汽车尾气净化催化剂研究进展

介绍了汽车尾气净化催化剂的发展过程、三效催化剂的净化原理以及催化剂的组成等.     

A Sensitivity Analysis of Ozone Formation to Ambient Air Composition by Means of Photochemical Models

The prediction of the atmospheric concentration of ozoneand of other photochemical pollutants represents one of themajor scientific challenges in the study of urban airquality. To this aim, photochemical models are widelyapplied as support tools for regulatory purposes, but theirresults are known to be affected by several uncertainties,in boundary conditions, geographical and meteorologicaldata and the chemical composition of emission and ambientair as well. Also the mechanism selected to describe theurban chemistry may lead to large differences in the modelresults. In this work, the influence of ambient air composition onthe results of photochemical model has been studied using a simple Lagrangian trajectory model coupled with different chemical sub-models (CB-IV and a simplified version of EMEP). To this aim a parametric sensitivity study of ozone with respect to its precursors' concentration was performed withreference to the same meteorological conditions and by simulatingdifferent scenarios characterized by specific emitted pollutantsconcentration. Rather than analyzing sensitivity by changing initial composition, an analytical local sensitivity concept has been applied; this allowed evaluation the influence of initial concentration on the predicted ozone concentration andto discriminate between VOC-sensitive and NOx-sensitive kineticregimes. Finally, these results have been successfully comparedwith those obtained applying the concept of photochemical indicators (i.e. O₃/NOy and H₂O₂/HNO₃ ratios).     

氧化改性活性炭催化脱除NO的性能

将活性炭（AC）应用于烟气脱硝中,其自身损耗和脱硝效率是关注焦点。采用不同氧化剂（KMnO4、HNO3、（NH4）2S2O8和H2O2）对AC进行氧化改性,对所得催化剂进行了TG、FTIR、H2-TPR和XPS表征,并对其脱NO活性进行了评价。对AC进行浸渍回流处理,可使AC表面含氧官能团增加,尤其是羧基和羰基等酸性含氧官能团。TG分析结果表明：在没有O2存在时,催化剂表面的O会与NO发生反应,导致催化剂自身损耗;在O2存在时,NO主要与O2中的O反应,因而在一定温度范围内不会发生催化剂自身损耗;同时AC表面的含氧官能团能加速NO的化学吸附活化,从而提高催化剂的脱NO活性。KMnO4改性的AC在180 ℃具有高催化活性,这归因于催化剂表面丰富的含氧官能团以及高价态Mn的存在。     

低浓度有机废气纳米TiO2光催化处理技术

对常用有机废气净化技术进行了比较分析,以活性炭过滤网的强吸附性复合TiO2光催化剂研究为主,分析了纳米TiO2光催化处理低浓度有机废气的反应原理,叙述了几种常见负载型TiO2光催化剂的制备方法,影响TiO2光催化效率的因数及提高TiO2光催化剂的催化性能方式.     

阳极材料对苯酚废水处理效果的影响研究

应用自制电化学反应器研究了不同阳极材料对苯酚废水的电催化氧化处理效果的影响.实验结果表明,在相同的实验条件下,钛基RuO2和钛基SnO2种新型阳极处理苯酚废水的电催化氧化效果要远好过传统的阳极材料石墨.     

Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Boundary-Layer Evolution on the Predictions of Ozone and the Efficacy of Emission Control Options in the Northeastern United States

This paper examines the effects of two different planetary boundary-layer (PBL) parameterization schemes – Blackadar and Gayno–Seaman – on the predicted ozone (O₃) concentration fields using the MM5 (Version 3.3) meteorological model and the MODELS-3 photochemical model. The meteorological fields obtained from the two boundary-layer schemes have been used to drive the photochemical model to simulate O₃ concentrations in the northeastern United States for a three-day O₃ episodic period. In addition to large differences in the predicted O₃ levels at individual grid cells, the simulated daily maximum 1-h O₃ concentrations appear at different regions of the modeling domain in these simulations, due to the differences in the vertical exchange formulations in these two PBL schemes. Using process analysis, we compared the differences between the different simulations in terms of the relative importance of chemical and physical processes to O₃ formation and destruction over the diurnal cycle. Finally, examination of the photochemical model's response to reductions in emissions reveals that the choice of equally valid boundary-layer parameterizations can significantly influence the efficacy of emission control strategies.     

低浓度软锰矿浆烟气脱硫过程中的催化作用

通过对SO2-4浓度的分析,研究了低浓度软锰矿浆烟气脱硫过程中的液相和固相催化作用.研究表明:低浓度软锰矿浆中Fe(Ⅱ,Ⅲ)的浸出率很低(＜ 7%),致使Fe(Ⅱ,Ⅲ)离子的液相催化作用和Mn(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅱ,Ⅲ)离子间的液相协同作用不明显.该过程中实际生成的so2-4主要来自3个方面:MnO2的直接氧化还原作用,Mn(Ⅱ)的液相催化作用以及软锰矿固相组分的催化作用.其中,Mn(Ⅱ)的液相催化作用始终占据主导地位;MnO2的直接氧化还原作用与固相催化作用相比,在20 min前有明显的优势,而20 min后则几乎可以忽略不计.     

紫外光和活性炭对有机物臭氧化的协同催化作用

以城市二级出水中微量有机污染物为处理的目标物质,通过静态试验分别考察了不同催化条件下臭氧对水中有机污染物的降解效果.结果表明:协同催化反应器对水体在254 nm处紫外吸光度(E₂₅₄)的去除率达87.40%,对COD_Cr的去除率可达59.79%,对臭氧的利用率可达到91.4%,因此,254 nm紫外光和活性炭对水中微量有机污染物的臭氧化过程具有协同催化作用,并大大提高了系统对臭氧的利用率;受OH－影响,碱性条件下O₃/UV/C工艺对COD_Cr和E₂₅₄的去除效果好于中性和酸性条件;不同自由基捕捉剂对臭氧化过程的影响证明,在紫外光和活性炭的协同催化作用下,臭氧分解出以羟基自由基为主的多种氧化性自由基,因此水中有机污染物的氧化降解是多种自由基反应的结果.      

NO催化氧化的初步研究

利用一套小型动态试验装置进行配气实验，分析了一系列金属氧化物对气体中低浓度ＮＯ转化率的催化活性顺序为Ｃｒ＞Ｆｅ＞Ｃｏ＞Ｍｎ＞Ｃｕ，并对其综合影响进行了分析。通过实验总结出适宜的反应条件及催化剂配方，为以后研究提供了重要的数据资料。     

电催化降解废水中阴离子表面活性剂的研究

本文以十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基磺酸钠为研究对象,在最佳的物理化学条件下,利用紫外光谱、红外光谱和气相色谱-质谱联用等仪器分析和化学分析的方法研究了电催化降解新技术去除废水中阴离子表面活性剂的机理.实验结果表明.在羟基自由基(@OH)的氧化分解作用下,十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基碘酸钠先降解为丁烷,最终均矿化为CO2、H2O和SO42-.