偶极子探头的低频特性分析

宽带电磁探头是电磁兼容测量中的一个重要器件。对宽带探头进行分析需要求解矩阵方程。对于目前所用的计算电磁学全波方法,当在低频计算的时候,会遇到阻抗矩阵奇异性的问题。针对低频阻抗矩阵奇异性问题,采用奇异值分解的方法求解矩量法方程。对比广义本征值方法,计算仿真分析表明,奇异值分解方法与广义本征值方法一样,可以有效地解决低频奇异性的问题。     

钼冶炼工艺的循环经济探讨

钼是重要的稀有金属之一,主要通过氧化分解辉钼矿来提取。我国普遍使用反射炉、回转窑等焙烧设备生产氧化钼,造成了严重的SO2污染和资源浪费问题。为改变辉钼矿焙烧分解工艺的污染状况,硝酸高压分解、碱性高压氧分解、次氯酸钠分解和电氧化分解等辉钼矿湿法工艺相继被开发出来。但是这工艺往往只关注在如何获取金属钼等资源,而忽视了辉钼矿中占40%的硫资源。从循环经济角度分析了不同辉钼矿分解工艺的物质流向,探讨符合清洁生产和循环经济精神的工艺革新方向,提出了纯氧氧化焙烧和浓硫酸氧化两种新工艺。     

Novel Co-Mg-Al-Ti-O catalyst derived from hydrotalcite-like compound for NO storage/decomposition

Catalysts of Co_1.5Mg_1.5/Al_0.9Ti_0.1O and Co_1.5Mg_1.5/AlO were successfully prepared by calcinations of corresponding hydrotalcite-like compounds at 800℃ for 4 hr. The derived oxides were of spinel phase and a small quantity of Ti substitution did not change the crystal purity. Their catalytic performance for the NO storage/decomposition was investigated. Ti incorporation enhanced the NO decomposition activity while has an opposite effect on the storage capacity of catalyst. In situ FT-IR spectra of the catalysts showed that the final adsorption species on the catalysts was coordinated nitrates/nitrites. In addition, NO storage/decomposition mechanism has been discussed on the basis of these observations.     

纳米TiO_2纤维的制备及其光催化降解甲醛研究

以胶原纤维为模板制备纳米TiO2纤维用于光助催化降解甲醛气体,用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和N2吸附-脱附技术对纳米TiO2纤维进行了表征。结果表明,纳米TiO2纤维的比表面积为11.33 m2/g,晶型为锐钛矿型。在相同催化反应条件下纳米TiO2纤维对甲醛气体的催化降解率与商品纳米TiO(2Degussa P25)催化剂相当。纳米TiO2纤维的用量、甲醛气体初始浓度是影响催化效果的两个因素。当甲醛气体初始浓度为0.270 mg/m3,相对湿度为38%,气体流速0.1 L/min,纳米TiO2纤维用量为1.0 g时,甲醛的降解率达到96%。因此,纳米TiO2纤维可用于室内甲醛气体的催化降解。     

高指数晶面TiO2对铬的吸附及光催化去除

由工业生产引起的铬污染是环境领域面临的一大挑战.二氧化钛(TiO_2)材料因其吸附催化的双重作用在铬的去除方面具有潜在应用前景.利用溶剂热法合成高指数晶面TiO_2{201},对其进行SEM、TEM、XRD及XPS表征,并用于Cr(Ⅲ/Ⅵ)的吸附及Cr(Ⅵ)的光催化还原,以达到从水体中去除铬的目的.所合成的TiO_2{201}为锐钛矿相,呈蒲公英状的层级结构. Langmuir吸附等温线结果表明,TiO_2{201}对Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的最大吸附量分别为22. 7 mg·g-1和13. 2 mg·g-1,Freundlich模型拟合结果表明TiO_2{201}对Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附均易于进行,其1/n均小于0. 5.在紫外光照条件下,TiO_2{201}作为光催化剂可将毒性较强且吸附去除效果较差的Cr(Ⅵ)还原成Cr(Ⅲ),并以Cr(OH)3及Cr2O3的形式沉淀在TiO_2表面,XPS表征结果进一步证实了表面沉淀的存在.为探明TiO_2{201}光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)的机制,分别研究光生空穴淬灭剂(EDTA-2Na)和光生电子淬灭剂(KBr O3)对Cr(Ⅵ)还原效率的影响,证明Cr(Ⅵ)的还原是由光生电子引起.     

