Chemical characterization of Tan‐Sui River sediment in North Taiwan

Surface sediment samples from four downstream sites of Tan‐Sui River in Taipei metropolitan area were collected from 1997 to 1999. The semivolatile organic pollutants present in the sediments were screened by GC/MSD. Several target compounds including sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), seven chlorobenzenes, two phthalates and the total amount of C8‐C32 aliphatic hydrocarbons were quantified. The concentration of the 16 PAHs ranges from 0.21 to 5.69 μg/g of which fluoranthene, pyrene and phenanthrene were the highest. The concentration of the total chlorobenzenes ranged from 0.04 to 5.85 μg/g. The concentration of bis(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate ranges from 3.8 to 35.3 μg/g and that of the total C8‐C32 aliphatic hydrocarbons ranges from 0.94 to 10.6 μg/g. Some of these values are higher than similar sediment survey in Japan in the eighties. The concentration of bis(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate is much higher than the no‐effect level (0.184 μg/g) set by McDonald. Some of the PAHs have already reached the level of biological effects. As compared with the sediment samples collected from Tou‐Chien River and Pu‐Ze River located at the west of Taiwan, the chlorobenzene concentrations of sediments in Tan‐Sui River are 5–6 times higher, the PAHs are 6–10 times higher and the phthalates are 11–20 times higher. Nonylphenol was also commonly found in the Tan‐Sui River sediment. There is a decreasing tendency of PAHs and phthalates concentration from surface to bottom for the core sample at Taipei Bridge site. Such tendency is less obvious for chlorobenzenes.     

快速溶剂萃取—凝胶渗透色谱净化-GC／MS分析土壤中酞酸酯（PAEs）

采用毛细管柱气相色谱-质谱选择离子检测技术,结合加速溶剂萃取和凝胶渗透色谱净化方法,分析土壤中的6种酞酸酯类（PAFs）化合物。结果表明,土壤中6种PAEs检出限在14—42μg/kg间,加标平均回收率为65．5％～104．4％,相对标准偏差为5．19％～9．61％。方法具有操作简便、纯化效果好和对环境友好的特点,且具有很强的实用性。     

化妆品中邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素检测方法研究

建立了用高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)3种邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的方法。样品用甲醇超声提取、高速离心、0.45μm有机相滤膜过滤。色谱条件选择流动相组成为甲醇-水(85∶15,v/v),紫外检测器波长为224nm。回收率在98.1%～99.8%之间,相对标准偏差RSD在0.78%～1.5%之间,最低检出限在0.48～0.91μg/L之间,相关系数均>0.998。该方法简便易行,可作为化妆品中邻苯二甲酸酯类的测定。     

Concentrations of phthalate esters and identification of other additives in PVC children’s toys

This study was intended to provide data on the composition of soft PVC toys, addressing the widest practicable range of chemical additives and including non-phthalate additives. The study also included toys from as many countries as possible, since for many, no data were available. A total of 72 toys were purchased in 17 countries. The majority (64) were PVC or had PVC sections. In almost all the soft PVC toys analysed, phthalates comprised a sizeable proportion (most frequently 10–40%) of the total weight of the toy. The predominant phthalates detected were diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Other phthalates identified in high concentrations in some toys include isomeric mixes of diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP) and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP). The estrogenic chemical nonylphenol was isolated from 13 toys, while 2 toys were found to contain the fungicide Fungitrol 11 (Folpet). 78% of PVC toys contained one or more extractable organic compounds in addition to those reported above. Some of these data have been released previously by Greenpeace and made available on the internet.This report, however, which is intended for a technically expert audience, has been peer reviewed and contains further analytical data that have not been published before.     

酞酸酯暴露及风险评价研究进展

酞酸酯的暴露及健康风险研究日趋深入。在综述了酞酸酯的物化性质、接触机会两方面特性,以及体内代谢、健康危害两方面的最新研究进展基础上,比较了其国内外相关标准现状,总结了酞酸酯暴露评估现状及健康风险研究现状,提出并分析了存在的问题,并对其今后的研究进行了展望。     

