基于多元统计分析的浅层地下水受人为活动影响表征性指标筛选

本文利用描述性统计分析、主成分分析和聚类分析,研究了马鞍山地区浅层地下水中19种水化学指标数据的离散性、指标间的相关性。结果表明:TDS、Fe、Mn、F-、NO-2可作为该地区人为活动对地下水影响的表征指标。对上述五种指标的综合分析显示,马鞍山地区地下水受人为活动的影响程度可分为三个区:西北区以马鞍山主城区及郊区为代表,主城区地下水受人为活动的影响程度大,郊区地下水受人为活动的影响程度较大;东南区地下水受人为活动影响程度中等;西南区及丹阳、新市镇和薛津镇一带地下水受到人为活动影响程度小。     

DETERMINISTIC MODELS FOR PREDICTING RESIDENTIAL WATER CONSUMPTION1

ABSTRACT: Forecasts of future urban water demand traditionally have been made by the projection of historic trends in per capita consumption and population. This paper outlines the use of two deterministic models to forecast the residential component of urban water demand. The models incorporate specific representation of the activities which result in water consumption at each residence. Predictions of water use can then be made by modeling the changes expected in the number of these activities and the consumption for each such activity.     

WATER-BASED ACTIVITY INVOLVEMENT FOR RECREATION CONSUMERS AT STATE,FEDERAL, LOCAL,OR PRIVATE FACILITIES1

ABSTRACT: The water-based activity involvement of participants at state and federal and local and private facilities identified by using participation rate groups is examined. No differences between participant groups within activities based on socio-economic characteristics were found. However, groups of highly active individuals were identified at both types of properties. It is suggested that social action system variables be added to traditional social aggregate variables to assist the understanding of leisure involvement.     

WATER-ORIENTED RECREATION IN THE DISTRICT OF MUSKOKA,ONTARIO1

ABSTRACT: In Ontario no major studies have been attempted in the area of water-oriented recreation to guide planned development. To fill this gap a comprehensive investigation was undertaken on a group of lakes in the District of Muskoka, one of the premier tourist regions of the province. This paper presents the results of this study which focusses on the lake environment, recreational activities, attitudes, and perceptions of the cottagers.     

金沙江流域水土流失与人类活动影响分析

长江三峡水利枢纽工程能否正常发挥效益，泥沙是重要的制约因素之一，而水库的泥沙主要来自上游金沙江，其多年平均输沙量占入库寸滩站的５２７％。因此，本文对金沙江泥沙的地区组成、水土流失及人类活动影响等问题进行了深入的分析，并提出了防治对策。     

Use of Satellite Imagery as Environmental Impact Assessment Tool: A case Study from the Nw Egyptian Red Sea Coastal Zone

Knowledge and detecting impacts of human activities on the coastal ecosystem is an essential management requirement and also very important for future and proper planning of coastal areas. Moreover, documentation of these impacts can help in increasing public awareness about side effects of unsustainable practices. Analysis of multidate remote sensing data can be used as an effective tool in environmental impact assessment (EIA). Being synoptic and frequent in coverage, multidate data from Landsat and other satellites provide a reference record and bird’s eye viewing to the environmental situation of the coastal ecosystem and the associated habitats. Furthermore, integration of satellite data with field observations and background information can help in decision if a certain activity has caused deterioration to a specific habitat or not. The present paper is an attempt to utilize remote sensing data for assessment impacts of some human activities on the major sensitive habitats of the NW Egyptian Red Sea coastal zone, definitely between Ras Gemsha and Safaga. Through multidate change analysis of Landsat data (TM & ETM+ sensors), it was possible to depict some of the human infringements in the area and to provide, in some cases, exclusive evidences for the damaging effect of some developmental activities.     

