黔中石漠化地区不同土地利用方式对土壤环境的影响

在贵州省普定县喀斯特石漠化地区通过调查分析,对3种土地不同利用方式（Ⅰ封山育林地、Ⅱ退耕还林地、Ⅲ农耕地）土壤物理性质、化学性质及土壤种子库进行了研究。结果表明利用方式的不同对土壤物理性质、化学性质及土壤种子库均产生了显著的影响。土壤容重、土壤毛管孔隙度随土壤扰动的加剧而下降,表现为Ⅰ＞Ⅱ＞Ⅲ;土壤总孔隙度与非毛管孔隙度呈现出随土壤扰动程度增加而增加的趋势,表现为Ⅲ＞Ⅱ＞Ⅰ;不同层次之间容重的变异较小,土壤质地比较均一;Ⅱ土壤有机质低于类型Ⅲ和Ⅰ;Ⅰ初步形成了林地环境,林地土壤表现出良性转变。随土壤深度的增加,有机质、全氮、全磷、速效氮表现出减少的趋势,土壤扰动降低了土壤化学性质层次间变异。不同利用方式下土壤种子库物种组成变化不大,土壤中的种子集中分布在表层0～5 cm内,随土层的加深所含种子数量、物种数逐渐降低。不同利用类型的土壤种子数量在0～5 cm层次差异显著（〖WTBX〗p〖WTBZ〗=0.021 897）,种子种类差异不显著（〖WTBX〗p〖WTBZ〗=0.097 628）。土壤扰动促进种子向深层传播,退耕还林有利于土壤质量的恢复。     

Effectiveness of a physical activity program on weight,physical fitness,occupational stress,job satisfaction and quality of life of overweight employees in high-tech industries: a randomized controlled study

Introduction. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a physical activity (PA) program on weight control, physical fitness, occupational stress, job satisfaction and quality of life of overweight and sedentary employees in high-tech industries. Methods. Participants in the intervention group (n?=?37) were instructed to carry out a PA program at moderate intensity for 60?min/session, 3 sessions/week for 12 weeks. Those in the control group (n?=?38) received no PA program and were asked to continue their routine lifestyle. Evaluations were performed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Results of structured questionnaires and blood biochemistry tests and evaluations of physical fitness were analyzed. Results. The PA program effectively reduced the number of risk factors for metabolic syndrome and body fat percentage, and improved physical fitness such as flexibility, muscular strength and endurance and cardiorespiratory endurance. The intervention also significantly decreased levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Significant positive effects on work control, interpersonal relationships at work, global job satisfaction and quality of life were also demonstrated. Conclusion. This study showed that a PA program can be helpful in improving physical, physiological and psychological outcomes for overweight and sedentary employees in high-tech industries.     

Comparison of Canadian firefighters and healthy controls based on submaximal fitness testing and strength considering age and gender

Introduction. Few studies have addressed whether firefighters are fitter than the general population and possess sufficient levels of aerobic capacity and muscle strength to perform on-duty tasks in a safe and efficient manner, considering age and gender. We aimed to evaluate the fitness levels of Hamilton firefighters, and to determine the effects of age and gender. Methods. In total, 89 participants were recruited. The modified Canadian aerobic fitness test was used to determine participants’ estimated maximal oxygen consumption (V_O2max) levels. For upper and lower body strength levels, a calibrated J-Tech hand-held dynamometer and a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) lifting device was used respectively. Results. Firefighters’ mean (SD) V_O2max level was 40.30?±?6.25?ml·kg^?1·min^?1. Age proved to have a statistically significant impact on V_O2max (p?<?0.001). Gender displayed statistically significant effects on strength levels. Firefighters’ age was the only statistically significant independent variable, and accounted for 61.00% of the variance in firefighters’ aerobic capacity levels. Conclusions. Firefighters possessed somewhat similar aerobic capacities but much higher levels of body strength when compared with the general population. With age, firefighters’ aerobic capacities decreased; however, their upper and lower body strength levels remained the same.     