酞酸酯在空气和土壤两相间迁移情况的初步研究

以东北某钢铁厂及其周边区域为研究对象,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)方法分析了空气中15种酞酸酯的浓度,并采用基于实测浓度的逸度模型探讨了酞酸酯在空气和土壤两相间的迁移方向和迁移通量.结果表明,研究区域空气中15种酞酸酯总浓度(∑PAEs)在170—487 ng.m-3之间;DMP(邻苯二甲酸二甲酯)、DEP(邻苯二甲酸二乙酯)和DPP(邻苯二甲酸二戊酯)从土壤相向空气相迁移,迁移通量分别为93.5—117.0 g.month-.1km-2,50.2—108.2 g.month-.1km-2和9.4—15.5 g.month-.1km-2;DiBP(邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯)、DBP(邻苯二甲酸二丁酯)、DEHP[邻苯二甲酸双(2-乙基己基)酯]和DINP(邻苯二甲酸二壬酯)从空气相向土壤相迁移,迁移通量分别为530.6—1395.9 g.month-1.km-2,323.8—2408.8 g.month-1.km-2,1302.7—9839.6 g.month-.1km-2和131.4—205.9 g.month-.1km-2.     

高键合量苯基化MCM-41的合成及其吸附特质

采用正硅酸乙脂(TEOS)为硅源,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为结构模板剂,用三甲氧基苯基硅烷(TMPS)作偶联剂,在碱性介质中合成苯基修饰MCM-41(Phenyl-MCM-41),对比研究了合成方法和脱模方式。结果表明,在分步合成法中,采用酸萃取脱模方式不仅可除去表面活性剂模板剂,而且MCM-41表面的Si-OH反应活性较高,有利于提高键合量;室温条件下,采用TEOS和TMPS共水解缩聚一步直接合成Phenyl-MCM-41,可进一步提高有机键合量,且高键合量的介孔复合体具有高的热稳定性和很强的疏水性。以Phenyl-MCM-41作为固相微萃取(SPME)的吸附涂层材料,与HPLC联用,考察了对水样中邻苯二甲酸酯的吸附分离性质及其在黄河水样中的分析应用,该法具有操作简单、吸附速度快、线性范围宽和灵敏度高的特点。     

甘肃省农业土壤邻苯二甲酸酯累积特征及来源分析

为了解甘肃省农业土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）的组成及累积特征,采集了甘肃省4种农业土壤共41个土壤样品,利用气相色谱单四级杆质谱联用仪（GC-MS）分析了6种PAEs化合物含量.结果表明,甘肃省农业土壤中6种PAEs化合物,平均值为432.4 μg ·kg^-1,土壤中DMP、DEP、DnBP、DEHP和DNOP检出率为100%,BBP均未检出.甘肃省4种农业土壤PAEs平均值大小顺序依次为：温室>农田（露地）>森林>草原,参照美国土壤6种优控的PAEs控制标准,邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（DnBP）、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）超标率分别为94%、28%和27%,其余3种均未超标.不同农业土壤中的PAEs组成由于其来源不同而具有差异性,6种不同PAEs单体中DEHP和DnBP组分占比较高,是甘肃省农业土壤中PAEs的主要污染物.本研究中土壤PAEs、DEHP含量分别与农田地膜残留量呈显著的正相关关系（P <0.05）.总体上,甘肃省河西地区土壤PAEs含量明显高于陇东地区.     

邻苯二甲酸酯的光降解研究

为了了解水环境中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的降解及归趋,对紫外光照射下邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP),邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)的光降解过程进行了研究,并采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分别对3种物质降解过程中生成的中间体进行了分析,提出了可能的降解机理.研究结果显示,所测试的3种邻苯二甲酸酯的降解过程均符合一级反应动力学.以UV/H2O2工艺降解DMP,浓度为10.0mg·L-1的DMP在H2O2为20.0 mg·L-1条件下,光照45min降解率可达90%以上.对邻苯二甲酸酯及H2O2的初始浓度、光照时间及pH值等因素对降解过程的影响进行了研究,以期为该方法的实际应用提供必要的基础.     

江苏某县地下水邻苯二甲酸酯类的检测与风险评价

在江苏某癌症高发区对地下水进行布点,采用固相萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用方法测定深层地下水和浅层地下水中邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)的浓度。检测结果表明,地下水中PAEs污染程度较严重,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)均有超标现象,其中,丰水期深层地下水和枯水期浅层地下水中DBP超标率达到100%,最大超标10.7倍。PAEs总质量浓度均值为10 034.56~14 872.91 ng/L,丰水期总浓度均值大于枯水期,浅层地下水的总浓度均值大于深层地下水。采用优化的USEPA风险评价模型,对PAEs进行人体健康风险评价,评价结果表明,该地区52.5% 地下水的PAEs总致癌风险超过10^-6的水质监控值,总非致癌风险在可接受范围内。