敏化剂特性及其耦合微波强化污泥破解研究

采用污泥活性炭（SAC）、TiO₂/SAC、Fe₃O₄/SAC作为敏化剂,结合微波处理技术对污泥进行了预处理,通过分析滤液中COD、DNA、氮、磷、有机物的含量及组分,探索微波+敏化剂的最佳处理条件.SAC负载TiO₂和Fe₃O₄后强化了其对电磁波的介电损耗和磁滞损耗,tan δ_ε分别增加了1.8和1.3倍,tan δ_μ分别增加到0.26和0.67.TiO₂/SAC投加量为0.25g/gSS时,样品滤液的COD浓度是1900mg/L,是原污泥和单独微波处理的4.52倍和1.86倍;Fe₃O₄/SAC投加量为0.35g/gSS时,样品滤液的COD浓度是2540mg/L,是原污泥和单独微波处理的6.05倍和2.45倍,Fe₃O₄/SAC强化污泥破壁效果更好.此时,样品滤液中TN、TP、蛋白质、多糖浓度分别为原污泥的7.7倍、16倍、7.49倍和71.69倍,微生物胞内和胞外聚合物中的物质大量释放,滤液中的溶解性有机物大大增加.微波+敏化剂的预处理方法有利于对污泥中氮、磷及有机物进行资源化利用与回收.     

基于VMD时频分析方法的颤振试飞应用研究

目的 针对颤振信号信噪比低、模态密集、非平稳的特点,发展一种能更好地应用于实际颤振试飞信号的时频分析方法。方法 采用近年来新发展的变分模态分解(Variational Mode Decomposition, VMD)方法把复杂信号分解为单一组分的本征模函数(Intrinsic Mode Function, IMF),再对其进行希尔伯特变换,求得每一阶本征模函数的瞬时幅值和瞬时频率,从而进行信号的时频分析。结果 仿真算例验证了基于VMD的时频分析方法在展现非平稳信号时频特征方面的有效性。将该方法应用于实际颤振试飞的异常振动数据,可得到准确清晰的时频图,很好地展示出外挂物的极限坏振荡过程。结论 该方法可作为颤振试飞信号时频分析的有力工具,有助于分析异常数据,确定故障来源,为后续问题解决提供支撑。     

脉冲电晕法藕合Ca(OH)2固体吸收处理四氯乙烯废气研究

采用线-筒式脉冲电晕反应器对四氯乙烯去除效果进行了研究.结果表明,四氯乙烯去除率随电压的增大而增大.在氮气中加入氧气,四氯乙烯降解效果低于纯氮气下的降解效果.四氯乙烯在氮气下的主要气相产物为Cl_2和少量的CCl_4.当氧气加入后,四氯乙烯主要降解为CO_2、CO、COCl_2、O_3和C_2Cl_4O.为了去除有害中间产物,在反应器中加入Ca(OH)_2固体吸收剂,这明显提高了有害中间产物的去除,存在水汽及含Ca(OH)_2固体吸收剂时并未检测到COCl_2、O_3和有害中间产物C_2Cl_4O,但水汽不利于四氯乙烯去除.     

Metal release/accumulation during the decomposition of Potamogeton crispus in a shallow macrophytic lake

Changes in metal concentrations in the litter of Potamogeton crispus were monitored during a consecutive 40-day in situ decomposition experiment using the litterbag method.The accumulation index was calculated and used to indicate the changes in the metals in litter.The results showed that the concentrations of Al,Cd,Cr,Fe,Mn,and Pb in litter increased significantly during the decomposition,while Cu and Zn concentrations decreased dramatically.Significant positive correlations were found between the concentrations of Al,Cr,Fe,and Mn and between Cu and Zn.Moreover,Cu and Zn both negatively correlated with Al and Fe.The remaining dry mass was negatively correlated with Al and Fe concentrations but positively correlated with Cu and Zn concentrations.Generally the accumulation index values of metals other than Al were less than one,indicating that the litter of P.crispus acted as a source of metals to the surrounding water body.Al was the only metal that showed continuous net accumulation in litter.The net accumulation of Fe and Mn in litter during the last 10 days of the experiment may indicate the precipitation of Feand Mn-oxides.It was estimated that 160 g/m~2(dry weight)P.crispus was decomposed in40 days.This was equivalent to releasing the following amounts of metals:0.01 mg Cd,0.03 mg Cr,0.71 mg Cu,0.55 mg Mn,0.02 mg Pb and 13.8 mg Zn into surrounding water,and accumulating 149 mg Al and 11 mg Fe,in a 1 m~2 area.     

