A novel strategy for gas mitigation during swine manure odour treatment using seaweed and a microbial consortium

• Comprehensive mitigation of gas emissions from swine manure was investigated. • Additives addition for mitigation of gas from the manure has been developed. • Sargassum horneri, seaweed masking strategy controlled gas by 90%-100%. • Immediate reduction in emitted gas and improving air quality has been determined. • Microbial consortium with seaweed completely controlled gas emissions by 100%. Gas emissions from swine farms have an impact on air quality in the Republic of Korea. Swine manure stored in deep pits for a long time is a major source of harmful gas emissions. Therefore, we evaluated the mitigation of emissions of ammonia (NH₃), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and amine gases from swine manure with biological products such as seaweed (Sargassum horneri) and a microbial consortium (Bacillus subtilis (1.2 × 10⁹ CFU/mL), Thiobacillus sp. (1.0 × 10¹⁰ CFU/mL) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2.0 × 10⁹ CFU/mL)) used as additives due to their promising benefits for nutrient cycling. Overall, seaweed powder masking over two days provided notable control of over 98%-100% of the gas emissions. Furthermore, significant control of gas emissions was especially pronounced when seaweed powder masking along with a microbial consortium was applied, resulting in a gas reduction rate of 100% for NH₃, amines and H₂S over 10 days of treatment. The results also suggested that seaweed powder masking and a microbial consortium used in combination to reduce the gas emissions from swine manure reduced odour compared with that observed when the two additives were used alone. Without the consortium, seaweed decreased total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production. The proposed novel method of masking with a microbial consortium is promising for mitigating hazardous gases, simple, and environmentally beneficial. More research is warranted to determine the mechanisms underlying the seaweed and substrate interactions.     

乙酸/丙酸作为EBPR碳源的动力学模型研究(Ⅰ) ——模型的建立

以活性污泥ASM2模型为基础,采用混合短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)作为基准物质,建立了增强生物除磷系统中聚磷菌和(PAO)的厌氧/好氧动力学模型.模型的显著特点是厌氧代谢过程中的糖原水解、聚羟基烷酸合成、以及聚磷水解速率由SCFAs的速率方程表示,并考虑了厌氧维持对动力学和计量学的影响.模型建立了过程计量学系数矩阵,包括3个溶解性组分、4个颗粒性组分,同时考虑了pH对代谢动力学的影响.最后,在PAO模型的基础上,建立了GAO的动力学模型,该模型包含7个过程,磷的浓度仅对其好氧生长有影响.     

Effect of calcium on adsorption capacity of powdered activated carbon

We investigated the effect of calcium ion on the adsorption of humic acid (HA) (as a target pollutant) by powered activated carbon. The HA adsorption isotherms at different pH and kinetics of two different solutions including HA alone and HA doped Ca²⁺, were performed. It was showed that the adsorption capacity of powdered activated carbon (PAC) for HA was markedly enhanced when Ca²⁺ was doped into HA. Also, HA and Ca²⁺ taken as nitrate were tested on the uptake of each other respectively and it was showed that the adsorbed amounts of both of them were significantly promoted when HA and calcium co-existed. Furthermore, the adsorbed amount of HA slightly decreased with the increasing of Ca²⁺ concentration, whereas the amount of calcium increased with the increasing of HA concentration, but all above the amounts without addition. Finally, the change of pH before and after adsorption process is studied. In the two different solutions including HA alone and HA doped Ca²⁺, pH had a small rise, but the extent of pH of later solution was bigger.     

