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201.
Carlos M. Monreal Amarpreet Chahal Morris Schnitzer Owen Rowland 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(5):326-339
Little is known about the mixed fungal synthesis of high-value aliphatics derived from the metabolism of simple and complex carbon substrates. Trichoderma koningii and Penicillium janthinellum were fed with undecanoic acid (UDA), potatoe dextrose broth (PDB), and their mixture. Pyrolysis Field Ionization Mass Spectrometry (Py-FIMS) together with 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) characterized CHCl3 soluble aliphatics in the fungal cell culture. Data from NMR and Py-FIMS analysis were complementary to each other. On average, the mixed fungal species produced mostly fatty acids (28% of total ion intensity, TII) > alkanes (2% of TII) > n-diols (2% of TII) > and alkyl esters (0.8% of TII) when fed with UDA, PDB or UDA+PDB. The cell culture accumulated aliphatics extracellularly, although most of the identified compounds accumulated intracellularly. The mixed fungal culture produced high-value chemicals from the metabolic conversion of simple and complex carbon substrates. 相似文献
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5种典型有机磷酸酯在水-土壤界面吸附特征及影响因素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究通过模拟5种典型有机磷酸酯(OPEs)在水-土壤界面吸附过程,建立了3种土壤对OPEs的等温吸附方程,并探讨了不同的温度和溶解性有机碳(DOC)浓度对吸附过程的影响.结果表明,5种OPEs单体均能在吸附进行12 h后达到吸附平衡; 5种单体均能较好地符合Freundlich吸附等温方程,决定系数R2范围为0. 963~0. 995;相关性分析表明,结构相似单体的平衡分配系数(Kd)值具有显著相关性(P 0. 05),说明表明除了理化性质,分子结构也是影响Kd值的因素之一.温度和DOC对吸附影响的研究表明,温度对本研究中的5种单体的Kd值影响较为显著,随着温度升高,Kd值均呈现出下降的趋势;磷酸三(2-丁氧基乙基)酯(TBEP)和磷酸三(1,3-二氯-1-丙基)酯(TDCP)的Kd值是受DOC影响最为显著的两类单体,均表现出先迅速降低然后再升高的趋势,而其他几种OPEs单体的Kd值随着DOC的增大并未表现出明显的增高或减少的趋势. 相似文献
205.
建立了Zorbax-CN柱和含0.1%异丙醇的正己烷为洗脱液,在224nm处紫外检测的液相色谱系统,并应用该系统测试了北京市工业废水、地面水、地下水和饮用水中的酞酸酯。水样经正己烷萃取后,不需净化(如柱层析)即可直接进入液相色谱系统进行分析。方法检出限:酞酸二甲酯1.0ng;酞酸二乙酯0.4ng;酞酸二正丁酯、酞酸二正辛酯和酞酸-双-(2-乙基己基)酯为0.2ng。定量分析的线性范围为0.1~450ppb,回收率为70~110%,5~7次平行测试的变异系数在10%以内。 相似文献
206.
太湖重点区域水环境中邻苯二甲酸酯的污染水平及生态风险评价 总被引:1,自引:4,他引:1
为了解太湖重点区域水环境中邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalate esters,PAEs)的污染情况,对丰水期、枯水期和平水期目标区域的水体和沉积物中6种PAEs进行分析,3个水期水体中PAEs浓度分别为1.6~11.2μg·L-1(平均值3.68μg·L-1)、nd~6.21μg·L-1(平均值1.3μg·L-1)和nd~1.72μg·L-1(平均值0.48μg·L-1),从上游至下游未呈现明显浓度变化,其中邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯[di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP]对ΣPAEs浓度的贡献比较大,邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(di-n-butyl phthalate,DBP)在某些采样点高于国内标准.沉积物中PAEs含量范围在0.74~6.90μg·g-1(平均值2.64μg·g-1),主要成分是DBP和DEHP.生态风险评价的结果表明,DBP和DEHP是重点区域中最主要的风险因子;沉积物PAEs中所有种类的含量均未超过风险评价低值(effect range low,ERL),对生物的潜在危害较小.与国内外河流、湖泊与河口等沉积物中PAEs污染水平比较,太湖重点区域水环境中PAEs污染属于中等水平.工业污染和城市活动是水环境中邻苯二甲酸酯的主要来源. 相似文献
207.