医疗废物无害化处理工艺及移动床热分解炉的选择应用

随着我国医疗废物处理的各项法规、条例等规章制度的建立和健全,彻底实现医疗废物的无害化、减量化、资源化,对处理工艺及主要设备的合理选择提出了更高的要求。在此就中原某市医疗废物无害化处理工程设计工艺及热分解炉的选择特点做出了较明确的阐述,可供参考。     

洪湖三种水生植物的分解速率及氮、磷动态

用分解袋法,对生长于洪湖的菰(茎、叶)、莲(叶、叶柄)、微齿眼子菜(整株)进行480d原位分解研究.结果表明,莲叶和菰叶分解最快,其干重损失率分别为96.5%和96.6%;微齿眼子菜和莲叶柄分解最慢,其干重损失率分别为66.8%和71.6%.到实验结束时,菰茎和莲叶柄中的N浓度分别增加了1倍和2倍,P浓度均增加了1倍;莲叶和微齿眼子菜中的N、P含量均降低.5种分解材料分别释放其初始N、P总量的22.6%～98.0%和43.5%～97.4%.分解速率和N、P变化取决于分解材料的烧失重与总氮比值.     

臭氧分解的动力学和机理概述

本文介绍了催化分解臭氧过程中,臭氧在催化剂表面的吸附形态,及各种条件下的反应下氧催化分解的动力学和机理。     

空气气氛下木材表观热解动力学

研究了空气气氛下马尾松和楠木的树叶、树皮和树干试样的热解过程,发现每种试样的热解均包含两步主要的失重过程,在600℃时总失重均达90%以上.利用积分方法建立了适用于所有试样的两阶段一级动力学模型,实验失重曲线较好地符合模型计算出的失重曲线.     

Characteristics of Carbon Emission in China and Analysis on Its Cause

From the history of human economic development, it is known that there is a close relationship between economic development and environment quality. Thus, in this study a factor decomposition model of carbon emission in China is built and the contributions that economic scale, industrial structure, and carbon emission intensity make to carbon emission quantitatively from 1990 to 2005 are analyzed, in other words—scale effect, structural effect, and technical effect—using the decomposition method of average distribution cushion which is based on the environmental Kuznets curves model is studied. The result suggests that the average of the effect changes of carbon emission in China is 19.55%, the effects brought by economic scale, industrial structure, and carbon emission intensity are 15.76%, −0.86%, and 4.65%, respectively. In general, the relation between carbon emission and China's economy was more like an “N” curve; Economy scale is a primary drive factor and has incremental effect to carbon emission. Since otherness of different industry is getting bigger, the industrial restructure has certain decremental effect to carbon emission, but the restrictive function is not obvious, the industrial structure still need to be further optimized; the technical effect is positive and its volatility is large. From the perspective of reducing carbon emission, the current technology has not played to its advantages. This study will promote the understanding of the theory about the relationship between carbon emission and economy development and provide reference value by all means to the adjustment of industrial development.     

Functional decomposition—A contribution to overcome the parameter space explosion during validation of highly automated driving

Abstract

Objective: Particular testing by functional decomposition of the automated driving function can potentially contribute to reducing the effort of validating highly automated driving functions. In this study, the required size of test suites for scenario-based testing and the potential to reduce it by functional decomposition are quantified for the first time.

Methods: The required size of test suites for scenario-based approval of a so-called Autobahn-Chauffeur (SAE Level 3) is analyzed for an exemplary set of scenarios. Based on studies of data from failure analyses in other domains, the possible range for the required test coverage is narrowed down and suitable discretization steps, as well as ranges for the influence parameters, are assumed. Based on those assumptions, the size of the test suites for testing the complete system is quantified. The effects that lead to a reduction in the parameter space for particular testing of the decomposed driving function are analyzed and the potential to reduce the validation effort is estimated by comparing the resulting test suite sizes for both methods.

Results: The combination of all effects leads to a reduction in the test suites’ size by a factor between 20 and 130, depending on the required test coverage. This means that the size of the required test suite can be reduced by 95–99% by particular testing compared to scenario-based testing of the complete system.

Conclusions: The reduction potential is a valuable contribution to overcome the parameter space explosion during the validation of highly automated driving. However, this study is based on assumptions and only a small set of exemplary scenarios. Thus, the findings have to be validated in further studies.