紫外光协同CuO-TiO_2/Al_2O_3三维粒子电极电催化降解罗丹明B

自制了CuO-TiO_2/Al_2O_3粒子电极,对其进行了表征。在此基础上构建了紫外光协同三维粒子电极电催化体系降解水中的罗丹明B,考察了降解过程的影响因素、动力学及机理。表征结果显示,粒子电极具有良好的表面结构及有效催化成分。实验结果表明:在罗丹明B质量浓度20 mg/L、槽电压15 V、电流0.3 A、溶液pH 3.0、曝气量1.5 L/min、Fe~(2+)投加量0.5 mmol/L的条件下反应60 min,脱色率达96.29%;反应过程符合一级动力学方程,反应速率常数为0.060 mg/(L·min);紫外光的加入使溶液中H_2O_2的浓度降低约30%,促进了H_2O_2的分解。     

Brassinosteroid alleviates phenanthrene and pyrene phytotoxicity by increasing detoxification activity and photosynthesis in tomato

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of exogenously applied 24-epibrassinolide (BR) on growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant systems of tomato seedlings grown under different levels (0, 10, 30, 100 and 300 μM) of phenanthrene (PHE) and pyrene (PYR) in hydroponics. A concentration-dependent decrease in growth, photosynthetic pigment contents, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), maximal quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of PSII (Φ_PSII), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) has been observed following PHE and PYR exposure. By contrast, non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) was increased. PHE was found to induce higher stress than PYR. However, foliar or root application of BR (50 nM and 5 nM, respectively) alleviated all those depressions with a sharp improvement in the activity of photosynthetic machinery. The activities of guaicol peroxidase (GPOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) as well as content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased in a dose-dependent manner under PHE or PYR treatments. Compared with control the highest increments of GPOD, CAT, APX, GR and MDA by PHE/PYR alone treatments were observed following 300 μM concentration, which were 67%, 87%, 53%, 95% and 74% by PHE and 42%, 53%, 30%, 86% and 62% by PYR, respectively. In addition, both reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were induced by PHE or PYR. Interestingly, BR application in either form further increased enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants in tomato roots treated with PHE or PYR. Our results suggest that BR has an anti-stress effect on tomato seedlings contaminated with PHE or PYR and this effect is mainly attributed by increased detoxification activity.     

Pyrolysis of cellulose under catalysis of SAPO-34, ZSM-5, and Y zeolite via the Py-GC/MS method

Bio-oil from pyrolysis of biomass is an important renewable source for liquid fuel and/or for chemicals. However, the application of bio-oil was severely restricted due to its high viscosity, acidity, and low heating value. Hence, it is necessary to upgrade the bio-oil for deoxygenation or for chemicals by catalytic reactions. In this paper, the catalytic behaviors of SAPO-34, ZSM-5, and Y zeolite on pyrolysis of cellulose were investigated via pyrolyzer combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometer (Py-GC/MS) method in Py-mode. The results showed that ZSM-5 and Y zeolite could promote the conversions of oxygen-containing components to gases, water, aromatics, and phenols. Comparatively, more gas and water were generated under the catalysis of Y zeolite at lower temperatures, while at temperatures above 700°C, the effect of ZSM-5 became more distinct; aromatics were more generated under the catalysis of ZSM-5, while Y zeolite exerted a more distinct role in promoting the formation of phenols. The effect of SAPO-34 caused more water and furfural derivatives, less aromatics and phenols, and exerted a weak influence on gases.     

气体循环条件下等离子体催化氧化吸附态苯

采用气体循环方式,对低温等离子体联合Mn Ox-Ag Ox、Co Ox-Ce Ox复合金属氧化物催化剂催化氧化吸附态的苯进行研究,主要考察了苯吸附存储量、氧化背景气体、催化剂对苯氧化性能的影响,并分析了催化剂对O3及N2O副产物产生的影响规律。研究结果表明,采用气体循环方式,有助于实现苯充分氧化为CO2。相同条件下,COx产率、CO2选择性及对O3的分解能力大小依次为:Mn Ox-Ag Ox/γ-Al2O3Co Ox-Ce Ox/γ-Al2O3γ-Al2O3。氧气背景下,气体循环75 min后,Mn Ox-Ag Ox/γ-Al2O3及Co Ox-Ce Ox/γ-Al2O3催化剂存在时,CO2选择性大于95%;气体循环90 min后,与γ-Al2O3所对应的COx产率相比,Mn Ox-Ag Ox/γ-Al2O3、Co Ox-Ce Ox/γ-Al2O3分别提高了38%、17%。FT-IR分析结果表明,等离子体催化氧化苯的主要产物为CO2、CO和H2O,副产物为少量的O3及N2O。     

