双酚A对紫背浮萍生长和光合色素及抗氧化系统影响

以紫背浮萍为实验对象,探究双酚A(bsiphenol A, BPA)对其生长、光合色素含量、抗氧化系统和渗透压调节物质的影响。结果表明,不同浓度(0、1、5、20和50 mg·L~(-1))BPA连续暴露7 d后,与对照组相比,随暴露浓度升高,紫背浮萍湿重和叶绿素含量呈现先显著增加后降低的趋势;暴露组过氧化氢(H_2O_2)含量和抗超氧阴离子自由基活性显著降低;丙二醛(MDA)含量在20和50 mg·L~(-1)组显著升高;暴露组抗氧化酶活性包括超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均低于对照组;谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量在高浓度组显著升高,20 mg·L~(-1)组可溶性糖含量显著升高,可溶性蛋白含量在中高浓度组显著增加。研究表明,中低浓度BPA会提高紫背浮萍光合色素含量,有机物积累增多,促进其生长;但随BPA浓度不断升高,紫背浮萍体内产生氧化损伤,抗氧化酶活性及叶绿素含量降低,生长受到抑制。本研究结果将为BPA污染控制及对水生植物生态毒性效应评价提供理论基础。     

用硫酸酸洗废液制备矾铁黄颜料

介绍了在高酸度（ＰＨ〈１）条件下，用硫酸酸洗废液制备矾铁黄颜料的方法和反应机理。     

高纯二氧化锆生产过程中污染的防治

对高纯二氧化锆的生产工艺进行了改革,采用了新型反应器及胶凝除硅,直接酸溶重结晶,直接煅烧等技术,降低了原材料消耗及能耗,减少了废液排放量,并将回收的废物加工成副产品白炭黑,实现了在生产过程中防治污染。     

微波场协同提取金银花黄色素的正交工艺优化研究

目的是研究金银花黄色素的最佳提取工艺条件。采用正交试验法，以提取剂与原料用量比（A）、提取时间（B）、微波功率（C）和提取次数（D）4个因素，每个因素选取3个水平进行实验，提取次数与微波功率对提取有极显著影响。其最佳工艺条件为：提取剂为无水乙醇，提取剂与原料用量比为1：50（g／ml），提取时间为50s，微波功率为700W，提取次数为3次。     

Responses of two cultivars of Trifolium repens L. to ethylene diurea in relation to ambient ozone

Three ethylene diurea(EDU) concentrations(0,150 and 300 mg/L) were used to evaluate the negative impact of ozone(O3) on two cultivars of Trifolium repens L.cv.Vardan and Bundel grown under natural field conditions in a suburban area of Varanasi,India.Mean O3 concentrations varied from 30.3 to 46.6 μg/L during the experimental period.Higher photosynthetic pigments and ascorbic acid concentrations were noticed in both EDU-treated cultivars over non-EDU-treated ones,but a reverse trend was found for lipid peroxidation.Growth parameters and biomass also showed increments under EDU treatment of both cultivars.The ratio of variable fluorescence to maximum fluorescence increased significantly in Vardan but not in Bundel upon EDU treatment.Results revealed that EDU concentration of 300 mg/L was more effective to combat the oxidative stress as well as protecting plants from O3 injury symptoms.The test cultivar Vardan is relatively sensitive to O3,thereby can be used as a bioindicator of O3 pollution in areas having higher O3 concentrations.Results also indicated that Bundel has more efficient antioxidant defense system than Vardan and hence was more tolerant to O3 stress.     

碳氮源对光合细菌混合菌群产氢性能的影响

碳源和氮源是产氢光合细菌生长发育过程中不可缺少的营养物质,与光合细菌菌株产氢能力相关。以从花园土壤中富集分离出来的光合细菌混合菌群为研究对象,在血清瓶中于30℃下采用厌氧培养方式间歇培养8天,分别考察不同的碳源、氮源、碳氮源组合及其浓度变化对光合细菌产氢行为的影响。结果表明,碳氮源种类对光合细菌产氢能力有显著影响,与氮源相比,碳源对产氢量的影响更为显著,最佳碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为草酸铵。最佳碳氮源组合为葡萄糖和谷氨酸钠组合,葡萄糖和谷氨酸钠浓度分别为3g/L和1g/L时,产氢量和最大产氢速率分别达41.35mLH2/(L-培养基)和0.328mLH2/(L-培养基·h)。研究结果为进一步探索产氢光合细菌生长的营养生理奠定了基础,对大规模培养条件的优化提供了依据。     

