甲烷光化学反应机理模式模拟研究

应用可抽真空的、带有LP－FTIR的光化学烟雾箱进行甲烷光化学反应机理模式模拟。大气压下,在烟雾箱中进行CH₄－空气和CH₄－O₃－空气体系的实验。基于实验数据,应用PKSS模式计算甲烷光化学反应的机理,计算的反应机理与实验数据吻合。     

Fe2+和Fe3+在4-氯酚光化学反应中性质的相似性

研究在光照条件下,２０ｍｇ／ｌ４－氯酚＋１ｍｇ／ＬＦｅ＾２＋（体系Ａ）和２０ｇ／Ｌ４－氯酚＋１ｍｇＦｅ＾３＋（体系Ｂ）中Ｆｅ＾２＋和Ｆｅ＾３＋的浓度变化,通过离子色谱手段,在体系Ａ中能够同时检测出Ｆｅ＾２＋,在体系Ｂ中亦能够同时检测到Ｆｅ＾２＋,故Ｆｅ＾２＋和Ｆｅ＾２＋在４－氯酚光化学反应中的性质,表现出相似性。     

生物酶催化技术在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用

针对垃圾渗滤液的特性及目前处理工艺普遍无法达标的问题,提出应用生物酶催化技术处理垃圾渗滤液的方法,可以高效迅速降解污染物,提高污染物去除效率,减少投资及处理费用,为垃圾渗滤液处理的技术升级与工艺探索提供新思路。     

上海臭氧及前体物变化特征与相关性研究

于2010年1~12月期间,在上海城区内采用在线连续观测,分析该地区近地臭氧与其前体物的季节变化规律及相关性,探讨了臭氧浓度与OX和NO₂光解速率之间的关系。结果表明,观测期间,上海地区O₃总超标天数为13天,超标率为3.56%。O₃浓度变化呈现明显的秋冬低、春夏高的季节变化。O₃浓度日变化规律呈典型单峰变化,O₃各前体物呈双峰形分布,冬季O₃与NO_X的相关性最强。对OX的贡献中,秋冬以NO₂为主,春夏以O₃为主;夜间以NO₂为主,白天以O₃为主。臭氧浓度与OX和NO₂光解速率变化规律基本一致。     

Comparison of Catalytic Degradation of Aniline by Immobilized Iron Oxide Catalysts

Abstract In this study, iron oxides immobilized onto silica and alumina granular carriers in a fluidized-bed reactor were applied as silica granule (SG) and alumina granule (AG) catalysts, respectively; the SG and AG catalysts were used to explore the catalytic decomposition of H2O2. Effects of H2O2 concentration and temperature on the oxidation of aniline were determined to compare the reactive efficiencies of the SG and AG catalysts. Results showed that H2O2 decomposition could be efficiently catalyzed by the SG and AG catalysts. Degradation rates of aniline increased with increasing H2O2 concentration and temperature in both catalyst systems. The AG catalyst (smaller particle size) had more surface sites for precipitation of iron oxide than the SG catalyst (larger particle size). Consequently, in the initial stages of the reaction, hydroxyl radicals (?OH) were generated more rapidly with the AG catalyst than with the SG catalyst and the degradation of aniline by the AG catalyst was faster than that by ...     

Review of heterogeneous photochemical reactions of NOy on aerosol－A possible daytime source of nitrous acid (HONO) in the atmosphere

As an important precursor of hydroxyl radical, nitrous acid (HONO) plays a key role in the chemistry of the lower atmosphere. Recent atmospheric measurements and model calculations show strong enhancement for HONO formation during daytime, while they are inconsistent with the known sources in the atmosphere, suggesting that current models are lacking important sources for HONO. In this article, heterogeneous photochemical reactions of nitric acid/nitrate anion and nitrogen oxide on various aerosols were reviewed and their potential contribution to HONO formation was also discussed. It is demonstrated that HONO can be formed by photochemical reaction on surfaces with deposited HNO3 , by photocatalytic reaction of NO2 on TiO2 or TiO2 -containing materials, and by photochemical reaction of NO2 on soot, humic acids or other photosensitized organic surfaces. Although significant uncertainties still exist in the exact mechanisms and the yield of HONO, these additional sources might explain daytime observations in the atmosphere.     

