Effect of air masses motion on the rapid change of aerosols in marine atmosphere

The impact of air masses motion on marine aerosol properties was investigated using an on-board single particle mass spectrometer(SPAMS) deployed for the determination of single particle size resolved chemical composition over Southeast China Sea. Two aerosol blooms(E1 and E2) were observed during the cruise. High average particle number count occurred in E1(7320), followed by E2(5850), which was more than 100–150 times of the average particle number count during normal periods. Particles were classified as four major sources, including continental source, shipping source, marine source, and transport source based on the mass spectral similarity. Transport source was identified as those particles with high particle number count occurred only during aerosol bloom period. Three sub-types of EC-Ca, OC-Ca, and Al-rich were classified as transport source.EC-Ca was the dominant particles of the transport source, accounting for more than 70%of the total particles in aerosol bloom events. A uni-modal size distribution in the size range of 0.1–2.0 μm was observed during normal period, while a bimodal distribution with a tiny mode(0.3 μm) and a coarse mode between 0.4 and 0.6 μm was present during aerosol bloom. The variation of aerosol source is consistent with air masses back trajectories, for the reason that most of the long-range air trajectories are from the ocean,while short air trajectories originate in the continental regions, which means that air masses have a significant impact on the aerosol physical–chemical properties along their tracks.     

热障涂层对DD6单晶高温合金高周疲劳性能的影响

目的研究电子束物理气相沉积热障涂层对单晶高温合金高周疲劳性能的影响,为热障涂层在涡轮叶片上的应用提供技术支持。方法采用真空电弧镀和电子束物理气相沉积工艺制备YSZ热障涂层,进行900℃条件下高周疲劳性能测试,采用扫描电镜对测试后的试样表面、断口形貌进行观察与分析。结果在900℃、380 MPa条件下,带涂层的DD6单晶试棒循环次数(Nf)超过了107,420 MPa条件下超过了106。通过对DD6单晶试棒断口分析,失效后的带涂层试棒仍以DD6单晶常见滑移解离形式发生破坏。结论高周疲劳性能测试条件下,带YSZ热障涂层的试棒中粘结层率先产生垂直微裂纹,但是裂纹扩展延伸中发生氧化钝化,之后DD6基体沿正常的滑移方向从表面向内部疲劳扩展,带涂层的试棒疲劳裂纹并非由涂层微裂纹直接扩展形成,热障涂层对DD6单晶高温合金高周疲劳性能影响较小。     

电子束物理气相沉积制备热障涂层研究进展

介绍了电子束物理气相沉积设备的主要组成、工作原理和电子束物理气相沉积热障涂层的结构特点,并重点论述了工件转速、工件温度、靶材蒸汽入射角度、工件表面的粗糙度、粘结层预氧化、改性粘结层和双层陶瓷层等对电子束物理气相沉积热障涂层性能的影响。     

京津冀及周边地区大气污染综合立体观测网的建设与应用

京津冀及周边地区大气染污综合立体观测网针对的是大气重污染发生-演变-消散全过程的核心科学问题,通过制定适用于京津冀及周边地区的大气污染综合观测技术规范,建立了区域大气污染综合立体观测网,开展了近地面及大气边界层气象和大气化学过程的同步观测,构建了监测数据综合分析及共享应用平台,实现了大气环境多源数据综合管理业务化,为大气重污染成因研究提供精准数据集,提升了京津冀秋冬季重污染成因机制研究和精细化源解析的能力,推动了京津冀及周边地区空气质量的持续改善.京津冀及周边地区大气污染综合立体观测网开展了传输通道的加密观测,增加了背景站和手工采样点观测,建立了包括黑碳、氨和重金属等多要素的关键站点,并充分利用了服务于科学研究的超级站和垂直梯度观测技术.京津冀及周边地区大气污染综合立体观测网和数据平台的建立,实现了业务部门与科研部门数据的有效融合与综合管理业务化,具有效率高、代表性好、目的性强的特点,能够很好地应对决策部门不断提高的管理需求.观测网络和平台充分吸取了国外的先进技术和观测经验,保证了观测网长期稳定运行;通过综合环境空气质量监测预警和发布平台,为环境空气质量监测和污染成因综合研究提供技术支撑,最终为实现我国空气质量的全面改善奠定了坚实的基础.      

