菌群条件下铜绿微囊藻休眠体复苏期间光合效率变化

将3株冲天湖底泥优势菌(Exiguobacterium.sp013、Bacillus.spD06与Bacillus.spD24)按不同配比与铜绿微囊藻休眠体用底泥包埋,在梯度温度下(10、15、20和25℃)进行复苏模拟实验.结果表明,在15、20和25℃条件下,菌组和无菌组铜绿微囊藻休眠体均能从底泥复苏进入上覆水体,但菌组复苏率显著高于无菌组(p0.05).在10℃条件下,菌组铜绿微囊藻休眠体能复苏,而无菌组不能.在20和25℃时,菌组对铜绿微囊藻休眠体光合系统的光合效率F_v/F_m无显著提升作用(p 0.05),而在10和15℃时,菌组能显著提升铜绿微囊藻休眠体的光合效率F_v/F_m(p0.05),且菌组Mix-4的提升能力显著强于其他菌组和无菌组.基因测序和KEGG富集分析发现,15℃时菌组Mix-4差异表达的基因显著富集于Cell cycle通路中,包括氧化磷酸化(ATP生成反应)通路和内质网蛋白合成通路,同时与光合作用相关的蛋白基因psaB、psbA及rbcL的表达量均发生显著上调,这可能是Mix-4菌群在较低温度下(15℃)提升铜绿微囊藻休眠体光合效率F_v/F_m并促进其复苏的分子机理.     

生态系统服务价值与人类活动的时空关联分析——以长江中游华阳河湖群地区为例

以1990、2002和2010年华阳河湖群地区LandSat TM影像为数据源,构建生态系统服务价值评估模型、生态系统服务价值流向损益模型和人类活动强度评估模型,应用双变量空间自相关分析生态系统服务价值和人类活动强度的时空关联特征.结果表明：1990~2010年生态系统服务价值持续减少,水域、湿地转为耕地和建设用地是价值损失的主要原因.生态系统服务价值高值区在中部和东北部水域,湖滨价值量减少最严重,北部地区价值量增加,南部减少.人类活动强度低影响区位于水域,中高影响区和中影响区交错分布于北部地区,高影响区集中在南部和西南部地区.3个时期生态系统服务价值和人类活动强度均呈空间负相关,高-低聚集分布于南部和西南部,低-高聚集主要分布于水域.     

Characterizing the antibiotic resistance genes in a river catchment: Influence of anthropogenic activities

Previous studies on environmental antibiotics resistance genes(ARGs) have focused on the pollution sources such as wastewater treatment plants, aquaculture and livestock farms,etc. Few of them had addressed this issue in a regional scale such as river catchment. Hence,the occurrence and abundances of 23 ARGs were investigated in surface water samples collected from 38 sites which located from the river source to estuary of the Beijiang River.Among them, 11 ARGs were frequently detected in this region and 5 ARGs(sul I, sul II, tet B,tet C, and tet W) were selected for their distribution pattern analysis. The abundances of the selected ARGs were higher in the upstream(8.70 × 10~6 copies/ng DNA) and downstream areas(3.17 × 10~6 copies/ng DNA) than those in the midstream areas(1.23 × 10~6 copies/ng DNA), which was positively correlated to the population density and number of pollution sources. Pollution sources of ARGs along the Beijiang River not only had a great impact on the abundances and diversity, but also on the distribution of specific ARGs in the water samples. Both sul I and sul II were likely originated from aquaculture farms and animal farms,tet W gene was possibly associated with the mining/metal melting industry and the electric waste disposal and tet C gene was commonly found in the area with multiple pollution sources.However, the abundance of tet B was not particularly related to anthropogenic impacts. These findings highlight the influence of pollution sources and density of population on the distribution and dissemination of ARGs at a regional scale.     

Spatial and temporal variation of haze in China from 1961 to 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the climatic characteristics and long-term spatial and temporal variations of haze occurrence in China. The impact factors of haze trends are also discussed. Meteorological data from 1961 to 2012 and daily PM₁₀ concentrations from 2003 to 2012 were employed in this study. The results indicate that the annual-average hazy days at all stations have been increasing rapidly from 4 days in 1961 to 18 days in 2012. The maximum number of haze days occur in winter (41.1%) while the minimum occur in summer (10.4%). During 1961-2012, the high occurrence areas of haze shifted from central to south and east regions of China. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji) region, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Henan Province are the high occurrence areas for haze, while the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) have become regions with high haze occurrences in the last 25 years. Temperature and pressure are positively correlated with the number of haze days. However, wind, relative humidity, precipitation, and sunshine duration are negatively correlated with the number of haze days. The key meteorological factors affecting the formation and dissipation of haze vary for high and low altitudes, and are closely related to anthropogenic activities. In recent years, anthropogenic activities have played a more important role in haze occurrences compared with meteorological factors.     

氮足迹模型应用进展研究

氮足迹是一个评估人类活动活性氮排放量的指标,能够定量人类生产、生活各个环节的活性氮排放,进而指导个人消费和食品生产方式的转变,最终达到降低活性氮排放和提高环境质量的目的.氮足迹模型是定量不同实体氮足迹关键,也是当前氮足迹研究的热点所在.本文综述了应用于个人、食品、机构、事件的氮足迹模型;探讨了氮足迹的不确定性以及优化措施;流域氮足迹,产品氮足迹以及建立生态足迹数据库等将成为未来的研究热点.     

