Hp-β-环糊精包络臭氧氧化去除水中PPCPs研究

为提高臭氧的稳定性,采用臭氧化Hp-β-环糊精溶液的方法对臭氧进行包络。考察了臭氧/Hp-β-环糊精包络物的氧化特性,臭氧化量和Hp-β-环糊精浓度对臭氧/Hp-β-环糊精包络物氧化能力的影响,并研究了臭氧/Hp-β-环糊精包络物对二级出水中添加的10种药品和个人护理用品(PPCPs)的去除效果。结果表明:臭氧/Hp-β-环糊精包络物具有持续的氧化能力,增加臭氧化量或Hp-β-环糊精浓度可显著提升臭氧/Hp-β-环糊精包络物的氧化能力。臭氧/Hp-β-环糊精包络物有较强的氧化性;向0.7 g/L的Hp-β-环糊精溶液中通入6 mg臭氧后,PPCPs的去除率为50%~70%,去除率受PPCPs分子结构影响。臭氧/Hp-β-环糊精包络物氧化可与其他氧化技术联合应用于污染物去除或用作臭氧化后的持续氧化。     

Aerobic N2O emission for activated sludge acclimated under different aeration rates in the multiple anoxic and aerobic process

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is a potent greenhouse gas that can be emitted during biological nitrogen removal. N₂O emission was examined in a multiple anoxic and aerobic process at the aeration rates of 600 mL/min sequencing batch reactor (SBR_L) and 1200 mL/min (SBR_H). The nitrogen removal percentage was 89% in SBR_L and 71% in SBR_H, respectively. N₂O emission mainly occurred during the aerobic phase, and the N₂O emission factor was 10.1% in SBR_L and 2.3% in SBR_H, respectively. In all batch experiments, the N₂O emission potential was high in SBR_L compared with SBR_H. In SBR_L, with increasing aeration rates, the N₂O emission factor decreased during nitrification, while it increased during denitrification and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). By contrast, in SBR_H the N₂O emission factor during nitrification, denitrification and SND was relatively low and changed little with increasing aeration rates. The microbial competition affected the N₂O emission during biological nitrogen removal.     

改性柠檬渣的结构特征及其对Cu2+的吸附性能

为研究柠檬渣对污水中Cu2+的吸附性能,利用H₂SO₄与NaOH对柠檬渣进行改性制备吸附剂,并采用响应曲面法对制备工艺进行了优化. 测试了吸附剂的比表面积、孔容与孔径等性能,并利用红外光谱(IR)、紫外光谱(UV)、差热分析(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)对吸附剂进行了表征. 通过响应面法优化后的最佳改性条件:H₂SO₄改性后的炭化温度为80 ℃,NaOH改性后的炭化温度为90 ℃,w(NaOH)∶w(H₂SO₄)为0.3.改性后的柠檬渣较原柠檬渣比表面积由88.3 m2/g增至392.2 m2/g,灰分率降低了90.7%,碘吸附值提高了近5倍,孔径分布主要是中孔;柠檬渣属于无定型结构,改性后的柠檬渣有CC生成,形成了芳香烃,表面形成了密集的孔;改性后柠檬渣主要由碳元素组成,从而能有效吸附Cu2+,对Cu2+的吸附率能达到85.3%. 由红外分析可知,改性后的柠檬渣吸附Cu2+后3 804 cm-1处的吸收峰消失,说明Cu2+取代了这个吸收峰所代表的官能团及部分O—H中的H+.      

粉尘捕集效率与定风量阀应用研究

分析了造成除尘系统风量阻力不平衡的因素,提出在除尘支管上装设定风量阀来稳定各吸尘点风量,通过实验证明,在除尘管网支管上装设定风量调节阀,可以有效的消除系统阻力不平衡和管网压力波动造成的吸尘点风量偏差问题。     

曝气强化非离子表面活性剂洗涤法修复柴油污染土壤

采用异位修复法,利用非离子表面活性剂洗涤柴油污染土壤,并在洗涤过程中曝气强化。考察了洗涤效果的影响因素,并通过表面张力和接触角的测定探讨了洗涤机理。实验结果表明:曝气对污染土壤中柴油的洗脱有强化作用,可提高洗脱率10%~20%;3种非离子表面活性剂的洗脱效果优劣次序为聚氧乙烯月桂醚(Brij-35)曲拉通X-100(TX-100)吐温-80(Tw-80);在表面活性剂浓度为1倍临界胶束浓度、曝气量为7.5 L/min、洗涤时间为60 min、洗涤液pH为11.0的优化条件下,Brij-35对柴油的洗脱率达77.4%,污染土样的含油率从7.0%降至1.6%,接触角从24.12°降至6.65°,可基本恢复土壤的亲水性;洗涤液的表面张力随表面活性剂浓度的增加而降低,但不受洗涤液pH的影响。     