Leaf area development, dry weight accumulation and solar energy conversion efficiencies of Phaseolus vulgaris L. under different soil moisture levels near Nairobi, Kenya

Leaf area development, dry weight accumulation and solar energy conversion efficiencies of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv GLP-2 under two soil moisture levels in two contrasting seasons near Nairobi, Kenya were investigated. The experiment confirms that dry weights and yields of Phaseolus vulgaris are limited by a drought induced decrease in leaf area, leading to less radiation interception as a source for assimilation. However, photosynthetic efficiency in Phaseolus vulgaris also appears to decrease and to contribute to these effects. Finally, an even larger decreases of economic efficiency as obtained in the second season, where stress lasted much later into the season, reveals that such a drought also limits considerably the partitioning and translocation of assimilates to the seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris. The efficiencies obtained are in line with the better literature data for other crops.     

东北平原西部沙地的气候变异与土地荒漠化

东北平原西部沙地位于欧亚大陆中纬度巨型沙带的东部边缘 ,为我国荒漠化土地的东缘。随着经济的发展 ,生态环境遭到严重破坏 ,荒漠化景观日益明显 ,前景令人堪忧。气候因素是荒漠化发展的一个基本因素 ,东北平原西部沙地是我国北方气候条件最好的沙区 ,但目前对于区域荒漠化驱动因子的气候因素影响方面的研究未开展系统的工作。论文系统分析了东北平原西部沙地影响荒漠化的现代气候因素特点 ,探讨了在较好气候条件下气候变异、人类活动与荒漠化之间的关系 ,并根据气候发展趋势预测了未来在自然因素作用下沙地的可能发展趋势。     

Perceiving Land-Degrading Activities from the Lay Perspective in Northern China

Investigation into local peoples’ perceptions can produce useful information that could be incorporated into the decision-making process to help resolve environmental problems. Within the arena of land degradation, a number of studies have also been conducted to explore local peoples’ views of the problem. However, the perceptions of land-degrading practices of the general public have so far not been actively solicited. This study aimed to contribute to this area of research by adopting the psychometric scaling technique to empirically explore the lay public’s ecological risk perceptions of land-degrading activities in Minqin County in Gansu Province, northern China. The primary data were collected via a questionnaire survey (n = 1,138) administered between 14 and 31 December 2002. The major findings of the survey were: (1) Respondents perceived the ecological risks posed by different land-degrading activities to be different. (2) There was a considerable incongruence in the way in which mining of groundwater was conceived by experts and laymen, respectively. (3) Respondents were pretty unsure of expert knowledge. (4) Respondents’ ecological risk perceptions were significantly affected by their personal attributes. As far as the policy implications of these findings are concerned, this study accentuates that we must be aware of, and involved in, the environmental perceptions of the lay public in order to succeed in guiding any human-environment tensions along more sustainable trajectories and navigating the transition to sustainability.     

聚乙烯微塑料对土壤养分和酶活性的影响

微塑料污染对土壤生态系统的威胁引起了广泛关注.为了明确聚乙烯微塑料对土壤性质的影响,通过为期4个月的土壤培养试验,探究不同质量分数（1 %、2.5 %、5 %）和粒径（30目、100目）聚乙烯微塑料对土壤化学性质、养分含量和酶活性的影响.结果表明:①100目2.5 %和5 %微塑料处理显著降低了土壤pH,不同质量分数和粒径聚乙烯微塑料添加对土壤电导率影响不显著.②相比于CK,添加微塑料会不同程度降低土壤速效钾、有效磷和硝态氮含量.添加100目微塑料显著增加了土壤有机质和铵态氮含量.③当微塑料粒径为100目时,相比于CK,不同质量分数处理均显著提高了土壤过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性,5 %处理显著降低了土壤蔗糖酶活性.④土壤性质的变化受微塑料质量分数和粒径影响,质量分数越高、粒径越小,影响越显著.综上,聚乙烯微塑料对土壤性质的影响没有预期的明显,未来研究应重点关注不同影响所涉及的机制问题.