Effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on the biochemical characteristics of municipal refuse in landfill bioreactors

Activity development of key groups of enzymes involved in municipal refuse decomposition was measured in laboratory landfill bioreactors with and without leachate recycling and inoculation for about 210 days.The results showed that the enzymes(amylase,protease,cellulase,lipase and pectinase)were present in fresh refuse but at low values and positively affected by leachate recycling and refuse inoculation.The total average of cellulase activity in digesters D3 operated with leachate recycling but no inoculation,D4 and D5 operated with leachate recyling and inoculation was much higher than that in digesters D1 and D2 without leachate recycling and inoculation by 88%-127%,117%-162%and 64%-98%.The total average of protease activity was higher in digester D4 than that in digesters D1,D2,D3and D5 by 63%,39%,24%and 24%,respectively,and the positive effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on protease activity of landfilled refuse mainly was at the first two months.The total average of amylase activity was higher in digesters D3,D4 and D5 than that in digesters D1 and D2 by 83%-132%,96%-148%and 81%-129%.During the early phase of incubation,the stimulatory effect of inoculation on lipase activity was measured,but refuse moisture was the main factor affecting lipase activity of landfilled refuse.The inoculation,initial and continuous inoculation of microorganisms existing in leachate,was the mainly stimulatory factor affecting pectinase activity of landfilled refuse.     

干法烟气脱硫反应的实验研究

本文建立了干法烟气脱硫反应的实验装置 ,对以氧化钙为脱硫剂的干法烟气脱硫反应进行了实验研究 ,并利用压汞仪分析反应过程中参与反应的固体颗粒的孔隙结构的变化情况 ,对干法烟气脱硫反应过程中的固体颗粒孔隙结构特性进行动态分析 ,揭示和确定了反应过程中固体颗粒孔隙结构变化规律和脱硫转化率。研究结果表明 ,孔隙结构 ,包括孔径分布、最可几孔半径等是决定和影响干法烟气脱硫反应的因素 ,其中孔隙率决定脱硫反应的最终转化率 ,孔隙分布则控制着反应的过程特性。     

石灰湿法脱硫过程反应机理的研究

采用模拟烟气对石灰湿法脱硫过程反应机理进行研究 ,研究表明 ,石灰湿法脱硫过程反应机理不仅与脱硫液初始和终点pH值有关 ,而且还与烟气中SO2 浓度密切相关     

草浆造纸中段废水的生物处理动力学

利用静态溶解氧消耗速率（OUR）试验模拟草浆造纸中段废水生物处理的生化反应过程,并运用Lawrence-McCarty模式进行了动力学分析。由OUR试验结果和小试研究结果建立的草浆造纸中段废水好氧生物处理的动力学方程为v=0.72S/(60.43 S）。将该动力学方程预测结果和实际工程的运行数据进行了比较,结果表明,动力学方程的比基质降解速率预测值高于实际工程的计算值,分析原因可能在于：实际工程中中段废水中的纤维素类悬溪物在生物处理装置的积累导致了污泥活性的降低。     

光化技术在苎麻脱胶废水处理中的运用

介绍在生化方法的基础上 ,引用光化技术 ,解决苎麻脱胶废水处理这一难题。     

乙醇废水的超临界水氧化反应路径及动力学研究

研究了超临界水氧化法 (SCWO)处理乙醇废水过程的反应路径和动力学 .乙醇SCWO反应的最终产物为CO2 ,CO是此过程的中间产物 .以幂指数方程描述乙醇SCWO反应动力学 ,得到对于乙醇的反应级数为 1,对氧气的反应级数为 0 .求出活化能和指前因子分别为 3 5 1× 10 5J·mol-1和 7 74× 10 2 1s-1.方程计算值和实验值吻合较好 ,误差基本在 10 %以内     

Detection of fetal HLA-DQα sequences in maternal blood: A gender-independent technique of fetal cell identification

The objective of this study was to detect fetal HLA-DQα gene sequences in maternal blood. HLA-DQα genotypes of 70 pregnant women and their partners were determined for type A1. We specifically sought couples where the father, but not the mother, had genotype A1. In 12 women, maternal blood samples were flow-sorted. Candidate fetal cells were isolated and amplified by using PCR primers specific for a paternal HLA-DQα A1 allele. Fetal HLA-DQα A1 genotype was predicted from sorted cells; amniocytes or cheek swabs were used for confirmation. Six of twelve sorted samples had amplification products indicating the presence of the HLA-DQα A1 allele; 6/12 did not. Prediction of the fetal genotype was 100 per cent correct, as determined by subsequent amplification of amniocytes or cheek swabs. We conclude that paternally inherited uniquely fetal HLA-DQα gene sequences can be identified in maternal blood. This system permits the identification of fetal cells independent of fetal gender, and has the potential for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of paternally inherited conditions.     

取代芳烃对发光菌的毒性及定量结构与活性相关

通过测定取代芳烃对发光菌毒性，用Ｆｒｅｅ－Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ法和分子连接性法研究了取代芳烃结构与活性的相关性，取代基的毒性顺序为：－Ｂｒ＞－ＣＯＯＨ＞－ＮＯ２≈－Ｃｌ＞－ＣＨ３＞ＮＨ２。建立了ＥＣ５０与ＬＣ５０的相关性，并预测一些化合物的ＬＣ５０值，结果和实测值符合较好。     

镉铅对小麦醇脱氢酶(ADH)基因表达影响的初步研究

经过镉，铅４５ｈ污染处理，运用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｉｎ斑点杂分析和酶活性测定的方法探测萌发期小麦ＡＤＨ酶基因的表达情况。实验结果表明，ＡＤＨ基因表达在ＲＮＡ和酶活性两个层次均有变化，并且呈现相似的变化趋势，反映得金属的影响是来源于基因转录水平。     

绿色高强混凝土——硅灰混凝土

硅灰是冶金厂生产硅铁和工业硅过程中产生的废灰，硅灰混凝土为绿色混凝土，它不仅节约了水泥熟料，而且改善了环境，大大促进了混凝土和建筑工程的健康发展，混凝土中掺入硅灰可得到高强和超高强混凝土，用此混凝土浇制的结构物其安全度大大提高，经济效益显著，硅灰混凝土还可以有效抑制碱骨料反应，提高结构物的安全度和耐久性，延长使用寿命。