城市土壤压实对树木叶片叶绿素及光合生理特性的影响

由于机械碾压、人为践踏等原因,城市土壤压实严重。由于压实,土壤物理性状发生改变：土壤容重增大、孔隙度降低及结构性变差等。这些改变影响土壤性质的同时影响树木的生长。以乐昌含笑Micheliach apensis、深山含笑Michelia maudiae和大叶冬青llex latifola为实验材料,参照南京市土壤压实现状模拟不同程度的土壤压实环境,研究了土壤压实下乐昌含笑、深山含笑和大叶冬青3种幼树叶片叶绿素含量、光合生理特性等的变化情况。采用乙醇萃取法测定树木叶片叶绿素含量,用美国Li-coR公司生产的Li-6400光合仪测定树木叶片光合生理特性,测定参数包括净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（G）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、胞间cO2摩尔分数（Ci）等。并分析树木叶绿素含量在不同土壤压实环境下变化差异性,及各光合生理参数之间相关性。结果表明,随着压实强度的增强,3种树种叶绿素含量逐渐降低;与对照相比,不同压实处理下,叶片叶绿素含量均不同程度下降,且在重度压实下各树种叶片叶绿素含量降低幅度均最大,分别达到41．87％、29．36％及27．66％;方差分析表明,各土壤压实处理下叶绿素含量与对照之间存在显著性差异;在压实环境下,光合生理特性参数值净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（G）和蒸腾速率（珀与对照下各参数数值相比也呈下降趋势。皮尔森相关性分析发现,各光合生理特性参数之间相关性显著。但不同压实处理下,各树木胞间CO2浓度（G）变化趋势不一致。     

酸雨胁迫对木荷叶片气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了3种不同pH值（2.5、4.0、5.6）的模拟酸雨溶液对2年生木荷（Schima superba）幼苗叶片气体交换和荧光参数的影响。结果表明：在不同酸雨处理下,净光合速率和气孔导度日变化均呈＂双峰＂型,最大净光合速率和最高表观量子效率（AQE）变化趋势依次是pH4.0〉pH5.6〉pH2.5,说明pH4.0处理对木荷光合作用有促进作用;在不同酸雨处理下,PSⅡ原初光能转换效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ潜在活性（Fv/Fo）和相对叶绿素含量均呈现出pH4.0〉pH5.6〉pH2.5的变化趋势,pH4.0酸雨处理下表现出最高值,说明适度降低酸雨pH值（pH4.0）并不会对木荷的光合系统活性造成损伤,反而有促进作用,表明木荷对酸雨有较强的适应能力。     

光合细菌光合产氢机理研究进展

Hydrogen production by photosynthetic bacteria has recently received renewed attention because of the global－warming problem.This paper presents a review on the basic process of hydrogen photoproduction and the actions of nitrogenase and hydrogenase in this process.The primary factors affecting the hydrogen production are also presented.The recent researches on efficiency of energy conversion are summarized.     

光合细菌促菠菜生长机理初探

对光合细菌（ Ｐ Ｓ Ｂ） 菌液经稀释后喷施叶面可促进菠菜生长的机理进行了初步研究,发现施用 Ｐ Ｓ Ｂ 菌液后,可使菠菜叶中叶绿素含量增加１０ ．５５ ％ ,使 Ｃ Ｏ２ 的吸收率和光合强度分别提高６１ ．９９ ％ 、１３ ．８ ％ ,使二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶（ Ｒ Ｕ Ｂ Ｐ） 活力增强３４ 倍． Ｐ Ｓ Ｂ菌液还可改变地壤中微生物菌群的组成：细菌、固氮菌、放线菌数量增多,真菌量减少．提示：光合细菌是通过提高菠菜自身的光合效率及增加土壤肥力来起到促生长作用的．     

