化学除磷条件下蚯蚓生态滤池污泥性质的试验研究

概述了蚯蚓生态滤池的研究进展,介绍了蚯蚓生态滤池化学除磷的工艺流程和设备参数;由试验得出氯化铁（FeCl3·6H2O）是蚯蚓生态滤池化学除磷的合适药剂,并确定最经济投加量为50mg／L;在此条件下,研究了化学除磷小试滤池产生的污泥性质,包括污泥产率的变化、重金属含量、污泥的脱水性能、污泥的稳定化程度以及污泥的最终处置方法。     

生物陶粒——硅藻土联合工艺脱氮除磷

试验采用硅藻土和生物接触氧化组合工艺处理污水处理厂出水,氨氮从10mg／L下降到0．5mg／L以下,去除率70～95％;硅藻土澄清池对总磷的去除率高于95％;且对浊度、色度均有良好的去除效果。     

Effect of Earthworm(Pheretima sp.) Density on Revegetation of Lead/zinc Metal Mine Tailings Amended with Soil

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of earthworm density on the availability of nutrients and heavy metals in metal contaminated soils. Pb/Zn mine tailings were mixed throughly with a red yellow podzolic soil at the ratio (w/w) of 75:25. Earthworms (Pheretima sp.) were introduced to the mixture at four different densities, zero, three, six and nine individuals per pot planted with ryegrass (Loliun multiflorum). The results indicated that earthworm activity significantly enhanced ryegrass shoot biomass. However, as denser earthworm population was introduced, shoot biomass tended to decrease. Earthworm activity significantly increased soil pH and availability of N, P and K in the tailings and soil mixture. There was a general tendency that uptake of Zn by ryegrass increased after earthworm inoculation, although the increase in extractable Zn in tailings and soil mixture was not significant. On the contrary, there seemed to be a lower uptake of Pb by ryegrass under earthworm inoclation, despite the fact that higher extractable Pb concentrations were observed. The present project indicated that the improved growth of ryegrass was due to improved nutrient availability and other soil conditions, by inoculation of earthworms at an appropriate rate. Further studies are needed to illustrate the relationship between metal availability and earthworm activity in the field.     

Mg-La-Fe/沸石复合材料的制备及其处理低浓度含磷废水的性能

以沸石为载体,选用镁、镧和铁为改性剂,采用水热法制备了一种新型高效且易于磁性分离回用的载镧磁性沸石吸附剂（MLFZ）.等温吸附和动力学研究结果表明,其吸附行为符合Langmuir等温模型和准二级动力学模型,MLFZ饱和吸附量为13.46 mg·g^-1; MLFZ在pH为3～9范围内均表现出良好的吸附性能,共存离子条件下对磷酸根具有特异吸附能力,通过磁性吸附重复使用5次后,MLFZ对磷酸盐去除率维持在90%左右,突显了其易于回收再利用的优点;FTIR、 XPS和Zeta电位表征显示,表面沉积、静电吸附作用和镧与磷酸盐通过配体交换形成内层络合物在吸附过程中为主要作用.将MLFZ用于处理自然池塘污水,结果显示磷酸盐浓度由0.86 mg·L^-1降低到0.013 mg·L^-1,表明该吸附剂具有良好的实际应用前景.     

不同生物炭对磷的吸附特征及其影响因素

为了实现植物生物质资源化利用,选择5种生物质材料制备生物炭,通过比较5种生物炭材料的磷吸附能力,筛选出了2种磷吸附效果较佳的材料,并探明了筛选生物炭材料的理化性质及其对磷的吸附特征.结果表明,5种生物炭材料中,仅水稻秸秆和玉米秸秆生物炭对磷具有吸附能力.Langmuir等温吸附曲线表明,水稻秸秆生物炭对废水中磷的吸附能力强于玉米秸秆生物炭,理论最大吸附量为：水稻秸秆生物炭(9.78 mg·g^-1)>玉米秸秆生物炭(0.39 mg·g^-1).水稻秸秆生物炭的比表面积(148.30 m²·g^-1)和总孔体积(0.11 cm³·g^-1)远高于玉米秸秆生物炭8.26 m²·g^-1和0.03 cm³·g^-1,同时水稻秸秆生物炭有更高的Mg、 Ca、 Fe和Al元素含量.水稻秸秆生物炭和玉米秸秆生物炭对磷吸附的最佳pH为酸性;在不同的pH范围内（3.0～11.0）,水稻秸秆生...     