紫茉莉对石油污染盐碱土壤微生物群落与石油烃降解的影响

以石油污染盐碱土壤为研究对象,利用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)活性微生物标记法,分析紫茉莉(Mirabilis jalapa Linn.)根际土壤微生物群落结构的动态变化,探讨紫茉莉生长对根际土壤微生物与石油烃(TPH)降解的影响.结果表明,供试土壤中先后出现了22种微生物PLFAs,包括标识细菌的饱和脂肪酸(SAT)、标识革兰氏阳性菌(G+)的末端支链型饱和脂肪酸(TBSAT)、标识革兰氏阴性菌(G-)的单不饱和脂肪酸(MONO)和环丙脂肪酸(CYCLO)、标识真菌的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)和标识放线菌的中间型支链型饱和脂肪酸(MBSAT)等六大类型.与未种紫茉莉土壤(CK)相比,根际土壤微生物PLFAs种类变异率在春、夏、秋季分别为71.4%、69.2%和33.3%;TPH降解率在春、夏、秋季分别提高了47.6%、28.3%、18.9%.相关性分析表明,石油烃的降解在CK土壤中与77.8%的PLFAs具有正相关关系(r0),55.6%的种类具有高度正相关关系(r≥0.8),其中,与SAT和MONO类群的相对含量正相关,相关系数分别为0.92、0.60;根际土壤中仅与42.1%的PLFAs正相关,21.1%的种类高度正相关,与TBSAT、MONO和CYCLO类群的相对含量正相关,相关系数分别为0.56、0.50、0.07.说明紫茉莉生长对根际土壤微生物群落结构及TPH降解速率均具有较大影响,且随生长季节的不同而有很大差异.该结果将为开展石油污染盐碱土壤的植物修复技术研究提供理论依据.     

污水管网中无机氮类营养盐迁变规律

以一套长1 200 m的城市污水模拟管网为对象,采用人工配水方式,研究了管网中含氮化合物的变化情况,分析评价了沿程氮类营养盐的迁变转化特性.结果表明,以氯化铵为氮源基质,管网微生物将其同化合成生命所需的物质以进行细胞增殖.游离氨基酸、结合氨基酸、核酸是代谢产生的主要含氮有机化合物,其中氨基酸占溶解性有机氮(DON)的绝大多数.同时利用三维荧光光谱、尺寸排阻色谱技术对水中有机物的荧光特性及相对分子质量分布的表征结果显示,污水中有机物的特征荧光峰有所增多,主要以类蛋白、类微生物代谢产物为主,且荧光强度随管网沿程逐渐增强;水中的小分子营养盐在微生物的同化作用下转化为复杂的大分子有机物.     

微好氧水解酸化在石化废水预处理中的应用研究

应用微好氧水解酸化技术对北方某石化污水厂进行了改造,投产后对其进行了跟踪监测.结果表明,在进水COD为490.3~673.2 mg·L-1,水力停留时间(HRT)为24 h以及溶解氧(DO)控制在0.2~0.35 mg·L-1条件下,监测阶段内COD的平均去除率为11.7%,出水和进水相比,BOD5/COD提高了12.4%,UV254值降低了11.2%,挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度升高了23.0%.相对分子质量分布测定和好氧生物降解性试验结果表明:石化废水采用微好氧水解酸化预处理后,小分子有机物(1×103)所占比例由59.5%提高至82.1%,而大分子有机物(100×103)所占比例由31.8%降低到14.0%.经微好氧水解酸化预处理后降解性有显著提高,原水COD经48 h好氧处理可降至102.2 mg·L-1,而微好氧水解酸化出水COD经48 h好氧处理可降解至71.5 mg·L-1.微好氧水解酸化出水的SO2-4浓度[(930.7±60.1)mg·L-1]高于进水[(854.3±41.5)mg·L-1],表明微好氧环境对硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)有抑制作用.由于硫酸盐的还原受到抑制,减少有毒和恶臭类气体产生,改善了周围环境.     

Road to full bioconversion of biowaste to biochemicals centering on chain elongation: A mini review

Production of biochemicals from waste streams has been attracting increasing worldwide interest to achieve climate protection goals. Chain elongation(CE) for production of mediumchain carboxylic acids(MCCAs, especially caproate, enanthate and caprylate) from diverse biowaste has emerged as a potential economic and environmental technology for a sustainable society. The present mini review summarizes the research utilizing various synthetic or real waste-derived substrates available for MCCA production. Additionally, the microbial characteristics of the CE process are surveyed and discussed. Considering that a large proportion of recalcitrantly biodegradable biowaste and residues cannot be further utilized by CE systems and remain to be treated and disposed, we propose here a loop concept of bioconversion of biowaste to MCCAs making full use of the biowaste with zero emission. This could make possible an alternative technology for synthesis of value-added products from a wide range of biowaste, or even non-biodegradable waste(such as, plastics and rubbers). Meanwhile, the remaining scientific questions, unsolved problems, application potential and possible developments for this technology are discussed.     