采用顶空-气相色谱法测定地表水中乙酸酯类化合物,并对顶空瓶的加热温度、平衡时间进行优化。优化后,方法在6种乙酸酯类化合物质量浓度0.05~1.00 mg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为4.49~58.5μg/L,RSD为0.61%~2.51%,加标回收率为96.5%~104%,方法便捷、环保、经济,适用于地表水中乙酸酯类的检测。 相似文献
208.
Umapron Sadubthummarak Preeda Parkpian Mathuros Ruchirawat Manoch Kongchum R. D. Delaune 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(11):974-982
Jatropha seed cake contains high amounts of protein and other nutrients, however it has a drawback due to toxic compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the methods applied to detoxify the main toxin, phorbol esters in jatropha seed cake, to a safe and acceptable level by maintaining the nutritional values. Phorbol esters are tetracyclic diterpenoids-polycyclic compounds that are known as tumor promoters and hence exhibited the toxicity within a broad range of species. Mismanagement of the jatropha waste from jatropha oil industries would lead to contamination of the environment, affecting living organisms and human health through the food chain, so several methods were tested for reducing the toxicity of the seed cake. The results from this investigation showed that heat treatments at either 120°C or 220°C for 1 hour and then mixing with adsorbing bentonite (10%), nanoparticles of zinc oxide (100 μg/g) plus NaHCO3 at 4%, followed by a 4-week incubation period yielded the best final product. The remaining phorbol esters concentration (0.05–0.04 mg/g) from this treatment was less than that reported for the nontoxic jatropha varieties (0.11–0.27 mg/g). Nutritional values of the seed cake after treatment remained at the same levels found in the control group and these values were crude protein (20.47–21.40 + 0.17–0.25%), crude lipid (14.27–14.68 + 0.13–0.14%) and crude fiber (27.33–29.67 + 0.58%). A cytotoxicity test conducted using L929 and normal human dermal fibroblast cell lines confirmed that most of the toxic compounds, especially phorbol esters, were shown as completely eliminated. The results suggested that the detoxification of phorbol esters residues in the jatropha seed cake was possible while it also retained nutritional values. Therefore, the methods to detoxify phorbol esters are necessary to minimize the toxicity of jatropha seed cake. Further, it is essential to reduce the possible environmental impacts that may be generated throughout the jatropha waste-handling process. However additional tests such as digestibility as well as acceptability of the treated jatropha seed cake should be conducted using both in vivo and in vitro studies before recommending the jatropha seed cake as a source of renewable animal feed and other value-added products. 相似文献
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210.
利用盆栽实验研究了番茄对污染土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的吸收积累特征。结果表明,番茄根系、茎、叶和果实均可以吸收累积PAEs化合物,其含量与土壤污染程度成正相关;相同处理的番茄茎、叶和果实中邻苯二甲酸正丁酯(DBP)含量均高于邻苯二甲酸异辛酯(DEHP),而番茄根系中DBP的含量低于DEHP; 4个不同处理方式土壤中DBP和DEHP的残留量顺序均为:灭菌土壤组灭菌土壤种植番茄苗组未灭菌土壤组未灭菌土壤种植番茄苗组。无论是灭菌处理还是未灭菌处理,有番茄苗组土壤中PAEs含量均低于无番茄苗组,未灭菌土壤种植番茄苗组土壤中PAEs残留量最低,PAEs削减率高达96.39%,有番茄苗组微生物数量大于无番茄苗组。这些说明土壤中PAEs的削减是番茄植物和微生物协同作用的结果。 相似文献