大凌河朝阳段大型底栖无脊椎动物监测及BI指数评价

通过对大凌河朝阳段5个采样点9个样本的底栖动物监测分析,检出底栖动物59种,采用BI指数进行水质评价。调查结果表明,大凌河南大桥及上游河段为清洁,市区段下游为轻污染至中污染。     

浑河主要污染指标特征性分析

利用1995年至2010年浑河干流7个常规监测断面的历年监测数据,通过统计分析确定浑河水质的主要污染指标为氨氮、总磷（TP）、化学需氧量（COD）和生化需氧量（BOD）。并指出1995～2000年间,浑河有机污染突出,2000年以后,浑河水质氮、磷污染更为突出,有机污染有所改善。并详细分析了这四项主要污染指标的时间及水期间分布规律,为浑河流域水污染治理及编制流域规划提供技术支撑。     

全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)对斑马鱼卵黄蛋白原mRNA水平的影响

为了研究环境低剂量全氟辛烷磺酸（perfluorooctane sulfonate,PFOS）对水生生物的内分泌干扰效应和可能的作用机制,测定了PFOS对斑马鱼（Brachydanio rerio）肝脏中卵黄蛋白原（vitellogenin,VTG）mRNA水平的影响.将斑马鱼暴露于4个PFOS的环境低剂量浓度组（0.1、1、10、100μg.L-1）中进行21d毒性试验,收集肝脏样品,提取RNA,采用荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）分别检测VTG1和VTG3的mRNA水平.结果表明：①PFOS暴露引起雄性斑马鱼肝脏VTG1和VTG3 mRNA水平升高,VTG1 mRNA水平升高与剂量呈正相关,在100μg.L-1暴露浓度处与对照组呈现显著性差异;VTG3的mRNA水平变化与剂量呈倒U型曲线,呈现典型的毒物刺激荷尔蒙效应,在10和100μg.L-1暴露浓度处与对照组呈现显著性差异;②PFOS暴露引起雌性斑马鱼肝脏中VTG1 mRNA水平升高,在10μg.L-1暴露浓度处与对照组呈现显著性差异,但在高浓度（10和100μg.L-1）处试验结果误差较大;VTG3 mRNA水平只在10μg.L-1暴露浓度处升高,但相比于对照组均没有显著性差异.试验结果表明PFOS暴露对斑马鱼的内分泌干扰作用明显,其毒性作用机制可能是类雌激素效应,而肝脏中VTG1和VTG3mRNA水平可能作为PFOS内分泌干扰效应评价的敏感生物标志物,但VTG1和VTG3 mRNA水平的响应曲线呈现基因亚型和性别差异.     

LCA of eucalyptus wood charcoal briquettes

This paper sets out to describe the environmental impact assessment for wood charcoal briquettes produced from eucalyptus wood in Brazil, with specific reference to those impacts associated with Global Warming Potential. To achieve that objective, the work was undertaken in accordance with ISO 14040 "Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework" which describes essential LCA characteristics and good practices. Charcoal briquettes are produced from two basic raw materials, charcoal fines and starch. The fines result from the production of charcoal from sustainably managed eucalyptus plantations. Starch is extracted from babaçu pulp in the Amazon region. Multi-output processes were allocated based on income from the different by-products. The results showed that more than 90% of incoming CO₂ was due to biomass production for charcoal, and the remainder to starch biomass production. Based on Brazilian data, as well as information provided by the GaBi4.3 database, it turned out that supplying the energy content of 1 kg of briquettes resulted in the sequestration of 3.9690 kg of CO₂, i.e. around 4 kg of CO₂ per kg of briquettes produced. CO₂ emissions throughout the briquette production process are totally compensated for by the environmental quality of the raw materials used.     

废弃线路板热解油中酚类物质的提取与分离

将FR-4型废弃线路板热解,并对热解油中含量最多的组分-酚类物质进行分离提取.比较研究线路板热解油的分离提取方法,探索出"碱液处理-酸化-萃取-减压蒸馏"的新方法,对分离出的组分进行GCMS(气质联用)测试.结果显示运用该方法对FR-4型线路板的热解油进行提取分离,得到的总酚占热解油的62.0%,其中苯酚的最高纯度可达...     