氯氰菊酯暴露对龙须菜的胁迫影响

在实验室条件下研究了不同浓度氯氰菊酯胁迫下,龙须菜的生长状况及藻体生理生化指标变化情况.结果表明,龙须菜对氯氰菊酯敏感性较低,氯氰菊酯浓度低于100μg.L-1时对龙须菜生长的抑制作用不明显.在氯氰菊酯胁迫的24h内,龙须菜体内的叶绿素a、藻红蛋白、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均呈现出低浓度(5或10μg.L-1)促进、高浓度(10或50μg.L-1)抑制的现象.在本研究设置的氯氰菊酯浓度下(1～100μg.L-1),膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量均增加,呈现典型的剂量-反应关系,由氧自由基所引起的膜脂过氧化是氯氰菊酯对龙须菜产生毒害作用的重要原因.低浓度暴露早期SOD的激活以及蛋白质和糖类的促进作用对于抵抗氯氰菊酯的过氧化胁迫具有重要作用,但在高浓度氯氰菊酯胁迫下,SOD的失活致使氯氰菊酯对龙须菜产生明显毒性作用.     

好氧污泥-固定化光合细菌联合处理皂素废水研究

对比好氧污泥-固定化光合细菌和好氧污泥-未固定化光合细菌联合处理皂素废水的处理效果.实验结果表明:固定化光合细菌耐受的COD浓度范围明显增大,耐氯性达到20 000 mg/L,适宜的pH范围变宽为5.0～9.0.对于COD浓度为5000 mg· L-1 ～30000 mg·L-1的皂素废水,投加5％ V固定光合细菌∶V活性污泥=1 mL·mL-1∶1 mL·mL-1的接种量,好氧污泥-固定化光合细菌联合处理其CODcr去除率稳定在97％～ 99％,光合细菌的流失量大大减少,且固液分离效果好.     

Effect of cadmium on photosynthetic pigments, lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, and artemisinin in hydroponically grown Artemisia annua

The effects of different cadmium (Cd) concentrations (0, 20, 60, and 100 μmol/L) on hydroponically grown Artemisia annua L. were investigated. Cd treatments applied for 0, 4, 12, 24, 72, 144, 216, and 336 hr were assessed by measuring the changes in photosynthetic pigments, electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidants (ascorbic acid and glutathione), while the artemisinin content was tested after 0, 12, 144, 216, and 336 hr. A significant decrease was observed in photosynthetic pigment levels over time with increasing Cd concentration. Chlorophyll b levels were more affected by Cd than were chlorophyll a or carotenoid levels. The cell membrane was sensitive to Cd stress, as MDA content in all treatment groups showed insignificant differences from the control group, except at 12 hr treatment time. Ascorbic acid (AsA) content changed slightly over time, while glutathione (GSH) content took less time to reach a maximum as Cd concentration increased. Cd was found to promote synthesis and accumulation of artemisinin, especially at concentrations of 20 and 100 μmol/L. In conclusion, Cd stress can damage to photosynthetic pigments, and vigorously growing A. annua showed a strong tolerance for Cd stress. Appropriate amounts of added Cd aided synthesis and accumulation of artemisinin.     

颜料红23对锦鲤的毒性及对部分组织中磷酸酶活性的影响

为了研究偶氮染料颜料红23对水生生物的毒性作用,将锦鲤(Cyprinus carpio)分别暴露于5个质量浓度的颜料红23溶液中,设1个对照组,进行96 h-LC_(50)急性毒性试验,测得其半致死质量浓度(96h-LC_(50))为255.38 mg/L。测定了颜料红23对锦鲤鳃、肝脏及肌肉组织中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性的影响。结果表明:颜料红23对锦鲤鳃中AKP和ACP活性的影响趋势相反,AKP活性表现为诱导—抑制—诱导效应,ACP则表现为抑制—诱导—抑制效应;颜料红23对锦鲤肝脏组织中AKP、ACP活性的影响趋势相同,均表现为抑制效应;在锦鲤肌肉组织中,AKP活性表现为诱导—抑制效应,ACP表现为抑制—诱导—抑制效应。AKP和ACP在鱼体抵御偶氮染料毒性方面有着重要作用。