大落差原油管道投产油顶水过程研究

为了探究隔离球在大落差原油管段投产过程中的影响作用,以某大落差“U”型起伏原油管线为实际案例（其最大高差达1 490 m）,基于OLGA多相流瞬态模拟方法,对大落差原油管段油顶水过程进行仿真研究。分析隔离球对原油顶水过程中的混油影响,同时对不同输量、管内积液量条件下隔离球在大落差管段中的运动特性进行研究,得到了清管器的平均运行速度、管中压力、持液率的变化趋势以及清管过程中的段塞行为等。结果表明:当输量为900~2 500 m3/h时,隔离球的加入能够降低混油量84.2%~93.7%;同时,还能减少投产过程中由于油品轻质组分汽化所产生的气体,并将更多管内气体带走,减少管中段塞流,提高原油投产效率,为工程实际投产过程提供有效依据。     

Seasonal variation of total dissolved arsenic and arsenic speciation in a polluted surface waterway

Seasonal differences in the dissolved arsenic concentration and speciation in a contaminated urban waterway in northwest England have been determined using a coupled ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS) technique. Waters sampled in the vicinity of an industrial works during relatively dry conditions in April 2000 were found to contain total arsenic concentrations (As) of up to 132 g L^–1, more than an order magnitude greater than the 4 g L^–1 maximum found in December 2000. The difference in As between the April and December sampling periods is speculated to be largely due to the irregular anthropogenic supply of arsenic to the watercourse. For both sampling periods, the dissolved arsenic was exclusively inorganic in nature and had an As(V)/As ratio of between 0.6 and 0.8. Analysis of samples taken downstream of the industrial site, after the confluence with a relatively As-poor stream, revealed that As(III), As(V) and As concentrations were lower than would be expected from conservative mixing. The As(V)/As ratio was also observed to decrease markedly. The loss of arsenic from solution is thought to be due to adsorption on the iron oxyhydroxide-rich sediment observed to coat the riverbed downstream of the confluence. The reduction in the As(V)/As ratio is believed to be due to the more rapid adsorption of As(V) compared to that of As(III). Deviations from conservative behaviour were more marked during the relatively dry April 2000 sampling period and suggest the increased importance of adsorption processes controlling arsenic availability during this time.     

玉米套种堆作甘薯增产机理的研究

玉米套种“堆作甘薯”能充分利用光能，并降低土壤容重、增加孔隙度和提高三相比中的气相容积，同时使土壤热容量、导热率和热扩散率降低，昼夜温差增大，因此能明显提高甘薯的产量和品质。     

37个含硫芳香族化合物理化参数的相关性分析

本文对37个含硫(S,SO,SO_2)芳香族化合物的理化参数作了统计分析,在水解速率常数k与取代基常数之间建立了几个多元回归方程,并根据各化合物的因子得分和实验设计方法为生物试验挑选出了8个有代表性的化合物。     

利用年限对农牧交错带退耕还草地土壤物理性质的影响

在农牧交错带以小麦为对照,比较研究不同利用年限对退耕还草种植的老芒麦草地土壤物理性质的影响。结果表明,随利用年限增加,在0~30cm范围内,老芒麦草地土壤体积质量呈现先降低后增加,土壤含水量、孔隙度呈现先增加后降低的趋势。利用第2年的老芒麦草地土壤体积质量最小、孔隙度最大,利用第3年的老芒麦草地土壤含水量最大。利用年限对0~120min内的老芒麦草地土壤渗透性影响不大。不同利用年限老芒麦草地首30min渗透率大小顺序为:第2年>第1年>第3年>第4年,利用第2年的老芒麦草地通过渗透截留降水的能力较强。一个生长季后,不同利用年限的老芒麦草地土壤含水量、孔隙度和体积质量分别比小麦地平均提高3.86%、1.53%和降低6.07%。     

中温两相UBF反应器处理养鸡场离心废水的试验分析

在中温 35℃采用两相 UBF反应器处理养鸡场离心废水 ,结果表明 :进水 CODcr为 190 0 0 mg/ L,系统容积负荷 2 1.5 4kg CODcr/ m3· d,水力停留时间 2 1.17hr,CODcr去除率为 81.98% ,BOD5 去除率为 90 .45 % ,产气率为 0 .44 6 m3/kg CODcr     

物理化学与环境科学

环境化学从化学的角度来研究污染中的化学规律。物理化学的理论和方法被运用到环保中 ,为生态系统中能量流动提供理论依据 ,探索污染的形成机理 ,研究O3层的破坏机理 ,为环境检测提供了新技术