The Effects of Irrigation on Revegetation of Semi-Arid Coastal Sage Scrub in Southern California

Artemisia californica, represented nearly 100% of the species present at the end of two growing seasons. Irrigation may speed revegetation under some conditions, but was not very effective in establishing natural vegetation structure.     

添加液促进电动法修复苯胺污染砂土的试验研究

室内模拟研究结果表明,电动修复苯胺污染土壤的过程中,添加液的加入对实验结果有较大影响。当腐植酸浓度大于临界胶束浓度时,起表面活性剂的作用,使苯胺在土壤中迁移增强并在距阳极80～90mm富集。土壤中均匀加入Tween80或β-环糊精后,苯胺在3取样点富集,但富集浓度后者是前者的1．28倍,且污染物有向阴极迁移的趋势。     

基于碳同位素组成的大气NMHCs光化学寿命研究

利用热解析-气相色谱-同位素质谱联用仪测定了兰州市冬季和夏季昼夜大气非甲烷烃(NMHCs)的稳定碳同位素组成.结果表明,兰州市冬季大气NMHCs的δ13C值为-30.5‰～-24.3‰,夏季为-31.9‰～-24.2%,受燃煤烟气排放的影响,冬季大气NMHCs的δ13C值明显大于夏季;冬季大气NMHCs的δ13C值夜晚大于白天,夏季不同时间点C4、C5化合物的同位素值相差不大,正己烷和正庚烷的δ13C值白天比夜晚要高.利用"碳氢化合物同位素时钟"计算出正己烷和1-丁烯在兰州市夏季大气中的平均光化学寿命分别约为6d和25min.     

镇江滨江湿地受损植被诊断及修复研究

镇江滨江湿地沿长江岸线,依附镇江市市北,是由江水所携泥沙常年淤积而成。湿地内植被茂盛,物种丰富。但近年的污染排放及渔民围网捕鱼,植被破坏严重,湿地生态功能遭到削弱。研究通过对位于大东沟排污口的受损植被与另一处于相同演替阶段的健康植被比较,识别受损植被的致损因子,并分析其对群落结构及其演替进程的影响。结果显示,污染排放和当地渔民的围网捕鱼是导致大东沟片植被处于中等程度退化的主要因子。在植被的修复中,基于次生演替理论和自设计理论,采用工程技术和优势种栽培技术相结合原则,实现污染控制和加速植被的恢复。     

城市边坡生态恢复与景观设计

在强调设计要反映特色与个性的今天,城市边坡的设计者、建设者应该考虑与关注边坡在满足防护功能的同时,如何提升边坡环境质量,反映地域特色等问题。在分析城市边坡生境特点的基础上,阐述了城市边坡生态恢复的原则,指出城市边坡应成为反映城市独有的文化内涵的展台,并提出了边坡处理的几种技术手法。     

三唑酮在水体系中的光化学降解研究

系统研究了在天然日光和高压汞灯照射下三唑酮在蒸馏水、人工海水和天然海水中的光降解情况.结果表明,天然日光照射下,三唑酮在三种介质中降解较慢.高压汞灯较天然日光能够更有效地激发三唑酮的降解,且降解符合一级动力学规律.在300 W高压汞灯照射下,三唑酮在蒸馏水、人工海水和天然海水中的半寿期分别为54.14 min、144.38 min、177.69 min.三唑酮在蒸馏水中的光降解速率大于其在天然海水中的,这主要是由于天然海水中存在的阴、阳离子和其它特殊的物质所引起的.同蒸馏水中的光反应相比,人工海水中的离子抑制了三唑酮的光降解反应.在500 W高压汞灯照射下,三唑酮的反应速率明显提高.实验发现溶液中加入重金属离子(Cu2+、Pb2+、Cd2+)能够改变三唑酮的光降解速率.     

城市河流的生态恢复

目前,河流退化己被公认为一个全球性的生态环境问题,受到国际社会的普遍关注。随着环境意识、生态观念的增强以及生活水平的提高,对恢复严重受损的城市河流生态系统的要求越来越迫切。从一些发达国家的实践来看,水利工程与生态紧密结合是未来重要的发展趋势。中国的水利发展也正从传统的“工程水利”走向“生态水利”、“环境水利”的新阶段。     

曲靖垃圾卫生填埋场污染控制与生态恢复

分析了曲靖太和山垃圾填埋场存在的主要问题,提出了针对填埋场污染控制和生态恢复的措施。     

Diversity of free-living nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in wastelands of copper mine tailings during the process of natural ecological restoration

Biological nitrogen fixing is an important source of nitrogen input in the natural ecological restoration of mine wastelands. The diversity of nifH genes in tailings samples under di erent plant communities in Yangshanchong and Tongguanshan wastelands in Tongling, was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) approach. The nitrogen-fixing microorganism community in the upper layer of tailings of Tongguanshan wasteland discarded in 1980 showed higher Shannon-Wiener diversity index than that in Yangshanchong wasteland discarded in 1991. The diversity of nifH genes in Yangshanchong wasteland of copper mine tailings did not display a consistent successional tendency with development of plant communities during the process of natural ecological restoration. Phylogenetic analysis of 25 sequences of nifH gene fragments retrieved from the DGGE gels indicated that there were mainly two taxa of free-living nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria living in the wastelands investigated, most of which were unique and uncultured. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) based on the relationship between band patterns of DGGE profile and physico-chemical properties of tailings samples showed that the diversity of nifH genes in di erent tailing samples was mainly a ected by loss of ignition, water content, pH and available Zn contents of wastelands. The dominant plant species and development period of plant communities by ameliorating pH, reducing the toxicity of heavy metals, increasing organic matter and water content a ected the diversity and structure of the free-living nitrogenfixing microorganisms in wastelands of copper mine tailings.     

城市河道岸坡的生态型修复研究

河道岸坡生态修复已成为建设生态文明城市的重要组成,在通过介绍河道岸坡发展历程、国内外城市河道岸坡改造动态以及现有河道岸坡的修复技术的基础上,提出城市河道岸坡生态型改造模式的建议,打造城市河道“绿色长廊”。