二级动力学模型适合描述改性沸石对氨氮吸附的动力学过程，准一级动力学模型适合描述改性沸石对总磷吸附的动力学过程；吸附等温线说明改性沸石对水中氨氮的吸附属于离子交换，对水中磷酸盐的吸附包含离子交换和化学吸附两种过程.此外，通过再生性能、负载强度和离子竞争的试验证明改性沸石能应用于实际生化尾水的氮、磷去除.     

由53起较大以上事故探讨农产品加工企业风险特征

系统检索并整理了自2001年以来,我国发生在农产品加工行业的53起较大以上事故,从事故类型、企业产品类型、承包商、施救不当和年度事故分布等角度对这些事故进行分析。结果表明,农产品加工企业事故风险具有一定的行业特点,主要表现在中毒窒息事故比较多,因施救不当而导致事故扩大的问题比较突出;粮食和酒精、养殖、饲料和腌渍制品企业风险相对较高。分析结果对指导企业如何防止较大以上事故具有重要的指导意义。     

驾驶员心理特征与驾驶安全的关系研究

随着人-车-环境系统复杂性的增加和交通事故数量的上升,新型交通工具对驾驶员的要求随之提高。从人的心理与控制的关系及汽车驾驶员的心理特征出发,具体分析心理各特征因素对驾驶员的影响,在此基础上建立汽车驾驶员安全评价模型,最后提出了在考虑心理因素的前提下提高道路行车安全的具体措施。     

湘中煤层气开发可行性与施钻风险分析

根据煤层气的危害特性和赋存现状,开展基于已开采矿区的煤层气开发可行性分析和垂直钻井风险评估。以湖南湘中地区煤层气统计资料和地质结构特征为研究基础,先从地层、构造、煤储层物性以及含气量几个方面对该区煤层气开发潜力作出综合分析评价。然后从工程安全方面阐明钻探风险,提出有利于煤层保护、有效钻进减少事故的安全技术措施。最后提出煤层气的赋存特性决定钻采开发模式,必须紧紧围绕"安全高效"来制定钻采开发方案,把风险降到最小。     

长江中游典型湖泊沉积物重金属分布特征、生态风险评估及溯源

集中采集洞庭湖、洪湖和赤湖表层沉积物样品并检测其中10种重金属含量,使用地理信息系统表征空间分布,利用地累积污染指数法（I_geo）、富集因子法（EF）和潜在生态风险指数法（RI）协同评估重金属积累的潜在风险,并利用相关性分析（Pearson）和主成分分析（PCA）溯源.结果表明,Cd元素的污染状况和潜在生态风险最为严重,东洞庭湖、洪湖和赤湖中ω（Cd）的平均值分别为2.85、1.59和3.57 mg·kg^-1,分别是对应省份土壤背景值的25.87、11.36和37.58倍,均超出风险筛选值（0.6 mg·kg^-1）,其中赤湖超出风险管制值（3.0 mg·kg^-1）.除Cd外,洪湖中的As值得关注,赤湖中的Cu、As、Zn和Pb都不容忽视.三湖的潜在生态风险排序为：赤湖（RI=1 127）>东洞庭湖（RI=831）>洪湖（RI=421）.重金属来源主要是工矿业冶采、农业生产和水产养殖等,部分重金属（Mn和Cu）为自然源.研究对长江中游典型湖泊沉积物重金属防控具有重要意义.