Cu~(2+)助芬顿法处理高浓度邻苯二甲酸二甲酯废水

Cu2+可以与H2O2发生类Fenton反应,用Fenton法处理同时含有难降解有机物和Cu2+的工业废水时,Cu2+对于Fenton氧化难降解有机物的反应具有促进作用。本实验在高浓度邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)和Cu2+组成的模拟工业废水中投加Fenton试剂(Fe2++H2O2),利用Cu2+辅助Fe2+催化Fenton反应氧化难降解有机物。通过正交实验,优选反应条件,并进行单因素实验,分析不同Cu2+浓度、初始H2O2浓度、H2O2∶Fe2+(摩尔比)、pH及温度对DMP去除率的影响,以确定最佳的反应条件,并对反应机理进行了初步探讨。当Cu2+浓度为10 mg/L、DMP浓度为250 mg/L、初始H2O2的浓度为499.5 mg/L、H2O2∶Fe2+的摩尔比为4∶1、温度为20℃时,DMP的去除率最高可达到98.67%。本研究为类芬顿法处理难降解有机物和重金属离子共存的复杂工业废水奠定了基础。     

甲烷光化学反应机理模式模拟研究

应用可抽真空的、带有LP－FTIR的光化学烟雾箱进行甲烷光化学反应机理模式模拟。大气压下,在烟雾箱中进行CH₄－空气和CH₄－O₃－空气体系的实验。基于实验数据,应用PKSS模式计算甲烷光化学反应的机理,计算的反应机理与实验数据吻合。     

我国大气光化学烟雾污染现状与监测网络构建建议

新《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095—2012)实施以来的监测结果表明,我国第一批实施新标准的74个重点城市光化学烟雾污染总体呈加重趋势,2016年O_3日最大8 h平均质量(O_3-8 h)浓度第90百分位数为154μg/m~3,其O_3超标天数比例平均达到8.6%,其中京津冀区域O_3-8 h第90百分位数为172μg/m~3,超过国家二级标准限值,O_3超标天数比例平均达到13.6%,京津冀区域已成为我国光化学烟雾污染最为严重的区域。为有效控制光化学烟雾污染,当前亟需构建我国的光化学烟雾污染监测网络,各地区应因地制宜,科学布设监测点位,拟设点位应涵盖城市主城区的上风向区域、主城区核心区O_3前体物浓度较高的区域、主城区边缘或外围O_3浓度较高区域、主城区下风向区域;监测项目方面应注意同步开展O_3、挥发性有机物(VOCs)和NO_x的监测;监测时段方面应重点关注4—9月我国光化学污染较为严重的时段,确保客观反映污染状况,为有效开展大气光化学烟雾污染防治提供技术支撑。     

Fe2+和Fe3+在4-氯酚光化学反应中性质的相似性

研究在光照条件下,２０ｍｇ／ｌ４－氯酚＋１ｍｇ／ＬＦｅ＾２＋（体系Ａ）和２０ｇ／Ｌ４－氯酚＋１ｍｇＦｅ＾３＋（体系Ｂ）中Ｆｅ＾２＋和Ｆｅ＾３＋的浓度变化,通过离子色谱手段,在体系Ａ中能够同时检测出Ｆｅ＾２＋,在体系Ｂ中亦能够同时检测到Ｆｅ＾２＋,故Ｆｅ＾２＋和Ｆｅ＾２＋在４－氯酚光化学反应中的性质,表现出相似性。     

生物膜与A/O工艺耦合快速降解氨氮

应用由城市污水处理厂序批式间歇反应器(SBR)中筛选得到的4株特殊氨氧化菌,分别在SBR和有回流的生物膜与A/O工艺耦合体系培养中,考察其降解低碳高氨氮废水的功能.结果表明,自养硝化与异养氨氧化菌的混合菌群较单一自养硝化菌株降解氨氮速率快;在生物膜与A/O工艺耦合系统中,自养硝化与异养氨氧化菌协同代谢加速氨氮氧化脱除,氨氮脱除速率远比SBR系统快.对生物膜与A/O工艺耦合系统中氨氮脱除动力学进行了研究,模拟了NH4 、NO2-质量浓度与氨氮脱除比速率之间的关系,模型得到了较好的验证.     

Mediterranean rural ozone characteristics around the urban area of Athens

A systematic analysis of surface ozone observations in rural areas surrounding Athens is presented. The analysis is based on ozone data for the rural station Aliartos about 80 km NW of Athens center and for two stations on the northern periphery of the Athens basin: Demokritos, located 10 km NE of Athens center and Liossia, 12 km to the north. The data for these two stations are screened for cases of strong air flow from rural areas. Average hourly summer afternoon ozone mixing ratios are similar for all three stations about 60 ppb and thus exceed for the hours 12:00–20:00 LST the 55 ppb WHO guideline for human health for 8 h ozone exposure. The corresponding winter afternoon mixing ratios are at 35 ppb. However, due to the large diurnal variation, mean monthly ozone mixing ratios at Aliartos, for the months April–September vary from 32 to 40 ppb, which is comparable to the higher average ozone levels at rural stations in south-central Europe. In cases of southerly air flow in the summer in the Athens basin, afternoon ozone levels at Demokritos and Liossia are generally the highest of any in the monitoring network. Hourly average concentrations, however, are only 40% greater than rural values. A background ozone level of such magnitude will have a significant impact on estimates for the effectiveness of pollution control measures for Athens.