Effects of Metsulfuron-Methyl on the Microbial Population and Enzyme Activities in Wheat Rhizosphere Soil

The effects of metsulfuron-methyl, a sulfonylurea herbicide, on the wheat soil microorganisms were evaluated by the methods of microbial inoculation culture, and the activities of three enzymes were measured using the colorimetric method. The tolerant microorganisms that can resist 500 μ g·g^?1 metsulfuron-methyl in the counting culture medium were studied specially. Metsulfuron-methyl distinctly inhibited the common aerobic heterotriphic bacteria, but the effects on common fungi and common actinomycete were not evident. In the meantime, the number of tolerant fungi increased greatly in the rhizosphere after the application of metsulfuron-methyl in contrast to the significant decrease of the amount of tolerant actinomycete. It indicates that fungi might turn into the dominant microbial type and actinomycete is the sensitive factor in the soil polluted by sulfonylurea residues. The population of aromatic compounds–decomposing bacteria, aerobic azotobacter, and nitrite bacteria all increased in the earlier period, but the aerobic azotobacter decreased rapidly in number 30 days later, and the amount of nitrite bacteria also showed a temporary decrease with time 15 days later. However, the denitrifying bacteria just began to increase significantly after the crops had grown for 50 days. The amount of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria gradually decreased with the growth of crops, and so were the sulfate-reducing bacteria after metsulfuron-methyl application. To all types of microorganisms, there were more microbes in rhizosphere samples than those in nonrhizosphere except aerobic azotobacter. It means the growth of wheat root system can stimulate the growth of most microorganisms. The activities of hydrogen peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in soil samples after metsulfuron-methyl application were notably lower than those in the control, and the difference of the activities between the samples of rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere was evident. On the contrary, the activity of dehydrogenase was not inhibited by the application of metsulfuron-methyl, and the rhizosphere effect was not obvious either.     

利用光微生物燃料电池实现养猪废水资源化利用研究

采用光合细菌和微藻分别作为阳极和阴极接种物构建了双室光微生物燃料电池,考察了氮、磷浓度及阳极处理后的养猪废水对阴极微藻生长的影响,探讨了构建的光微生物燃料电池产电性能及去除养猪废水中COD、氨氮和总磷的效果.结果表明,阴极微藻不仅能利用无机硝态氮和氨氮,而且更喜好有机氮尿素;此外,阴极微藻可适应较高浓度的氮(250 mg·L-1)和磷(64.8 mg·L-1).构建的光微生物燃料电池以养猪废水为基质,外载为1000Ω时,稳定输出电压为161 m V;养猪废水的COD、氨氮及总磷去除率分别为91.8%、90.2%和81.7%.养猪废水经阳极光合细菌处理后培养微藻16 d,藻细胞光密度(OD680)可达3.40,略低于对照BG11培养基.因此,构建的光微生物燃料电池在处理养猪废水产电的同时,可收获微藻实现养猪废水资源化.     

A Bayesian network highlighting the linkages between landscape structure and the local economy: the case of agritourism in lowland areas of Northern Italy

Linking landscapes to socio-economic benefits necessarily requires considering the usability of landscape structure. To do so, however, depends on the interaction between users and producers of landscape-related services. We illustrate this interaction with a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) in a case study analysing the connection between residents' perceptions of landscape structure and agritourism restaurants in the eastern lowlands of Ferrara (Italy). We use estimates of prior and conditional probabilities from a mix of different data: land use, survey data, regional statistics, and expert judgements to show the likely effects of the landscape structure on the local economy by using intermediate forms of services (i.e. second-order services). The second-order service is highly influenced by the agritourism density and by the frequency with which customers dine at agritourism restaurants and less by landscape attractiveness, confirming the importance of the supply and demand of second-order services in the provision of landscape-related services.     

三江平原典型湿地类型土壤微生物特征与土壤养分的研究

为探讨不同湿地类型土壤微生物数量和酶活性的分布特征及其与土壤养分的关系,本研究选择了三江平原洪河湿地保护区4种典型湿地类型(小叶章+沼柳湿地、小叶章湿地、毛苔草湿地和芦苇湿地)的土壤为研究对象.结果表明4种湿地类型在0~30 cm土层内:1土壤有机碳、全氮和全磷均随土层深度的增加而减少,速效钾、速效磷和速效氮则未表现出有规律的变化,且不同湿地类型土壤养分含量差异显著.2土壤微生物数量为细菌放线菌真菌,3种微生物菌落数量均随土层深度的增加而减少.土壤微生物总数量以小叶章湿地最多,毛苔草湿地最少.3土壤蔗糖酶和纤维素酶活性均随土层深度的增加而减少,而土壤过氧化氢酶活性未表现出有规律的变化.小叶章+沼柳湿地和小叶章湿地中3种酶活性显著性高于毛苔草湿地和芦苇湿地(P0.05).4相关性分析表明,土壤细菌、真菌和纤维素酶与土壤养分各指标均呈极显著或显著正相关,放线菌和蔗糖酶与速效钾、过氧化氢酶与速效钾、速效磷无显著相关性关系.因此,土壤微生物和酶活性是反映土壤养分状况的重要指标.     

土木建筑施工安全生产聚集性活动的安全专项管理

土木建筑安全生产形势严峻,重特大事故时有发生,因此控制工程建设过程的安全生产事故意义重大。基于作业条件危险性评价原理和安全生产责任与事故管理机制,提出土木建筑施工作业活动聚集性安全生产专项管理创新方法。基于国内相关研究成果,建议了土木建筑施工活动聚集性程度的分类标准、分级管理模式,以及聚集性活动安全专项管理计划。