UPLC法同时快速测定湿地土壤中的五种低分子量有机酸

研究了超高效液相色谱（UPLC）法同时测定湿地土壤中柠檬酸、草酸、苹果酸、酒石酸和丁二酸等5种有机酸的方法,并测定了武昌湖、巢湖和鄱阳湖湿地土壤样品中的有机酸组成含量,为揭示有机酸在土壤-植物-根际环境中的转运、分配和分泌提供理论依据。结果表明：利用UPLC法可以快速地分离5种有机酸,比HPLC分离时间缩短1倍左右;各有机酸的加标回收率为99.17%～103.55%,相对标准偏差为0.48%～1.92%,检测限为0.05～0.18 mg/kg,该方法线性关系优良（R²>0.997）;除了鄱阳湖湿地土壤样品的酒石酸未能检测出,其他湿地土壤样品中的5种有机酸都能检测出;不同湿地土壤样品的优势有机酸种类不同,武昌湖湿地土壤中的柠檬酸和苹果酸对有机酸总量贡献较大,巢湖湿地土壤中的柠檬酸对有机酸总量的贡献最大,鄱阳湖湿地土壤中丁二酸占有机酸总量的比例小于10%;湿地土壤有机酸含量多集中在土壤深度为30～50 cm处,这与该区域植物根系分布及微生物活性较高有关。     

环胶州湾污水处理厂排放口溶解有机氮生物可利用潜力研究

溶解有机氮(DON)是陆源输入近海总溶解氮(TDN)的重要组成部分,其生物可利用性对探讨近海氮污染和富营养化形成机制具有重要意义.本研究根据2012年7月、2012年11月、2013年3月和2013年5月在胶州湾海域4个污水处理厂进行的4次调查,分析了直排胶州湾污水处理厂水体中总溶解氮(TDN)及其中总溶解氨基酸(TDAA)的含量和季节分布特征,并以溶解有机碳n(DOC)/溶解有机氮n(DON)和氨基酸的构成和丰度为指标,评价了直排胶州湾各污水处理厂排放口DON的生物可利用性.结果表明,TDN的变化范围为413.10~3 580.65μmol·L~(-1),并基本呈现3月和11月高,5月和7月低的变化趋势,其中,DON在TDN中所占摩尔分数变化范围为2.14%~88.75%.各污水处理厂排放口不同季节DOC/DON值较低,介于0.2~26.2 mol·mol~(-1)之间,平均值为(5.05±6.39)mol·mol~(-1),而TDAA中所含碳在DOC中的摩尔分数即TDAA/DOC值较高,分布在0.33%~3.02%之间,平均值为1.54%±0.78%,基于TDAA/DOC估算排入胶州湾各污水处理厂排放口污水中具有生物可利用溶解有机质所占摩尔分数为0.44%~46.97%.上述结果表明,直排胶州湾污水处理厂排放口DON具有较高的生物可利用性,对该海域富营养化贡献不容忽视.     

低分子有机酸对硫杆菌活性的抑制作用及对土壤重金属脱除的影响

施用有机肥能够降低污染土壤重金属溶解性和生物可利用性,但在淹水厌氧等环境中,有机肥会分解产生大量低分子有机酸,会抑制嗜酸性硫杆菌的生物活性.通过摇瓶实验研究了低分子有机酸对硫杆菌的毒害抑制效果和不同硫杆菌对各类有机酸的耐受水平.结果表明,纯体系培养下,A.ferrooxidans和A.thiooxidans活性抑制率在72 h内达到90%以上,所需甲、乙、丙、丁酸最低浓度分别为41.2、78.3、43.2、123.4 mg·L~(-1)和81.9、230.4、170.1、123.4 mg·L~(-1).其中,甲酸对A.ferrooxidans和A.thiooxidans的抑制作用最显著,A.thiooxidans相比A.ferrooxidans对4种有机酸具有更高的耐受性.新鲜重金属污染土壤在生物酸化初期(0 h)加入4种有机酸对后续土壤酸化过程影响较小,但12 h后加入有机酸却能使土壤生物酸化基本停止,导致土壤重金属脱除率大幅度下降.这为有机肥改良重金属污染土壤的生物修复可行性提供一定理论依据.