ClO_2溶液去除烟气中NO的效果及工程应用

采用实验室规模喷淋脱硝装置对ClO_2溶液去除NO的效果及影响因素进行探讨,通过脱硝产物的测定对ClO_2溶液去除NO的能力及机理进行分析;在此基础上考察ClO_2溶液对供热厂燃煤锅炉烟气的实际脱硝效果。实验结果表明:在液气比为20L/m~3、反应温度为20℃,反应pH为4.0、进气NO质量浓度为250 mg/m~3,ClO_2质量浓度为200 mg/L的条件下,NO去除率达97%以上;ClO_2溶液可将NO氧化吸收为NO_3~-,氧化后产生的NO_x也可被NaOH溶液吸收转化为NO_2~-和NO_3~-;在ClO_2质量浓度为200~500 mg/L,反应pH为5.5~7.0的条件下处理初始NO质量浓度为212~230 mg/m~3的燃煤锅炉烟气,NO去除率为85.7%~94.6%,NO_x去除率为80.4%~88.8%,出口NO_x质量浓度低于46 mg/m~3,远低于GB 13271—2014规定的排放限值。     

Fe-Ce/ZSM-5复合催化剂的制备及其催化性能

采用浸渍法制备了Fe-Ce/ZSM-5复合催化剂,并将其用于甲基橙的催化降解。利用单因素实验考察了溶液pH、初始甲基橙质量浓度、催化剂加入量、初始H_2O_2浓度及反应温度对准一级动力学方程反应动力学常数的影响,对催化剂的稳定性进行了测试,并探讨了甲基橙的催化降解机理。实验结果表明:在溶液pH 5.0、初始甲基橙质量浓度100 mg/L、催化剂加入量1.0 g/L、初始H_2O_2浓度20 mmol/L、反应温度20℃的优化条件下反应60min,反应动力学常数高达0.034 min~(-1),甲基橙降解率高达87%,铁离子流失量仅为0.019 mg/L;催化剂重复使用3次后,甲基橙降解率仍高于80%,保持了较高活性。     

2,4,4'-三溴联苯醚的光降解研究

以固相微萃取(SPME)结合气相色谱(GC)、气相色谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)技术作为分析检测手段,研究光源、有机溶剂、无机盐与腐殖酸对BDE-28光降解的影响,实验结果表明,光源是影响其降解的主要因素,其次,丙酮、铜离子和腐殖酸对其降解的影响较显著.光源对BDE-28光降解速率的影响为300 W汞灯500 W金卤灯100 W汞灯500 W氙灯;有机溶剂对BDE-28降解速率的影响为甲醇/水(1∶1)甲醇己烷甲苯乙腈丙酮;无机离子的影响各有差别:K+、Na+、SO2-4、NO-3、Cl-对BDE-28降解影响不明显,而Fe3+、NH+4促进BDE-28的降解,Fe2+、Cu2+、Br-抑制BDE-28的降解;腐殖酸抑制BDE-28的降解.     

新型类Fenton催化剂表征及其降解染料废水的试验研究

钴基和铜基类Fenton催化剂是近年来的研究热点,对新型类Fenton催化剂进行SEM,EDS,XPS表征,得知催化剂中的金属元素主要为钴和铜。通过单因素分析法,研究影响该催化剂处理甲基橙模拟废水效果的因素。结果表明:该催化剂在pH为3~9的范围内均表现出较好的催化降解能力;当双氧水的添加量达到20 mL/L时,催化降解能力不再增加;催化剂的投加量影响催化降解能力达到最大的时间;此外,双氧水的投加方式影响降解所需的时间而对最终的处理效果影响不大。     

Experimental study of the evaporation of spreading liquid nitrogen

The investigation of cryogenic liquid pool spreading is an essential procedure to assess the hazard of cryogenic liquid usage. There is a wide range of models used to describe the spreading of a cryogenic liquid pool. Many of these models require the evaporation velocity, which has to be determined experimentally because the heat transfer process between the liquid pool and the surroundings is too complicated to be modeled. In this experimental study, to measure the evaporation velocity when the pool is spreading, liquid nitrogen was continuously released onto unconfined concrete ground. Almost all of the reported results are based on a non-spreading pool in which cryogenic liquid is instantaneously poured onto bounded ground for a very short period of time. For the precise measurement of pool spreading and evaporation weight with time, a cone-type funnel was designed to achieve a nearly constant liquid nitrogen release rate during discharge. Specifically, three nozzles with nominal flow rates of 3.4 × 10⁻² kg/s, 5.6 × 10⁻² kg/s and 9.0 × 10⁻² kg/s were used to investigate the effect of the release rate on the evaporation velocity. It is noted that information about the release rate is not necessary to measure the evaporation velocity in case of the non-spreading pool. A simultaneous measurement of the pool location using thermocouples and of the pool mass using a digital balance was carried out to measure the evaporation velocity and the pool radius. A greater release flow rate was found to result in a greater average evaporation velocity, and the evaporation velocity decreased with the spreading time and the pool radius.