丛枝菌根真菌对鸢尾的促进作用研究

为高效利用水陆两栖植物鸢尾修复污染水体,本研究通过测定不同的丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）与鸢尾构建共生体系的生长指标、土壤理化性质及植物光合作用指标,探讨不同AMF对水生植物鸢尾的促进作用。结果表明：AMF对鸢尾的促进作用主要体现在地上及地下两部分,其中地下部分通过利用其庞大的菌丝网络吸收土壤中的营养物质,进而促进了鸢尾的生长,其中对比无菌剂侵染的空白植物,摩西球囊霉作用的鸢尾对氮元素的吸收率提高71.75％,磷元素的吸收率提高8.36％,而根内球囊霉作用的鸢尾对氮元素的吸收率提高42.55％,磷元素的吸收率提高9.5％;而地上部分则是通过加强叶片气孔导度的开启来调控植物净光合速率与蒸腾速率之间的平衡,进而提高了鸢尾的最优水资源利用率,加快植物的新陈代谢,最终促进植物的生长发育。其中对于鸢尾光合作用的调节摩西球囊霉的促进效果显著好于（P＜0.05）根内球囊霉。     

光合细菌(PSB)处理明胶废水中填料挂膜性能研究

分别以纤维填料和毛刷填料为载体,采用优势菌种挂膜法,利用光合细菌处理明胶生产过程中产生的磷钙废水。两种填料表现出不同的挂膜效果,综合比较二者的挂膜时间、最终COD去除率和TP含量后得出毛刷填料挂膜性能优于纤维填料,其挂膜时间为23 d,最终COD去除率和TP含量分别达到93%,2.8 mg/L,在磷钙水处理中有适应性。通过对2种填料的电镜分析,发现纤维填料表面挂膜前后没有变化且十分光滑,而毛刷填料挂膜前表面粗糙,挂膜后表面有鳞片状突起,粗糙的表面状况有利于光合细菌的附着,最终促进生物膜功效的发挥。废水中Ca2+和pH是影响填料挂膜的主要因素。     

球形红细菌好氧降解氯代苯研究

采用光合细菌球形红细菌在好氧条件下对氯代苯进行生物降解.结果表明,氯代苯不能作为球形红细菌生长的惟一碳源和能源,球形红细菌好氧降解氯代苯是在适宜碳源存在下以共代谢的方式进行;根据分析细胞提取液中双加氧酶活性和代谢中间产物,推断出其降解机制为邻位裂解途径,按先开环再脱氯过程进行,邻苯二酚1,2-双加氧酶的活性可以通过氯代...     

光合细菌利用沼液废水制氢的影响因素

沼液资源化利用将是未来热点问题,首次尝试研究利用光合细菌处理沼液废水的产氢工艺条件,探讨反应预处理时间、光照度、温度、沼液的pH值和接种量因素对光合细菌产氢过程的影响。结果表明,在光照厌氧的条件下,光合细菌产氢的最佳工艺条件为:温度35℃,光照度1 000 lux,pH值9,接种量50%,反应预处理时间24 h,最大产氢量达到500mL/(200 mL沼液),对进一步研究开发光合细菌处理沼液废水和产氢有重要的参考价值。     

Growth and photosynthetic responses to copper in wild grapevine

The present study evaluates the tolerance and accumulation potential of Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris under moderate and high external Cu levels. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effects of a range of external Cu concentrations (0–23 mmol L⁻¹) on growth and photosynthetic performance by measuring gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic pigments. We also measured the total copper, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium and sodium concentrations in the plant tissues. All the experimental plants survived even with external Cu concentrations as high as 23 mmol L⁻¹ (1500 mg Cu L⁻¹), although the excess of metal resulted in a biomass reduction of 35%. The effects of Cu on growth were linked to a reduction in net photosynthesis, which may be related to the effect of the high concentration of the metal on photosynthetic electron transport. V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris survived with leaf Cu concentrations as high as 80 mg kg⁻¹ DW and growth parameters were unaffected by leaf tissue concentrations of 35 mg Cu kg⁻¹ DW. The results of our study indicate that plants of V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris from the studied population are more tolerant to Cu than the commercial varieties of grapevine that have been studied in the literature, and could constitute a basis for the genetic improvement of Cu tolerance in grapevine.     

Effects of simulated acid rain on saplings of Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata

The effects of simulated acid rain with pH values of 6.63 (control, 4.5, 3.0, and 2.0 on saplings of Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolate, were studied. The results showed that the pH of C.lanceolate, leaf sap and soil decreased as the acidity of rainfall increased. The acid rain with very low pH had significant effects on the photosynthetic rates per plant, but not on that of the per unit weight of dry leaves. The respiration rates of the two species were stimulated. Root and leaf boimass, but not stem biomass, were also reduced tremendously during a seven months period.