微藻无机氮利用过程中的稳定氮同位素分馏

选用两种δ15N差异显著的铵态氮和硝态氮,分别设置不同浓度的铵态氮和硝态氮来处理莱茵衣藻和蛋白核小球藻,通过分析微藻的稳定氮同位素组成变化,来研究微藻利用不同浓度、不同形态无机氮过程中的稳定氮同位素分馏特征。结果显示,在未添加无机氮的条件下,微藻利用有机氮时,生长缓慢,稳定氮同位素基本上不存在分馏;在添加低浓度无机氮(≤20 mmol/L)时,微藻的生长和稳定氮同位素分馏都随着无机氮浓度的增加而增加;而添加高浓度无机氮(20 mmol/L)时,微藻的生长趋于稳定,铵态氮条件下的微藻稳定氮同位素分馏继续加大,而硝态氮条件下的微藻稳定氮同位素分馏反而减小,可能与此时微藻硝酸还原酶的活力减小有关。     

华南某市生活垃圾组成特征分析

依据城市生活垃圾采样分析方法对华南某市20个街镇生活垃圾的物理性质和物理组成进行历时一年的研究.结果表明,研究区域垃圾平均容重为0.22×103kg·m-3,垃圾三组分(水分、灰分和可燃物)所占比例分别为55.0%~66.9%、18.6%~30.3%、69.7%~81.4%,有机质含量比例为50.1%~58.0%,各研究区镇垃圾热值范围为6 570~9 652 k J·kg-1,平均热值为8 272 k J·kg-1,高于世界银行推荐的垃圾焚烧所需最低热值(7 000 k J·kg-1).其它物理组分所占比例分别如下:厨余类为39.8%~53.3%,橡塑类为16.5%~33.4%,纸类为5.61%~7.95%,纺织类为1.14%~5.16%,竹类为2.49%~5.12%,玻璃类为1.10%~1.47%,混合类5.86%~7.57%,灰土类2.46%~6.73%,金属0.1%~0.32%,陶瓷0.4%~0.69%.相关分析和主成分分析结果表明纺织类、橡塑类、纸类、可燃物比重对焚烧有促进作用,厨余类、玻璃类、容重、灰分、含水率、灰土等则对焚烧有一定的负影响.     

市政污水氧化沟处理工艺对人类致病菌群落组成的影响——以南京市某污水处理厂为例

人类致病菌(HPB)在市政污水中广泛存在,对人类健康产生严重威胁.以南京市某污水处理厂为例,采集1年内污水处理厂进水、污泥和生化处理出水样品,利用16S rRNA基因PCR扩增和高通量测序技术解析了 HPB群落组成特征,研究了生化处理过程中水质理化指标与HPB群落组成的相关性.结果表明,进水和生化处理出水中HPB的检出...     

江淮流域大洪水的因子分析及成因链初步构造

结合 1998年长江流域的特大洪水 ,提出了洪水成因链的概念 ,分析了各个物理因子对江淮洪水的影响。指出影响江淮洪水的物理因子都是层层相接、环环相扣的 ,它们组成了一个互相联系、互为因果的洪水成因链。成因链上物理因子之间的正反馈作用和消长作用 ,导致成因链上各个因子的致洪理论都不能完全地自圆其说 ,因而也无法完全确定地用于洪水预测。只有深入探讨洪水成因链上物理因子之间的正反馈作用和消长作用 ,对它们进行全面综合的诊断分析 ,才能提高江淮洪水预测的准确率。     

Changes in the Biochemical Composition of Tetraselmis Suecia and Isochrysis Galbana During Growth and Decay

The variations of the biochemical composition of Tetraselmis suecica and Isochrysis galbana during growth and decay were determined. the content of chlorophyll a (Chl-a) of the cultures, as expected, slowly degraded into phaeopigments during decay, confirming that chlorophyll measurements do not always provide an accurate estimate of phytoplanktonic biomass and, consequently, may fail if used to measure the food availability of particulate matter for consumers. Measurements of total amounts of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, related to the nutritional value of particles in terms of caloric content, are shown to provide information on the readily available food for consumers, particularly during the blooms. the protein/carbohydrate, C/N and POC/Chl-a ratios were used to evaluate the differences between these two species during the growth and the decomposition processes. A comparison between experimental and field conditions was undertaken to implement our understanding of the growth and degradation processes of particulate organic matter of phytoplanktonic origin in the sea and its role on natural systems, during and after phytoplankton blooms.     

关于建立资源与环境快速反应系统的探讨

本文阐述了国家快速反应系统的概念及其作用。以建立资源与环境快速反应系统为例,说明建立系统的必要性、系统的内容、组成及技术指示。