闽江口秋茄红树林凋落物产量及分解动态

于2017年以闽江口粗芦岛秋茄(Kandelia obovata)红树林为研究对象,分别采用凋落物收集框和分解袋法,研究秋茄凋落物产量及其碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量月动态及凋落叶分解过程中C、N、P含量与水解酶活性.结果表明:①秋茄凋落物年产量为618.79 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1),其中,叶占61.2%,果、枝和花分别占23.7%、10.5%和4.6%.②凋落叶总氮(TN)含量8月显著高于其他月份(p0.05),而TP含量在1—3月显著高于其他月份;C/N在8月显著低于其他月份(p0.05),而C/P及N/P在9月显著升高(p0.05).③在凋落叶分解过程中,C、N、P含量及其化学计量比随时间存在明显差异(p0.01),并且地上组TC、TN、C/N和C/P明显不同于地下组(p0.05).④在分解过程中,4种水解酶随时间存在明显差异(p0.01).⑤凋落叶酸性磷酸酶活性与土壤温度、电导率和凋落叶TP含量存在显著相关关系(p0.01).这些结果说明,秋茄凋落物产量及元素含量随季节变化存在明显差异;沉积作用对凋落叶分解过程中元素含量有显著影响,水解酶活性主要受凋落叶元素含量和土壤环境因子的控制.     

基于数据分解的AQI的CEEMD-Elman神经网络预测研究

针对Elman神经网络在预测空气质量指数（AQI）时易受到数据非平稳性的影响导致预测趋势良好但准确度较低的问题,提出以互补集合经验模态分解（Complementary Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,CEEMD）为基础的CEEMD-Elman模型.应用CEEMD对AQI序列分解成不同时间尺度上的本征模态函数分量和剩余分量,进而首次将对非平稳的AQI序列的预测研究转化为对多个平稳的本征模态函数分量的研究.分别与Elman单一模型、EMD-Elman模型、BP单一模型及CEEMD-BP模型进行实验对比.结果表明：应用该方法建立的模型的均方误差、平均绝对误差和平均绝对百分比误差分别为4.80、0.71、1.84%,均小于其他模型结果;对应空气质量等级预报正确天数的频率为94.12%.该模型能有效的降低非平稳性对实验预测结果的影响,实现对空气质量等级的准确预报;该研究为进一步预测AQI的走向提供了有效依据,也为政府决策和管理部门制定空气污染控制提供了更充分的参考.     

Facile synthesis of Ag-modified manganese oxide for effective catalytic ozone decomposition

O₃ decomposition catalysts with excellent performance still need to be developed. In this study, Ag-modified manganese oxides (AgMnO_x) were synthesized by a simple co-precipitation method. The effect of calcination temperature on the activity of MnO_x and AgMnO_x catalysts was investigated. The effect of the amount of Ag addition on the activity and structure of the catalysts was further studied by activity testing and characterization by a variety of techniques. The activity of 8%AgMnO_x for ozone decomposition was significantly enhanced due to the formation of the Ag_1.8Mn₈O₁₆ structure, indicating that this phase has excellent performance for ozone decomposition. The weight content of Ag_1.8Mn₈O₁₆ in the 8%AgMnO_x catalyst was only about 33.76%, which further indicates the excellent performance of the Ag_1.8Mn₈O₁₆ phase for ozone decomposition. The H₂ temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) results indicated that the reducibility of the catalysts increased due to the formation of the Ag_1.8Mn₈O₁₆ structure. This study provides guidance for a follow-up study on Ag-modified manganese oxide catalysts for ozone decomposition.     

大型电子设备机架气流分解方法研究

目的研究分析一种分解大型电子设备机架风冷气流条件的方法。方法以温差和Nu数作为描述传热效果的参数,使用相似对流的方法,使分解夹具中模块两侧的气流传热效果等效于大型机架中模块两侧的气流传热效果。结果气流在分解后,其在分解夹具中的冷却效果等效于分解前其在大型机架中的冷却效果。结论该分解方法能够有效地进行风冷气流条件分解,可以应用于实际工程。     

Internal eutrophication: How it works and what to do about it—a review

In the 1980s and 1990s, it became increasingly clear that changes in external nutrient loads alone could not entirely explain the severe eutrophication of surface waters in the Netherlands. Nowadays, 'internal eutrophication' has become a widely accepted term in Dutch water management practice to describe the eutrophication of an ecosystem without additional external input of nutrients (N, P, K). This review surveys the principal mechanisms involved in this process. It also discusses possible remedies to combat internal eutrophication.