改性微管氮化碳的制备及光催化性能

以三聚氰胺、固体亚磷酸H₃PO₃为原料,通过水热-煅烧法制备了不同质量比的磷掺杂且具有层状堆积结构的六方管状氮化碳（MTCN-x）,x为固体亚磷酸与三聚氰胺的质量比.采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、比表面积分析仪（BET）、荧光光谱（PL）和紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-vis DRS）对最佳质量比X=1.2（MTCN-1.2）和不添加固体亚磷酸X=0（MTCN-0）催化剂形貌结构和光学性能进行了表征,结果表明,磷掺杂抑制了催化剂晶粒的生长,缩小了能带宽度,增加了可见光响应范围及可见光的利用率,有效的抑制了光生电子－空穴的复合,显著增强了光催化性能.通过光降解实验表明,MTCN-1.2在10min对抗生素环丙沙星（CIP）和四环素（TCL）的降解率分别为99.7%和97.8%,其反应速率常数分别是普通氮化碳（BCN）的10.5倍和6.8倍,表明改性的MTCN-1.2具有比MTCN-0、BCN更好的光催化降解性能.同时分别考察了溶液pH值、催化剂投加量、腐殖酸（HA）浓度等因素对光催化降解抗生素的影响,结果表明,CIP与TCL降解效果最佳的pH值分别为5和9.催化剂投加量的过高和HA浓度的升高,都会造成光催化效率的下降.自由基捕获实验证明,该催化体系降解过程中超氧自由基（·O^2-）和空穴（h⁺）占主导作用.     

Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) probe for effectively sampling of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in waters and sediments

The passive sampling technique, diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) has attracted increasing interests as an in-situ sampler for organic contaminants including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, its effectiveness has been questioned because of the small effective sampling area (3.1 cm²). In this study, we developed a DGT probe for rapid sampling of eight PFAS in waters and applied it to a water-sediment system. It has a much larger sampling area (27 cm²) and as a result lower method quantification limits (0.15 – 0.21 ng/L for one-day deployment and 0.02 – 0.03 ng/L for one-week deployment) and much higher (by > 10 factors) sampling rate (100 mL/day) compared to the standard DGT (piston configuration). The sampler could linearly accumulate PFAS from wastewater, was sensitive enough even for a 24 hr deployment with performance comparable to grab sampling (500 mL). The DGT probe provided homogeneous sampling performance along the large exposure area. The use of the probe to investigate distributions of dissolved PFAS around the sediment-water interface was demonstrated. This work, for the first time, demonstrated that the DGT probe is a promising monitoring tool for trace levels of PFAS and a research tool for studying their distribution, migration, and fate in aquatic environments including the sediment-water interface.     

光催化还原法处理含cr（Ⅵ）废水的研究

采用自制TiO2作为光催化剂,利用光催化-混凝联合处理含Cr（Ⅵ）废水,研究了废水的pH值、催化剂用量、反应时间、有机物和混凝剂种类对含Cr（Ⅵ）废水中Cr（Ⅵ）去除率的影响。结果表明,在添加EDTA,pH值为1,紫外灯120min左右,二氧化钛加入量为0．4g,采用FeCl3和PAM作为混凝剂时,Cr（Ⅵ）的去除效率最好。     

用TiO2-Ag-改性膨润土复合催化剂光催化氧化处理染料废水

制备了一种Ti02-Ag-改性膨润土复合催化剂，用该催化剂对直接黑L-N和直接铜蓝BR染料废水进行了光催化氧化处理，取得了较好的实验效果。     

新型纳米材料光催化反应器研究

为了充分发挥纳米材料的光催化性能,研制了一种带有旋转叶片且可负载光催化纳米材料的光催化反应器.并以制备的纳米TiO2/硅藻土复合材料作为光催化剂、TNT生产废水为处理对象,考察了催化材料附载量、废水浓度和多次重复使用对反应器催化降解效率的影响.结果表明:附载有光催化纳米材料的反应器经过6次6h重复使用,对TNT生产废水催化降解效率仍然保持在75%以上,远高于直接分散在废水中纳米材料的处理效率(47.25%),即多次重复使用并保持高降解效率;而且可较好地避免纳米光催化材料的团聚.避免因回收造成的纳米材料光催化效率降低以及回收不完全造成的水体二次污染等现象.     