磷基材料对土壤铅稳定化效果及影响因素的Meta分析

磷基材料对土壤Pb有良好的稳定化效果.利用Meta分析法筛选汇总了1997~2022年磷基材料稳定土壤Pb的90篇文献,从土壤性质、稳定化工艺条件和磷基材料类型这3个方面量化分析了磷基材料对土壤Pb的稳定化率、赋存形态转化和对土壤pH的影响.结果表明,从土壤性质来看,土壤碱性越强（pH≥7.5）、土壤ω（Pb）越低（≤500 mg ·kg^-1）和土壤ω（有机质）越高（>0.5%）时,越有利于磷基材料对土壤Pb的稳定化,稳定化率分别为75.21%、34.97%和93.12%.从稳定化工艺条件来看,磷基材料添加量较高（≥10%）、含水率较高（>50%）、养护时间较长（≥30d）和养护温度较高（≥40℃）时,更有利于土壤Pb的稳定化,稳定化率可分别达到80.65%、84.98%、79.39%和41.44%.从磷基材料类型来看,可溶性磷基材料对土壤Pb有很高稳定化率（96.24%）;其使土壤可交换态Pb和碳酸盐结合态Pb向残渣态Pb转化的转化率达到95.93%;可溶性磷基材料多呈酸性,对土壤pH的降低率为7.27%,难溶性磷基材料多呈碱性,对土壤pH的增加率为3.63%.综上,在土壤pH≥7.5、土壤ω（Pb）≤500 mg ·kg^-1、土壤ω（有机质）>0.5%、可溶性磷基材料添加量≥10%、含水率>50%、养护时间≥30 d和养护温度≥40℃时,磷基材料对土壤Pb的稳定化效果较好.可见在实际Pb污染土壤修复过程中,为提高Pb稳定化率,需综合考虑土壤性质、稳定化工艺条件和磷基材料类型等因素的影响.     

外源输入对底泥疏浚新生表层磷恢复及迁移的影响

外源输入对底泥疏浚新生表层磷恢复及迁移转化的影响尚不清楚,阐明该问题对于底泥疏浚实施后流域尺度上的外源控制及管理具有重要的意义.本研究以太湖梅梁湾沉积物为研究对象,采用野外原位模拟疏浚的方法研究在有无外源颗粒物输入条件下,疏浚前后新生泥水界面磷的迁移转化过程,并探讨疏浚对内源磷释放的控制效果.结果表明,疏浚后阻止外源颗粒物输入对沉积物总磷(TP)和总氮(TN)的控制产生着积极的影响;疏浚显著降低了表层沉积物潜在可移动磷的含量,有外源颗粒物输入组潜在可移动态磷(Mobile-P)含量显著高于无外源组,变化的Mobile-P以铁结合态磷(Fe-P)为主,有机磷(Org-P)次之,弱结合态磷(Lb-P)含量较低不足总磷的1‰;实验210d后,有外源颗粒物输入疏浚组间隙水PO_4~(3-)-P浓度低于未疏浚组,无外源疏浚组显著低于未疏浚组(P 0. 05);无外源疏浚组间隙水PO_4~(3-)-P浓度保持着较低的水平,其余组间隙水中PO_4~(3-)-P浓度呈现先增加后减小的趋势,间隙水PO_4~(3-)-P浓度与其对应分层沉积物中Fe-P含量显著正相关;冬春季间沉积物的源-汇功能发生了转变,沉积物对上覆水由汇转变成为源;疏浚措施降低了底泥内源磷释放速率,可有效控制其内源磷释放,阻止外源颗粒物输入对疏浚控制内源磷负荷起到了较好的促进作用.     

3种人工湿地填料对磷的动态吸附特征

以河沙、页岩、石灰石等3种重庆常见基质为人工湿地填料,探讨了磷负荷和有机负荷对基质动态除磷效果的影响。结果表明,在同等磷负荷和有机负荷情况下,3种填料的去除效果依次为石灰岩（河沙（页岩;有机负荷对各填料除磷有重要的影响,随着有机负荷的增加,填料除磷率均有不同程度的降低。有机负荷对石灰岩除磷的影响较大,对河沙除磷的影响相对较小。     

不同土地利用方式土壤表层氮、磷流失特征研究

利用室内人工模拟降雨,选择徐州沛沿河流域3种典型土地利用类型,研究了不同土地利用下土壤表层N、P随降雨径流的迁移过程.研究结果表明,在相同降雨条件下,3种土地产流量大小顺序为稻田地〉林地〉果园,产泥沙量大小顺序为果园〉稻田地〉林地.降雨径流水相中TN、TP浓度呈现随降雨时间的持续显著下降,然后逐渐稳定的趋势,氮磷的流失...     

Source and Delivery of Nutrients to Receiving Waters in the Northeastern and Mid‐Atlantic Regions of the United States1

Moore, Richard B., Craig M. Johnston, Richard A. Smith, and Bryan Milstead, 2011. Source and Delivery of Nutrients to Receiving Waters in the Northeastern and Mid‐Atlantic Regions of the United States. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(5):965‐990. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00582.x Abstract: This study investigates nutrient sources and transport to receiving waters, in order to provide spatially detailed information to aid water‐resources managers concerned with eutrophication and nutrient management strategies. SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) nutrient models were developed for the Northeastern and Mid‐Atlantic (NE US) regions of the United States to represent source conditions for the year 2002. The model developed to examine the source and delivery of nitrogen to the estuaries of nine large rivers along the NE US Seaboard indicated that agricultural sources contribute the largest percentage (37%) of the total nitrogen load delivered to the estuaries. Point sources account for 28% while atmospheric deposition accounts for 20%. A second SPARROW model was used to examine the sources and delivery of phosphorus to lakes and reservoirs throughout the NE US. The greatest attenuation of phosphorus occurred in lakes that were large relative to the size of their watershed. Model results show that, within the NE US, aquatic decay of nutrients is quite limited on an annual basis and that we especially cannot rely on natural attenuation to remove nutrients within the larger rivers nor within lakes with large watersheds relative to the size of the lake.