活性炭催化臭氧氧化处理染料废水生化出水研究

采用饱和活性炭作为臭氧氧化催化剂,对染料废水生化出水进行深度处理.以废水COD、DOC去除率为指标,考察饱和活性炭对臭氧的催化效果.使用6种不同的活性炭作为催化剂(编号1^#~6^#),并将6^#活性炭采用KMnO₄、NaOH、ZnCl₂、H₂SO₄、H₃PO₄进行表面处理,在活性炭的孔体积、酸碱基团等表面性质测定的基础上,探讨活性炭性质与催化臭氧化效率的关系.结果显示,活性炭催化效果与大孔体积密切相关;另一方面,使用微孔膜片减小臭氧气泡尺寸,增大臭氧的传质面积,提高臭氧利用率,可以改善臭氧/活性炭催化氧化处理效果.     

Fe3O4/FeS2活化H2O2降解典型苯胂酸类污染物

利用水热法成功制备了Fe₃O₄/FeS₂催化剂,并将其用于构建非均相芬顿体系降解典型的苯胂酸类污染物（洛克沙胂,ROX）.XRD、SEM、XPS和磁学测量系统（VSM）等表征结果表明,Fe₃O₄/FeS₂呈明显的颗粒状且具有良好的磁性.降解实验结果显示,在最优条件下（初始pH值为4.5、ROX起始浓度为20mg/L、Fe₃O₄/FeS₂投加量为0.15g/L和H₂O₂浓度为0.034g/L,Fe₃O₄/FeS₂介导的非均相芬顿体系可以超快速降解ROX,1min后的降解效率达到96.74%,明显优于单独的Fe₃O₄或FeS₂体系.此外,Fe₃O₄/FeS₂可以通过磁铁进行快速回收利用,同时也具有良好的重复利用性能,使用3次后,ROX的降解效率仍超过80%.机理分析表明,Fe₃O₄/FeS₂能够快速地催化H₂O₂产生具有强氧化性的羟基自由基（·OH）.在·OH的作-用下,ROX分子结构中C-As、C-N和C-C等化学键发生断裂,发生脱砷、脱硝和开环等反应,进而生成一系列的有机产物（如酚类、醌类、小分子有机酸等）和无机产物（As （V）和NO₃^-）.之后,无机砷能够被吸附在催化剂表面,而有机产物则进一步被矿化.     

Enhanced activation of peroxydisulfate by strontium modified BiFeO3perovskite for ciprofloxacin degradation

A series of Sr-doped BiFeO₃ perovskites (Bi_1-xSr_xFeO₃, BSFO) fabricated via sol-gel method was applied as peroxydisulfate (PDS) activator for ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation. Various technologies were used to characterize the morphology and physicochemical features of prepared BSFO samples and the results indicated that Sr was successfully inserted into the perovskites lattice. The catalytic performance of BiFeO₃ was significantly boosted by strontium doping. Specifically, Bi_0.9Sr_0.1FeO₃ (0.1BSFO) exhibited the highest catalytic performance for PDS activation to remove CIP, where 95% of CIP (10 mg/L) could be degraded with the addition of 1 g/L 0.1BSFO and 1 mmol/L PDS within 60 min. Moreover, 0.1BSFO displayed high reusability and stability with lower metal leaching. Weak acidic condition was preferred to neutral and alkaline conditions in 0.1BSFO/PDS system. The boosted catalytic performance can be interpreted as the lower oxidation state of Fe and the existence of affluent oxygen vacancies generated by Sr doping, that induced the formation of singlet oxygen (¹O₂) which was confirmed as the dominant reactive species by radical scavenging studies and electron spin resonance (ESR) tests. The catalytic oxidation mechanism related to major ¹O₂ and minor free radicals was proposed. Current study opens a new avenue to develop effective A-site modified perovskite and expands their application for PDS activation in wastewater remediation.     

KCeO_2MnPcX对表面活性剂的催化氧化性能研究

研究了一种新型含稀土酞菁锰(KCeO2MnPcX)催化剂对水中表面活性剂直链烷基苯磺酸钠氧化降解的催化性能,讨论了影响催化氧化反应的各种因素,并确定了最佳反应条件。同时初步探讨了这种催化剂对表面活性剂的催化氧化机理,为处理表面活性剂废水提供了新的途径。