1,2,4-三氯苯对铜钱草染毒的毒性响应及其机理

以水培铜钱草为材料,研究1,2,4-三氯苯(1,2,4-TCB)染毒引起植株叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和可溶性蛋白含量等生理指标的毒性响应,并从叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量及各种抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD))的改变探讨了1,2,4-TCB的毒性作用机理.结果表明,1,2,4-TCB(5、10 mg.L-1)处理后,铜钱草叶片各种生理代谢指标与1,2,4-TCB处理之间呈现一定浓度-效应和时间-效应关系,但与对照组间无显著的统计学差异.叶绿素含量、叶绿素a/b和可溶性蛋白均随着1,2,4-TCB处理时间延长先升高后降低;MDA含量随处理时间延长先升高后降低,随浓度增加而增加;SOD和POD活性随处理时间和浓度增加先升高后降低;CAT活性变化不明显.在10 mg.L-11,2,4-TCB处理4—6 d时,各种抗氧化酶活性均达到最大.高浓度1,2,4-TCB(15、20 mg.L-1)处理铜钱草的抗氧化酶活性与对照组相比,均显著降低,且各处理组间也呈现统计学差异.     

厌氧/好氧交替快速筛选聚磷菌及其生理特性的研究

通过厌氧/好氧交替的平板筛选方法,快速的筛选出除磷率高于60%的高效聚磷菌15株,并对其进行16S rDNA和生理生化测定,除2株为芽孢杆菌外,其余均为γ变形菌纲,主要以Klebsiella sp.和Pseudomonas sp.为主.菌种除磷实验表明,聚磷菌除磷能力越高,发酵终点pH值越高.聚磷菌反投加实验表明,与活性污泥52%的除磷率相比,投加后除磷率可达到73.3%,可以有效提高活性污泥的除磷能力.     

Travelling without a helmet: tourists' vulnerabilities and responses to disasters in Indonesia

Tourists are particularly vulnerable when natural disasters occur in regions that they are visiting. It is assumed that they lack awareness and understanding of the actions that they need to take in such circumstances. This study examines the responses of tourists in times of disaster, building on empirical data collected through large‐scale surveys conducted in Bali and Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in 2015. Both are important tourist destinations in the country that have suffered major disasters in recent years. The different types of responses to these events are framed using a grid/group analysis stemming from cultural theory. The study resulted in three key findings: (i) current disaster management planning largely follows a single rationale; (ii) tourists are not a homogeneous group, but rather a complex, diverse, and dynamic body of stakeholders; and (iii) the focus of disaster management planning should shift from a single rationale to a polyrational methodology. Disaster managers need to consider, therefore, these different aspects in the context of preparedness.     

镉对花生苗期的毒害效应及其品种间差异

重金属在籽粒中的积累与植物对镉的生物学耐性和吸收特性有一定的内在联系。本研究通过比较不同花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）品种对镉胁迫的生物学耐性,旨在为进一步揭示花生籽粒镉积累的种内差异形成机制提供实验参数。在人工气候箱控制环境下的含镉的营养液砂培试验中,花生苗期对镉胁迫的反应具有显著的品种间遗传差异。基于植株生物量变化,可将花生的镉胁迫反应分为3种类型,即镉钝感型,品种有平度01、花育23和莱农13;敏感型,品种有中花4号、花育20、丰花3号、莱农29、豫花15和祁阳小籽;普通型,品种有湘农3010-w、湘农312、湘农55、丰花2号和湘农小果w2-7等。钝感型品种在5个加Cd水平下的茎叶干物量比对照平均降低22.8%,全株生物量平均降低11.7%;敏感型品种茎叶干物量平均降低38.0%,全株生物量降低29.2%;普通型品种茎叶干物量平均降低33.2%,全株生物量降低25.1%。随着Cd质量浓度提高和暴露时间延长,花生叶片的叶绿素质量分数显著降低,叶片和根系丙二醛质量分数及细胞膜透性显著提高,与钝感型品种相比,敏感型品种的上述生理指标变化速率较高,而且随着镉暴露时间延长,两者之间的差异性持续扩大。     

