Direct photolysis of nitroaromatic compounds in aqueous solutions

The direct photolysis of nitrobenzene and nitrophenols in aqueous solutions irradiated by polychromatic light were investigated. Several aromatic intermediates were identified as three nitrophenol isomers, nitrohydroquinone, nitrosobenzene, nitrocatechol, catechol and phenol. Nitrite and nitrate ions were also detected in the irradiated solution indicating direct photolysis of nitrobenzene or nitrophenols. The degradation of nitrobenzene and nitrophenols and the formation of three nitrophenol isomers were observed to follow zero-order kinetics. The quantum yields for nitrobenzene and nitrophenols removal are about 10^-3 and 10^-3—10^-4 respectively. The mechanism for nitrobenzene degradation was suggested to follow mainly nitro-nitrite intramolecular arrangement.     

地球化学动力学反应器原理和速率方程测定

主要介绍了地球化学动力学实验研究中的三种反应器类型，即间歇反应器、活塞流反应器和混合流反应器，概述了它们的工作原理和速率方程测定方法，最后对比了三类反应器的性能，指出混合流反应器最适合于测定矿物－水反应速率。     

橙色GDP及其演变规律

在分析我国工伤事故发生和演变规律及其与经济增长率(以GDP为指标)之间关系的基础上,提出了橙色(安全预警色)GDP的概念和内容,并进行初步论证.认为橙色GDP应成为评价经济社会发展质量的标志之一,也可以作为经济增长与社会进步统筹失调的预警信号.     

绝热加速量热仪在化工生产热危险性评价中的应用

本文介绍了一种新型热危险性分析仪器--绝热加速量热仪的设计原理和内部结构,运行模式以及所能获得的温度、压力和最大温升速率时间等数据类型.并通过阐述其在化学动力学研究、自加速分解温度的计算、化学工艺安全性分析和化学工艺过程开发以及热爆炸事故原因调查等方面的应用,指出了绝热加速量热仪在化工生产危险评价方面的特点和优势.     

基于TCT的平面交叉口安全评价方法研究

事故率法是评价平面交叉口交通安全水平常用的方法之一,但因其存在基于事故统计方法固有的因事故的稀有性而使评价周期过长、因事故统计的不完全性致使评价结论欠真、缺乏事故严重性程度的考虑等缺点。笔者针对事故率法评价交叉口安全水平存在的上述问题,在概要介绍交通冲突技术并对交通冲突技术的有效性进行分析的基础上,提出了使事故率法与交通冲突技术相结合,用交通冲突代替交通事故改善交叉口事故率法的理论设想。进而,结合质量控制法,研究了同类型交叉口的交通冲突率的临界值的确定,提出了基于交通冲突技术和交叉口交通冲突率的评价方法。     

USING GEOLOGY TO IMPROVE FLOOD HAZARD MANAGEMENT ON ALLUVIAL FANS ‐ AN EXAMPLE FROM LAUGHLIN,NEVADA1

A study of the piedmont of the Newberry Mountains near Laughlin, Nevada, demonstrates that geologic information can improve the scientific basis of flood‐hazard management on alluvial fans in desert areas. Comparison of geologic information against flood insurance rate maps (FIRMs) reveals flaws in conventional methods for flood hazard delineation in this setting. Geologic evidence indicates that large parts of the Newberry piedmont have been isolated from significant flooding for at least the past 10,000 years. This contrasts with existing FIRMs that include large tracts of nonflood prone land in the 100‐year and 500‐year flood hazard zones and exclude areas of indisputably flood prone land from the regulatory flood plain. From the basis of the geology, flood hazards on at least one‐third of the piedmont are mischaracterized on the regulatory maps. The formal incorporation of geologic data into flood hazard studies on desert piedmonts could significantly reduce this type of discrepancy and substantially reduce the scope, hence cost, of more elaborate engineering studies and hazard mitigation strategies. The results of this study affirm the value of new Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) recommendations for characterizing alluvial fan flood hazards and support an argument for mandating geological studies in the regulatory process.     

Incident investigation of mono-nitro toluene still explosion

At one of the nitro-toluene facilities, an o-nitro toluene still was in standby mode. During the standby mode feed to the still had been stopped, the column was not de-inventoried, steam flow to the reboiler was not shut off and the condenser was on total reflux. After 22 days of standby mode, steam was shut off for 5 days for annual plant maintenance. Eight days after the re-start of steam, the still exploded, hurling debris as far as one mile. The internal packing was expelled from the column and landed on the ground burning. The incident was investigated to establish the contributing factors leading to explosion. Accelerating Rate Calorimetery was extensively used to determine the onset temperature for exothermic activity in the presence/absence of a number of materials to establish the underlying cause of the accident. It was found that foulant collected in the column over a period of years accelerated the ’runaway reaction’.     

浙江省洪涝灾害的统计分析

根据浙江省1949－1998年（缺1966－1975年及1978年）共39年的洪涝成灾面积资料及39年（1961－1999年）的36个站点的分季降水资料，对该省洪涝灾害进行了统计分析。分析表明，浙江洪涝灾害面积大，且有随时间而增加的趋势，此外，不同地区表现为不同的受灾特征，浙江省应该对不同地区采取不同的减灾防灾措施，因地制宜，减少水患的经济损失。     

泸州市城市空气自然降尘和硫酸盐化速率的探讨

本文以1992－2001年泸州市城市空气质量数据为依据，指出了该市自然降尘和硫酸盐化速率的变化规律，并对防治对策进行了探讨。     

青霉菌X5对活性艳蓝KN-R脱色研究

采用梯度平板筛选法，从染布厂废水池污泥中分离到一株对蒽醌染料KN－R有较强脱色能力的青霉菌X5（Penicillium sp.)，并考察该菌在不同温度，pH，培养时间，染料浓度，菌量及不同碳源氮源条件下对活性艳蓝KN－R的脱色情况，结果表明,在20－40℃温度范围内该菌对活性艳蓝KN－R的脱色率均在95％以上，其最佳脱色温度为25℃，pH为4．0，培养时间为48h，染料浓度，菌量对染料脱色有一定影响，该菌对碳源、氮源具有较宽适应范围，在最佳条件下，该菌对染料的脱色率达99．3％。