固定化光催化技术及其适用水处理反应器研究进展

光催化技术因其较高的催化活性和低廉的价格已经被水处理业内广泛采用．但是粉末催化剂的明显缺点制约了其工业化应用,因此固定化光催化技术应运而生。通过收集国内外资料．对于光催化固定技术应用的两个关键因素——固定方法和适用的反应器的发展进行了介绍。当固定的同时催化剂活性不大幅下降．且采用适合于该种载体的反应器,固定化光催化技术在水处理领域有着广阔的应用前景。     

Parameters effect on heterogeneous photocatalysed degradation of phenol in aqueous dispersion of TiO_2

In this study, photocatalytic degradation of phenol selected as model compound of organic pollutant had been investigated in aqueous titanium dioxide (TiO2) dispersion under UV irradiation. The effects of various parameters such as pH, catalyst concentration, phenol concentration, anions, metal ions, electron acceptors, and surfactants on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol were investigated. The degradation kinetics was determined by the change in phenol concentration employing UV-Vis spectrometry as a function of irradiation time. The degradation kinetics of phenol follows pseudo first-order kinetics. The results showed a significant dependence of the photocatalytic degradation of phenol on the functional parameters. The probable promising roles of the additives on the degradation process were discussed.     

纳米TiO_2的溶胶-微波法合成及其光催化性能研究

以钛酸四正丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法、溶胶-水热法及溶胶-微波法三种方法合成出纳米TiO2,借助XRD、UV-Vis吸收光谱等测试手段对其进行了表征,并以甲基橙为模型污染物,考察了样品的光催化性能。物相分析表明,所得样品均为锐钛矿相TiO2,与其它两种方法相比,溶胶-微波法合成的样品衍射峰明显宽化,强度明显降低,说明该法合成出纳米TiO2粒径较小;UV-Vis吸收光谱表明,溶胶-微波法合成的样品在可见光区和紫外光区对光均呈现更强的吸收,说明该法合成的粉末对光具有更高的利用率。光催化实验表明,溶胶-微波法合成样品的光催化活性高于另两种方法,紫外灯连续照射5h,甲基橙溶液脱色率为99.06%。此外,将该样品用于延安卷烟厂蒸叶车间废水的光催化氧化处理,效果较好,太阳光照射3d后COD去除率为77.4%。     

Role of the reduction site in the fluorinated or sulfated TiO2 photocatalytic process

In this article,the effects of TiO_2 surface fluorination and sulfation,on the active oxygen species formed at the reduction site in the photocatalytic process,namely O_2~(?) and H_2O_2,were investigated from a new perspective.The superoxide radical,(O_2~(?)),was determined by colorimetry of nitroblue tetrazolium,a prominent O_2~(?) scavenger.Hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2) was estimated by using the iodide-starch method.In the naked TiO_2 photocatalysis,O_2~(?) though less reactive,was a very important intermediate.When the TiO_2 surface was fluorinated,more O_2~(?) and H_2O_2 were produced,which indicated that the surface modification could greatly reduce the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes,thus enhancing the photocatalytic rate.In the sulfated system,photocatalysis proceeded with a more complicated mechanism.These results added support to the view of fluoride-induced enhancement and sulfide's nonappreciable inhibition effect.     

室内空气中挥发性有机污染物治理对策

近年来,室内空气污染问题得到越来越多的重视,人们意识到维持良好室内空气环境的重要性,如何有效地治理室内空气污染成为了目前迫切关注的问题。文章对室内空气污染以及几种净化技术做了系统的综述,阐述了室内空气污染物的来源、危害,客观地评价了目前室内空气传统污染治理方法如通风换气、物理吸附法、化学吸收法、臭氧净化法,以及催化氧化法等空气净化技术的优缺点及空气净化技术的发展趋势,提出不同室内空气污染的分类,并针对不同的分类提出相应的方法,对污染治理进行指导。