底泥微生物在红树林生态系统中的作用

微生物-营养物质-植物之间的紧密联系是红树林生态系统中营养物质保存和循环的主要机制之一。具有高生产力和丰富多样性的底泥微生物，不断地将红树林凋落物转化成可被植物利用的氮、磷或其他营养物质。植物根系分泌物又为该系统中微生物和其他大型生物提供营养。文章综述了国内外有关红树林生态系统中微生物的营养物质转化方面的主要研究结果，并阐明了这些微生物对该系统生产力的重要贡献。为了更好地保护红树林生态系统，维持和恢复其微生物系统是必要的。     

Leaf area development, dry weight accumulation and solar energy conversion efficiencies of Phaseolus vulgaris L. under different soil moisture levels near Nairobi, Kenya

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Effects of drought climate on the photosynthesis of Aneurolepidium chinense community in the typical steppe region of Inner Mongolia

Under the dry weather conditions in the typical steppe region of Inner Mongolia, the diurnal change curve of photosynthetic rate of Aneurolepidium chinense community is a curve of "double peaks" with midday depression. The photosynthetic rate in the morning is height than in the afternoon, which is related to the water condition at that time. The decrease range of community photosynthetic rate at noon is closely correlated with the low air relative humidity and soil moisture, the photosynthetic rate decreases less under better water condition.The instantaneous photosynthetic rate and diurnal net photosynthesis declined in dry condition, but they rised after irrigation or nitrogen-fertilization. Thus irrigation and fertilization is a effective way to improve grasslands and to raise grassland productivity.     

Purification of AS-CMP effluent by combined photosynthetic bacteria and coagulation treatment

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｐｕｌｐａｎｄｐａｐｅｒｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｉｓａｍａｊｏｒｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｏｒｔｏｗａｔｅｒｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｉｎＣｈｉｎａ.Ｉｎ1995,ｔｈｅｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅｄｂｙｐｕｌｐａｎｄｐａｐｅｒｉｎｄｕｓｔ...     

纵向岭谷区高速公路干扰强度对沿线植物主要生理生态特征的影响

选定西南纵向岭谷区的大保(大理-保山)和思小(思茅-小勐养)2段高速公路,在分析公路建设对植物生理特征影响方式的基础上,采用方差分析和LSD检验等方法研究了高速公路干扰强度对沿线主要建群种植物光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和水分利用效率(WUE)等指标的影响.结果表明:1)高速公路建设对植物生理生态指标的干扰强度随着与公路距离的增大而逐渐减弱;2)随着公路干扰程度的加剧,选定乔木的Pn和WUE整体呈下降趋势(p＜0.05),Tr呈上升趋势(P＜0.05),灌草植物Pn、WUE和Tr在整体上均呈增大趋势(p＜0.05),但Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级和部分Ⅲ级干扰对各指标的影响不大(p＞0.05);3)2条公路沿线各选定植物的生理生态指标变化幅度不同,大保公路沿线选定的乔木和灌木植物Pn、WUE和Tr,草本植物Pn的变化幅度大于思小公路沿线;不同植物类型比较,选定的灌木和草本植物Pn和Tr的变化幅度大于乔木,WUE变化幅度小于乔木.     

光合细菌处理维生素B12废水影响因素的试验研究

利用正交试验设计研究pH值、光照时间和温度等生长因子对光合细菌处理维生素B₁₂废水效果的影响，结果表明，当pH为7.0、昼夜自然光照、温度为30℃时，净化效果最佳，并对不同溶解氧条件下的废水处理效果进行了对比试验。     

酸雨致酸土壤对小麦幼苗若干营养代谢的影响

通过模拟酸雨淋洗土壤,造成土壤酸化和盐基流失.将小麦幼苗栽培于由酸雨致酸的土壤,其体内的碳素代谢和氮素代谢受到抑制,从而导致体内可溶性糖含量和含N量下降.其中致酸土壤对根系碳素代谢和氮素代谢的抑制作用大于对茎叶碳素代谢和氮素代谢的抑制作用.表4参23     

HCO-3碱度对铜绿微囊藻生长与光合活性的影响

研究了23 mM (ALK23)和124 mM (ALK124) HCO-3对铜绿微囊藻(〖WTBX〗Microcystis aeruginosa〖WTBZ〗 FACHB 927)生长与光合特性的影响。实验结果表明，ALK23显著抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长，至培养结束，与对照相比对生物量的抑制率为38%，ALK124条件下虽然至培养结束生物量没有显著变化，但碱度增加铜绿微囊藻生物量有一个快速的增殖期，之后其生长速率持续下降。碱度增加强烈抑制光合色素Chla的合成，ALK23和ALK124条件下对Chla含量抑制率分别为74％和56％。藻胆蛋白与叶绿素a的比值（PBP/Chla）在碱度增加的条件下有显著升高。HCO-3碱度增加，铜绿微囊藻的光合活性先降低之后逐渐恢复，至处理结束表现出低碱度（ALK23）促进光合活性，高碱度（ALK124）对光合活性影响不显著。说明HCO-3碱度增加对铜绿微囊藻有一定伤害作用，与高碱度（ALK124）相比，低碱度（ALK23）对细胞的伤害程度更大，随着细胞的增殖，碱度对细胞的伤害作用逐渐恢复，且低碱度下细胞恢复更快。暗示碱度可以作为水华控制的手段之一.     

Carbon dioxide exchange in the photosynthetic apparatus of trees in a mature spruce phytocenosis of the northern taiga subzone

Carbon dioxide exchange was studied in the photosynthetic apparatus of Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.), Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.), and weeping birch (Betula pendula Roth.) in a mature spruce forest. Parameters of CO₂ balance in different weather were characterized quantitatively on the basis of daily measurements of CO₂ exchange in needles and leaves of woody plants. The percent ratios of the components of carbon balance in needles and leaves of woody plants depending on daily photosynthetic fixation of carbon were determined. In summer, trees consumed 210 kg CO₂/ha (57 kg C/ha) in variable weather and 117 kg CO₂/ha (32 kg C/ha) in cloudy weather. Species specificity of CO₂ consumption was revealed, and the effects of environmental factors on the assimilatory activity of trees were determined.     

Technogenic stress and its effect on deciduous trees (an example from parks in Yaroslavl)

A comparative analysis of several morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of leaves has been performed in birch (Betula pendula Roth), linden (Tilia cordata Mill.), and poplar (Populus nigra L.) trees growing in industrial areas of Yaroslavl with different levels of anthropogenic pollution. The results show that high concentrations of pollutants in the atmosphere suppress the growth of leaves, and the number and severity of necrotic lesions in them increase. Water content in leaves becomes lower, whereas ash content increases. The contents of photosynthetic pigments change as well: the leaves contain smaller amounts of chlorophylls a and b, whereas the accumulation of carotenoids increases. Judging from changes in the test parameters, P. nigra is more resistant to pollution than B. pendula and T. nordata.