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901.
Dieter Jendrossek Ingrid Knoke Rahim Bahodjb Habibian Alexander Steinbüchel Hans Günter Schlegel 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1993,1(1):53-63
Bacteria capable of growing on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), PHB, as the sole source of carbon and energy were isolated from various soils, lake water, activated sludge, and air. Although all bacteria utilized a wide variety of monomeric substrates for growth, most of the strains were restricted to degrade PHB and copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate, P(3HB-co-3HV). Five strains were also able to decompose a homopolymer of 3-hydroxyvalerate, PHV. Poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate), PHO, was not degraded by any of the isolates. One strain, which was identified asComamonas sp., was selected, and the extracellular depolymerase of this strain was purified from the medium by ammonium sulfate precipitation and by chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel and Butyl-Sepharose 4B. The purified PHB depolymerase was not a glycoprotein. The relative molecular masses of the native enzyme and of the subunits were 45,000 or 44,000, respectively. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed PHB, P(3HB-co-3HV), and—at a very low rate—also PHV. Polyhydroxyalkanoates, PHA, with six or more carbon atoms per monomer or characteristic substrates for lipases were not hydrolyzed. In contrast to the PHB depolymerases ofPseudomonas lemoignei andAlcaligenes faecalis T1, which are sensitive toward phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and which hydrolyze PHB mainly to the dimeric and trimeric esters of 3-hydroxybutyrate, the depolymerase ofComamonas sp. was insensitive toward PMSF and hydrolyzed PHB to monomeric 3-hydroxybutyrate indicating a different mechanism of PHB hydrolysis. Furthermore, the pH optimum of the reaction catalyzed by the depolymerase ofComamonas sp. was in the alkaline range at 9.4. 相似文献
902.
汽车乘务舱半物理环境模拟系统,以测试室作为汽车乘务舱的模拟环境,采用平衡子系统作为甲醛污染物生成装置,用于研究在不同条件下甲醛污染物的光净化效果。实验结果表明:良好的通风条件可以改善甲醛的降解效果;甲醛初始浓度升高后虽然其降解效果有所下降,但是降解效果仍然可以达到80%以上;用改变电压来改变光强,9V和12V不同光强条件下,12V的效果好于9V;光照面积的增加可以明显地改善光催化降解的效果;玻璃和皮革作为载体时,皮革载体的降解效果要远好于玻璃载体。实验研究证明,光净化材料完全可以应用于汽车内环境中,且对甲醛空气污染物具有良好的净化效果。 相似文献
903.
904.
905.
In recent years, Turkey has experienced rapid economic and population growth coupled with both an equally rapid increase in
energy consumption and a vast disparity in welfare between socioeconomic groups and regions. In turn, these pressures have
accelerated the destruction of productive, assimilative, and regenerative capacities of the ecosystems, which are essential
for the well-being of the people and the economy. This paper describes the structure and function of major ecosystem types
in Turkey and discusses the underlying causes of environmental degradation in the framework of economy, energy, environment,
and ethics. From a national perspective, this paper suggests three sustainability-based policies necessary for Turkey's long-term
interests that balance economic, environmental, and energy goals: (1) decoupling economic growth from energy consumption growth
through the development of energy-efficient and renewable energy technologies; (2) linking economic efficiency and distributive
justice of wealth and power through distributive and participatory public policies; and (3) integrating the economic and ecological
systems through the internalization of externalities and ecosystem rehabilitation. 相似文献
906.
J. Aguado D. P. Serrano G. Vicente N. Sánchez 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2006,14(4):375-384
The thermal cracking of HDPE in presence of different amounts of decalin was studied and compared with the reaction carried out in the absence of solvent. The decalin favours the mass and heat transfer during the reaction. In addition, it modifies the thermal degradation mechanism, which facilitates the formation of specific products. The use of decalin substantially increases the C5–C32 yield in comparison with the solventless reaction. In all cases, linear hydrocarbons such as n-paraffins, α-olefins and α,ω-dienes were detected. Increasing the decalin/plastic ratio led to enhanced α-olefin and n-paraffins yields, but the increase was more significant in the case of α-olefins, which are valuable compounds useful as raw chemicals. A reaction mechanism was proposed to explain the results obtained in presence of decalin. In these reactions, intramolecular radical transfer, secondary radical β-scission and hydrogen transfer from both decalin to intermediate radicals and from the polymer chain to regenerate the decalin play a significant role in determining the plastic conversion and the relative amounts of each product. 相似文献
907.