松前水稻（Oryzasativa cv.Matsumae）对土壤菲污染的生理生态响应

以松前水稻（Oryza sativa cv.Matsumae）为试验材料,研究了5种质量分数菲污染土壤对松前水稻营养生长期生长和生理生化指标的影响。结果表明：（1）菲质量分数低于20 mg·kg-1时促进茎直径的生长,随菲质量分数的增大对水稻苗期生长有明显的抑制作用。低质量分数和高质量分数的菲污染土壤对茎高和株高均有明显抑制作用,而中等质量分数影响不明显。（2）随菲质量分数的增大脯氨酸含量逐渐增大,而蛋白质含量均有不同程度的下降,植物体内存在着脯氨酸积累和蛋白质减少的反馈控制系统。（3）菲胁迫引起水稻叶片膜脂过氧化,植物体累积过量的丙二醛,且SOD活性受到不同程度的影响。（4）菲胁迫下,水稻营养生长期叶片叶绿素含量和光合作用速率无明显正相关关系。     

2种除草剂联合胁迫下日本青鳉的逐级行为响应(The Stepwise Behavioral Responses of the Japanese Medaka under the Joint Stress of Two Herbicides)

探讨了日本青鳉在两种除草剂阿特拉津和百草枯联合暴露下的逐级行为响应,采用水质安全在线生物预警系统(BEWs)记录行为强度数据,分析不同暴露浓度、不同暴露时间日本青鳉的行为响应.10、5、1和0.1TU的暴露浓度下行为反应时间分别为:0.74、7.7、29.4和42.2h,而每个浓度不同配比之间行为反应时间差异明显.结果表明:在两种除草剂的暴露下,日本青鳉的逐级行为响应既受化合物浓度高低的影响,又受暴露时间的影响,而且每个浓度两种药物不同配比暴露下的青鳉鱼的逐级行为响应基本一致,每个浓度不同配比之间行为反应时间差异明显,即两种作用机制不同的除草剂对日本青鳉的行为毒性是协同作用.     

Integrated Estimation of the Effect of Physical Factors on Human Functional State During Mental Work

The purpose of this study was to develop a model for an integrated estimation of the functional state of the human organism (FSHO) and an integral estimation of physical factors (PF) for hygienic rating. Tests were performed twice with 3 men in 0.7-clo clothing during 4-hr mental work with 9 combinations of 4 PF: wideband noise (55–83 dB(A)), whole-body vibration (6 Hz, a_z = 0.2–1.8 ms^?2), air temperature (18–30 °C), and illumination (1, 3, 5 lx). Thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and psychophysiological reactions and temporary threshold of hearing (TTS₂) shifts were studied. For the integral estimation of PF influence on FSHO the model F(y₁, y₂, ... y_m) = f(x₁, x₂, ... x_n) was used, relating both FSHO and PF sets. The most important physiological parameters in creating FSHO are defined and the contribution of individual parameters of FSHO and PF is found.     

Nest site selection and induced response in a dominant arboreal ant species

It is well known that arboreal ants, both territorially dominant species and plant ants (e.g., species associated with myrmecophytes or plants housing them in hollow structures), protect their host trees from defoliators. Nevertheless, the presence of an induced defense, suggested by the fact that the workers discovering a leaf wound recruit nestmates, is only known for plant ants. Based on the results from a field study, we show here (1) that colonies of Azteca chartifex, a territorially dominant, neotropical arboreal ant species, mostly selected Goupia glabra (Goupiaceae) trees in which to build their principal carton nests and (2) that plant signals induced workers to recruit nestmates, which patrol the leaves, likely providing the plant with a biotic defense. Furthermore, the number of recruited workers was clearly higher on G. glabra, their most frequently selected host tree species, than on other tree species. These results show that contrary to what was previously believed, induced responses are also found in territorially dominant arboreal ants and so are not limited to the specific associations between myrmecophytes and plant ants.     

活性污泥中细菌的分离及其生理生化特性研究

从乳品废水活性污泥中分离纯化细菌,并进行生理生化特性、药敏试验研究。结果表明,H-1菌株分解葡萄糖产酸,利用乳糖、蔗糖、甘露醇等碳源;H-1菌株对头孢菌素类、氨基苷类、大环内酯类药物敏感;而对青霉素类、磺胺类等具有不同程度的耐药性。该研究对改善乳品废水活性污泥微生态、环境污染治理等具有科学指导意义。     

内源H2S生理学作用的研究进展

近年来,内源H2S的生理学作用已经逐渐被认识,被认为是继NO和CO后的第三类气体信号分子,其在生物体内的浓度水平与多种疾病相关.本文综述了近五年来内源H2S生理学作用的研究进展.