电镀行业清洁生产指标体系的修正

文章旨在通过剖析清洁生产指标体系建立的全过程,发现《电镀行业清洁生产指标体系(试行)》存在的缺陷与不足,并进行修正,采用层次分析法对修正后的定量指标体系赋权.最后选用三家电镀企业,对修正前后的指标体系进行评价与对比,并据此证明:修正后的指标体系更能客观评价企业真实的清洁生产水平.     

大型炼化一体化项目清洁生产评价实例研究

炼化一体化、装置大型化为炼油项目的发展趋势,符合清洁生产、循环经济原则。目前炼化一体化项目尚无相应的清洁生产标准。综合指标评价法将定性指标量化与定量指标统一起来,从而能从整体上做出一个明确的判断结果。以国内同行业先进企业各项指标为基准值,对某1000万t/a炼油、100万t/a乙烯一体化项目实例研究表明,采用综合指标评价法进行清洁生产评价,使得定性分析和定量评价结果得到了较好的吻合,评价结果更具科学性与实用性。综合指标评价法不仅可以用于大型炼化一体化项目环境影响评价时的清洁生产评价,也可用于现有工程的清洁生产审核以及企业实施清洁生产绩效评价。     

沙湖湿地的生态环境健康评价的研究

通过对生态系统健康评价体系的研究,以沙湖为例进行论证,最终得出沙湖生态系统健康度为0.32,属于不健康,制约沙湖不健康的疾病因子在于：湿地的补水水质差,导致湿地水质污染加重,富营养化现象严重,并且由于人为因素,导致物种多样性逐年下降,以上因素最终导致了沙湖湿地生态系统抗干扰能力下降,湖区湿地健康水平较低,根据对沙湖湿地功能的分析,最终设计出了沙湖湿地生态系统健康恢复技术方案。     

Debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether by organo-montmorillonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron：Preparation, characterization and influence factors

An organo-montmorillonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron material(M-NZVI) was synthesized to degrade decabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-209). The results showed that nanoscale zero-valent iron had good dispersion on organo-montmorillonite and was present as a core-shell structure with a particle size range of nanoscale iron between 30–90 nm, characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XRF, ICP-AES, and XPS. The results of the degradation of BDE-209 by M-NZVI showed that the efficiency of M-NZVI in removing BDE-209 was much higher than that of NZVI. The efficiency of M-NZVI in removing BDE-209 decreased as the pH and the initial dissolved oxygen content of the reaction solution increased, but increased as the proportion of water in the reaction solution increased.     

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solution by raw and modified plant residue materials as biosorbents

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）, e.g., naphthalene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene and pyrene, from aqueous solution by raw and modified plant residues was investigated to develop low cost biosorbents for organic pollutant abatement. Bamboo wood, pine wood, pine needles and pine bark were selected as plant residues, and acid hydrolysis was used as an easily modification method. The raw and modified biosorbents were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The sorption isotherms of PAHs to raw biosorbents were apparently linear, and were dominated by a partitioning process. In comparison, the isotherms of the hydrolyzed biosorbents displayed nonlinearity, which was controlled by partitioning and the specific interaction mechanism. The sorpfion kinetic curves of PAHs to the raw and modified plant residues fit well with the pseudo second-order kinetics model. The sorption rates were faster for the raw biosorbents than the corresponding hydrolyzed biosorbents, which was attributed to the latter having more condensed domains （i.e., exposed aromatic core）. By the consumption of the amorphous cellulose component under acid hydrolysis, the sorption capability of the hydrolyzed biosorbents was notably enhanced, i.e., 6-18 fold for phenanthrene, 6-8 fold for naphthalene and pyrene and 5-8 fold for acenaphthene. The sorpfion coefficients （Kd） were negatively correlated with the polarity index [（O＋N）/C], and positively correlated with the aromaticity of the biosorbents. For a given biosorbent, a positive linear correlation between logKoc and logKow for different PAHs was observed. Interestingly, the linear plots of logKoc-logKow were parallel for different biosorbents. These observations suggest that the raw and modified plant residues have great potential as biosorbents to remove PAHs from wastewater.