黄海西部大气湿沉降(降水)的离子平衡及离子组成研究

对黄海西部的千里岩、青岛的麦岛两个降水采样点１９９７、１９９８两年收集的１１３个降水样品进行了分析,测定了Ｈ＾＋、ＮＨ４＾＋、Ｋ＾＋、Ｎａ＾＋、Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｆ＾－、Ｃ１＾－、ＮＯ３＾－、ＳＯ４＾２－共１０种离子成分的含量。计算了阴离子和阳离子的浓度总量,考察了∑－／∑＋值,对所８测１０种离子的含量顺序进行了探讨。结果表明：１１０个样品离子平衡（∑－／∑＋在０．７５～１．２５之间）,３个     

淮河流域水污染防治与“环境均衡”原则

分析淮河流域污染治理中出现的情况，提出“环境均衡”原则，建议建立经济补偿，相关地区和行业应承担同等的环境责任。     

Roles of urban vegetation on balance of carbon and oxygen in Guangzhou,China

ＴｈｅｇｒｅｅｎｈｏｕｓｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｃａｕｓｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｇｒａｄｕａｌｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｏｆＣＯ2 ｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｆｕｅｌａｎｄｔｈｅｃｈａｎｇｅｏｆｌａｎｄｕｓｅ(Ｒａｙｎａｕｄ ,1 993 ) .Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ ,ｃａｒｂｏｎｃｙｃｌｉｎｇｏｆｅａｒｔｈｈａｓｂｅｅｎａ“ｈｅａｔｐｏｉｎｔ”ｏｆｔｈｅｇｌｏｂａｌｃｈａｎｇｅ.Ｖｅｇｅｔａｔｉｏｎ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓｔｈａｔｉｎｕ…     

一种成矿溶液活化硫化矿物中成矿组分的理论模拟方法

以成矿组分活化地质理论、金属离子浓度综合平衡方程和硫化物离解平衡方程为基础 ,提出了成矿溶液活化硫化矿物中成矿组分的理论模拟方法。从定量分析的角度 ,为硫化矿物中成矿组分的活化及成矿作用研究中一些不易直接观察到的环节提供了新认识 ,探讨了这一方法的影响因素和精度问题     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液水量平衡的实验研究

通过回灌条件下的水量平衡实验,分析了回灌条件下水分运动各个要素(降水、径流、下渗、蒸发)之间的关系。在回灌条件下,土壤蒸发能满足渗滤液的水量平衡,下渗水量通过土壤蒸发作用得以大量削减。土壤水分饱和程度对蒸发量的影响是明显的,土壤水分供给充足时,土壤蒸发按蒸发能力进行,蒸发量大而稳定。     

全球变化下有关卤代甲烷源汇的研究进展

大气中存在的卤代甲烷对臭氧层具有极强的破坏作用并参与其它气候现象，其动态变化对臭氧的恢复和地球生态系统有重要影响。文章概述了全球变化下卤代甲烷源汇的研究情况并简单探索其进一步的研究方向。几种卤代甲烷中，溴代甲烷源汇最复杂且对臭氧具有最强的破坏力，因此研究较多。已证明CH3Br的来源有：海洋、土壤、生物燃烧、陆地植物和沼泽地的释放等；CH3Br的汇包括：光化学分解、被土壤和植物吸收、在海洋中的化学和生物降解等。但事实上是已知汇远远大于已知源，且各个源汇的通量在不同研究中结果差异较大，归其原因是卤代甲烷释放与吸收机制的不确定性。虽然近几年的研究也应用了稳定同位素示踪技术，但卤代甲烷各源汇的具体贡献并不清楚。今后卤代甲烷源汇的研究重点应放在与气体产生机制最密切的地下部分即“地下生态学”对其通量的影响，而同位素技术的改进及其在痕量气体研究中的应用也将是未来的重点方向。     

A study on the Spatial Distribution of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Balance, and Regional Nitrogen Flow Through Crop Production

The spatial distribution patterns of the nitrogen and phosphorus input/intake amounts in crop production within two small basins are examined, based upon a cropping unit distribution map that is obtained from remote sensing data analysis. Firstly, we examine the availability and suitability of approaches to the spatial distribution analysis of cultivation patterns classified from material flow characteristics of crop production using seasonal remote-sensing data. Secondly, material flow units in crop production are grouped according to the cultivation patterns obtained from the remote-sensing data analysis. Consequently, the spatial patterns of the amounts of both nitrogen and phosphorus inputs/intakes through crop production on farmland are examined and their spatial distribution maps are prepared according to the material flow units. In addition, we developed a nitrogen flow and runoff model and the model is simulated based on the examination of the results of spatial distribution patterns of the material flow units. The annual nitrogen runoff from small catchments, where various crops are cultivated, varies from 2.7 kg ha^–1 year^–1 to 108 kg ha^–1 year^–1 and the annual balanced losses of nitrogen in small catchments varied from –30 kg ha^–1 year^–1 to 101 kg ha^–1 year^–1. Also, the monthly changes in soil nitrogen of each material flow unit is estimated at –55 kg ha^–1 as a maximum decrease and 114 kg ha^–1 as a maximum increase. These results indicate that the spatial distribution patterns of nutrient input and intake through agricultural activities should be considered when analyzing the material flows and nutritient movement in soil–water systems in rural areas for watershed environmental control and regional agricultural management.     

校准曲线回归计算方法的比较

本文对目前国内所使用和已提出讨论的校准曲线回归计算方法与国际标准校准曲线回归计算方法进行了比较和讨论,表明无论采用何种回归方法进行计算,对测定结果的精密度和准确度均无显著影响。但为了使校准曲线的回归计算方法国际化、标准化,建议采用国际标准回归法。     

人体温度调节的计算机数值模拟

在研究人体温度调节生理机制的基础上，通过必要的近似简化方法，对一维人体温度调节数学模型进行某些改进，用控制容积法推导出微分方程的有限差分格式，并利用相应的计算程序对人体温度调节进行数值模拟     

SALT TRANSPORT BY THE SOUTH PLATTE RIVER IN NORTHEAST COLORADO1

ABSTRACT: The salinity of the lower South Platte River in Colorado is characterized by plotting the average annual flow, total dissolved solids, and salt mass flow against distance along the stream. The plots show that salts are being leached from the irrigated lands above Greeley and are being deposited on the irrigated lands below Greeley. The salt deposition on the lower lands will result in their salination. The plots show also that fall and winter stream flows carry most of the salt loads. These fall and winter flows are stored in off stream reservoirs for use during the irrigation season. Therefore these salts are transferred to the lower irrigated lands where they accumulate. The salt balance for these lands can be improved by permitting the fall and winter flows to leave the basin, or by providing adequate land drainage coupled with supplemental irrigation water.