伊利金川污水处理厂的设计与运行 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据乳品生产中产生的污水水质特点,对伊利金川污水处理厂采用“调节-隔油-UASB-SBR”工艺进行了工程设计。运行结果表明,采用UASB工艺处理乳品生产中的污水,绝大部分有机物可由厌氧微生物进行降解及去除,每天可减少供氧能耗约7900kW·h,每年可节约电费约130万元。出水水质符合GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》中的一级标准。同时,污水处理厂每天可产生约14300m3沼气(含9875m3甲烷),相当于9.8吨标准煤。沼气可用于低压锅炉燃烧原料,对于缓解目前能源日益紧缺的压力和发展企业的循环经济具有非常重要的意义。该工艺还具有路线短及能源回收等优点,实用性强。 相似文献
908.
Production of polyethylene teraphtalate (PET) fiber in the world is increasing every year and reached to an amount of about 20 million tons a year in 2001. The wastes occur in the production of PET fiber in the amount of about 3–5% of total production. The PET does not degrade for a long time in nature. Since PET is a derivative of petroleum, the wastes of PET are valuable and must be recycled. One of the recycling method of PET wastes is re-melting. Thus, various properties of the PET wastes were improved using the re-melting method by employing an extruder manufactured for the work. Degradation during re-melting decreases the properties of the final product. The results indicate that the properties of recycled PET wastes can be monitored by designing the parameters of the extruder. Also, the further degradation of the material can be prevented and the recycling costs are minimized. 相似文献
909.
湘南红壤丘陵区农户经济行为对土地退化的影响分析——以祁东县紫云村为例 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
通过在湖南省祁东县紫云材进行的土地利用及农户经济行为调查,从土地状况、从业选择、农具、农田设施、耕作方式和效益等方面,分析了湘南红壤丘陵区农户社会经济行为对土地质量的影响。结果表明:紫云村农户重“品种”轻“土壤”,水田土壤有机质含量减少,理化性状变差,土壤自然肥力降低,旱地、林地粗放经营,质量退化。改变农户只重“品种”而忽视“土壤”的观念、提高耕地复种指数、建立合理的轮作体系和水土保持型高效集约持续的耕作制度、加强林业管理和经营、加大农业投入、搞好农田水利建设是防止本区土地退化和保证本区农业可持续发展的对策。 相似文献
910.
Roland Geyer Hans H. Richnow Dietmar Schlosser 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(3):153-159
In experiments employing the lignocellulose-decaying basidiomycetes Trametes versicolor and Stropharia rugosoannulata degrading uniformly14C-labelled 2,4-dichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol, acombination of size exclusion chromatography (SEC),fractionation, and -scintillation counting wasapplied to quantify polymerisation products formed duringchlorophenol degradation. Time-dependent mass balances weregenerated by analysis of 14C in polymerisation products,CO2, as well as monomer non-polar and polar metabolites.Approximately 30% of the chlorophenols were found to bepolymerised. A major fraction of the polymerised productscorresponded to a molecular weight range from 0.24 – 40 kDa.Only a minor fraction could be attributed to a molecularweight >40 kDa. This method proved to be useful inquantification of polymerisation products and kinetics of thepolymerisation processes, whereas UV/Vis detection ofpolymerisation products separated by SEC led to false positiveresults. The SEC-14C method could also be applied forother complex processes where polymerisation ordepolymerisation occurs (humification, degradation oflignocellulose, formation of bound residues from xenobioticssuch as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) and where spectrophotometric determinationsare difficult or impossible. 相似文献