Cr(VI)离子在TiO2表面的吸附与光催化还原消除

随着体系pH值增大,Cr(VI)离子在TiO₂表面的吸附下降。当Cr(VI)离子初始浓度为300μmol/L时,其在TiO₂表面具有最大值吸附。H₂PO₄^-阴离子及乙酸的存在对Cr(VI)离子的吸附有阻抑作用,甲酸存在会提高Cr(VI)离子的吸附。Cr(VI)离子在TiO₂半导体催化剂表面的光催化还原受体系的酸度影响较大。H₂PO₄^-阴离子或Mn²⁺离子存在会降低Cr(VI)离子的光催化还原效率。在太阳光照下,Cr(VI)离子在TiO₂上的光催化还原也可实现。通过调节反应结束后水溶液的酸碱度,Cr(VI)离子得以消除。反应后催化剂经酸处理,其活性恢复并可重复使用。     

半导体光催化技术净化氮氧化物研究进展

氮氧化物(NO_x)是形成臭氧和二次气溶胶的重要前体物之一,开发高效的NO_x控制技术对我国大气污染防治具有重要意义。光催化技术作为一种新型的高级氧化技术,对环境浓度水平的空气污染物具有良好的去除效果,是当前研究的热点。本文总结了近年来光催化材料对污染物NO_x催化降解的研究进展,包括:(1)讨论了NO_x光催化氧化去除机理;(2)详细综述了提高光催化材料性能的三大主要措施:增强催化剂的光吸收效率,提升载流子分离和迁移效率以及构筑表面活性位;(3)阐述了半导体光催化技术在净化空气方面的应用,并指出光催化技术在去除NO_x方面的发展前景。     

用光触媒抑制淡水藻类增殖作用的研究

为维护和改善湖水、水库等大型蓄水设施的水质而寻找一种新的方法,在人工的明／暗光照射条件下,探讨了运用粉末状TiO2作为光触媒,抑制各种淡水藻类增殖的效果。粉末状的TiO2,在100mg／L的浓度下,对蓝藻的铜绿微囊藻原变种、鱼腥藻和绿藻的空星藻有明显的抑制增殖的效果;而对硅藻的钝脆杆藻,在此条件下则没有效果。     

TiO2晶须在深度净化饮用水过程中失活原因分析

研究了TiO₂晶须在光催化深度净化饮用水过程中失活的原因及相应的再生方法.对TiO₂薄膜失活前后的AFM、XRD表征,以及对失活前后TiO₂晶须酸洗液的ICP分析表明,TiO₂晶须失活的主要原因是难溶性碳酸钙在催化剂表面的沉积.由于自来水中钙离子的存在以及有机物光催化降解过程中产生的二氧化碳,生成的难溶性碳酸钙覆盖在催化剂的表面,影响了紫外光的透光率,限制了光生电子和光生空穴的生成,导致催化剂的光催化能力逐渐下降直至失活;失活的催化剂通过1 mol/L的盐酸酸洗4　h后,光催化活性可以恢复到95%左右;多次失活/再生的催化剂的光催化活性保持较好的稳定性.     

Photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol under P-modified TiO2/UV system:Kinetics, intermediates, phytotoxicity and acute toxicity

A series of phosphorus-modified titanium dioxide samples with varying P/Ti atomic ratio were conveniently prepared via a conventional solgel route. The effects of phosphorus content and calcination temperature on the crystalline structure, grain growth, surface area, and the photocatalytic activity of P-modified TiO₂ were investigated. The XRD results showed that P species slow down the particle growth of anatase and increase the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation temperature to more than 900℃. Kinetic studies on the P-modified TiO₂ to degraded 4-chlorophenol had found that the TP5₅₀₀ prepared by adopting a P/Ti atomic ratio equal to 0.05 and calcined at 500℃ had an apparent rate constant equal to 0.0075 min^-1, which is superior to the performance of a commercial photocatalyst Degussa P25 K_app = 0.0045 min^-1 and of unmodified TiO₂ (TP0₅₀₀) K_app = 0.0022 min^-1. From HPLC analyses, various hydroxylated intermediates formed during oxidation had been identified, including hydroquinone (HQ), benzoquinone (BQ) and (4CC) 4-chlorocatechol as main products. Phytotoxicity was assessed before and after irradiation against seed germination of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) whereas acute toxicity was assessed by using Folsomia candida as the test organism. Intermediates products were all less toxic than 4-chlorophenol and a significant removal of the overall toxicity was accomplished     

Kinetics study of photocatalytic process for treatment of phenolic wastewater by TiO2 nano powder immobilized on concrete surfaces

In this study, kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of phenolic wastewater in immobilized photocatalytic reactor was investigated. Immobilization of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nano powders on concrete surfaces were accomplished with epoxy concrete sealer. Kinetics of photocatalytic reactions has been proposed to follow the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model in different initial phenol concentration, pH, and UV lamp intensity. First-order reaction kinetics with respect to the pollutant concentration was obtained for the reaction. Effect of UV lamp intensity showed that kinetic constants were proportional to the power of 0.73–1 of the photonic flow. In all cases kinetic constant increases as pH of the system reached up to 12 units. Several reaction intermediates were identified using the GC/Mass analysis. Products at the initial stage of the reaction were aromatic compounds, contained hydroquinone, benzoquinone, and catechol. These intermediates underwent further photocatalytic oxidation to aliphatic compounds and finally into CO₂ and H₂O after 4?h. Kinetic constants of intermediate compounds were determined using mathematical–chemical equations and nonlinear regression. Data showed that the differences between the mathematical model and Langmuir–Hinshelwood model for the kinetic constant was less than 5%.     

TiO2光催化剂在污水处理中的应用

在污水处理方面TiO2光催化剂以其独特的氧化活性、光学性能和无机化能力引起了人们极大的关注.对TiO2光催化原理、农药、染料和环境荷尔蒙等有机污染物的分解,提高催化效率的方法以及其实用技术等方面,分别作了综合评述.     

纳米TiO_2在环境应用方面的研究进展

纳米TiO2具有很强的光催化活性,在环境保护领域有广阔的应用前景。文章综述了纳米TiO2的制备方法和纳米TiO2改性的研究进展以及在环境保护中的应用,并提出今后的研究方向。     

Ag-AgIO3改性BiOI光催化剂湿法脱除气态单质汞

采用沉积沉淀-光还原法制备了不同AgIO₃含量的BiOI光催化剂,利用X射线衍射、N₂吸附-脱附、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和电子自旋共振对其物理化学结构进行表征,在光催化反应器上研究了AgIO₃负载量、光照、溶液温度、pH值、SO₂和NO对气态单质汞（Hg⁰）去除性能的影响.结果表明,与BiOI相比,Ag-AgIO₃改性后光催化剂的脱汞性能大幅提高.当AgIO₃负载量为4wt.%时,光催化剂的脱汞效率高达98%.与NO相比,SO₂对脱汞性能的抑制作用更大.由于Ag和AgIO₃在BiOI表面的高度分散性,Ag-AgIO₃（4%） BiOI的可见光吸收性能明显提高.荧光灯辐照与Ag-AgIO₃/BiOI光催化剂协同会产生大量的活性物种.在Ag-AgIO₃/BiOI光催化剂的高效脱汞体系中,超氧阴离子自由基（·O₂^-）为最主要的活性物质,而空穴（h⁺）和羟基自由基（·OH）次之.