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61.
UV-B辐射与酸雨胁迫对生菜生理特性及品质的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
酸雨和紫外辐射的增强是全球环境问题之一,也是目前研究的热点。以生菜(lactuca)为实验材料,在大田条件下,研究了UV-B(280~320nm)辐射与模拟酸雨(AR)的胁迫对生菜生理特性和品质的影响。实验结果表明:UV-B辐射的增加降低了生菜植株的蒸腾速率、叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a b的质量分数,且下降幅度随紫外辐射的增强而增大。UV-B辐射的增加提高了生菜叶片中类黄酮的含量,其增加幅度随紫外辐射的增强而增大。酸雨对生菜的蒸腾速率、叶绿素的质量分数也均有不同程度的影响,酸雨对类黄酮含量的影响不大.品质研究结果表明,随着UV-B辐射的增加,叶片中的水的质量分数持续降低,而抗坏血酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质的质量分数均先增加后减小,说明存在一个使品质发生突变的阈值范围.酸雨使得生菜中抗坏血酸的质量分数增加,并且增加幅度随pH值的减小而增大;随着酸雨酸度增强,植株中水质量分数持续降低;酸雨使生菜中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质的质量分数先减小后增加。在UV-B和酸雨的共同作用下,只有对类黄酮的影响具有明显的协同作用,其他指标表现不明显,但是可以看出复合作用下指标含量下降幅度明显大于单一因子的胁迫,并且下降幅度受UV-B辐射强度和酸雨pH的影响。 相似文献
62.
水稻(Oryza.sativa L.)是我国最重要的粮食作物之一,水稻产量占粮食总产量的一半以上,一旦水稻受到重金属污染,将会影响水稻植株的正常生长和生理特性。目前关于钒胁迫对水稻植株生理特性指标的影响方面报道较少。通过水培实验,研究了不同钒(V)质量浓度(0、4、8、12、16、20 mg·L-1)对水稻幼苗(Oryza.sativa L)生理生化和富集特性的影响。结果表明:随着V胁迫浓度的增加,叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等均呈现先上升、后下降的变化趋势。当ρ(V)≤12 mg·L-1,与对照相比较,叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量和酶活性增大了135.3%、104.2%、77.8%(CAT)、84.5%(POD)和273.2%(SOD);当ρ(V)〉12 mg·L-1,则分别降低37.2%、39.4%、41.1%、24.1%和24.5%。随着 V 胁迫浓度的增加,丙二醛(MDA)含量和细胞膜透性逐渐增大,与对照相比,分别增加了38.5%~289.3%、21.2%~303.2%,根系活力下降了10.9%~82.2%。可见,低ρ(V)(≤12 mg·L-1)对水稻幼苗的生长有一定的刺激作用,水稻幼苗自身保护酶表现出较强的自我调节能力;高ρ(V)(〉12 mg·L-1)明显抑制叶绿素和蛋白合成、抗氧化酶活性和根系活力,伤害了细胞质膜系统,影响水稻幼苗的生长发育。不同V浓度胁迫下,水稻幼苗累积的V含量为:根〉茎叶。随着V胁迫浓度增加,水稻幼苗各器官V含量增大,其中根部增幅远大于茎叶,当ρ(V)从5 mg·L-1增加到40 mg·L-1,与对照相比较,根部增加了0.98~25.3倍,茎叶部增加了0.26~4.74倍。生物富集系数(BF)先增加后降低,最大值为2.8408;迁移系数(TF)下降,最低值为0.1170,说明水稻对V有较强的富集能力,但迁移能力较低,积累的V主要富集在根部,可减轻V对地上部植物的危害。 相似文献
63.
钝顶螺旋藻突变株FBL的生理特性 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用倍频Nd:YAG激光(λ=532nm,p=500mW,S=160mW/cm^2)对钝顶螺旋藻进行诱变处理,辐照10min,经分离获得藻丝开矿变成直形的钝顶螺旋突变株FBL。对该变株FBL的生长特性、藻多糖、氨基酸、β-胡萝卜素、叶绿素a等生化组成的研究。结果表明:与出发株相比,突变株FBL生长速度加快;β-胡萝卜素含量提高22.3%;藻多糖提高42.0%;氨基酸增幅5.2%,氨基酸的组成比例发 相似文献
64.
65.
CHEN Jian XIE Huijun ZHUANG Xuliang ZHUANG Guoqiang BAI Zhihui ZHANG Hongxun 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2008,20(6):725-731
The addition of simple substrates could affect the microbial respiration in soils. This substrate-induced respiration is widely used to estimate the soil microbial biomass, but little attention has been paid to its influence on the changes of community-level physiological profiles. In this study, the process of microbial communities responding to the added substrate using sole-carbon-source utilization (BIOLOG) was investigated. BIOLOG is biased toward fast-growing bacteria; this advantage was taken to detect the prompt response of the active microbial communities to the added substrate. Four soil samples from agricultural fields adjacent to heavy metal mines were amended with L-arginine, citric acid, or D-glucose. Substrate amendments could, generally, not only increase the metabolic activity of the microbial communities, but also change the metabolic diverse patterns compared with no-substrate control. By tracking the process, it was found that the variance between substrate-induced treatment and control fluctuated greatly during the incubation course, and the influences of these three substrates were different. In addition, the application of these induced changes to discriminate soil microbial communities was tested. The distance among all samples was greatly increased, which further showed the functional variance among microbial communities in soils. This can be very useful in the discrimination of microbial communities even with high similarity. 相似文献
66.
Wayne M. Wendland 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1990,26(6):913-920
ABSTRACT: Drought is evaluated in terms of the magnitude and duration of the 1988 spring and summer precipitation shortfall, and according to various components of the hydrologic budget, both surface and sub-surface. The response time of some of these components is investigated, relative to the time of precipitation. Individual water users perceived a beginning and ending of the drought at different times relative to their activities. Some statistics better describe some components of a drought to some users, and better answer some questions, than do others. 相似文献
67.
通过分析我国污泥处理处置的现状及国内外污泥处理处置发展动态,指出目前污泥处理过程中在污泥处理责任主体、污泥监管系统和相关标准上存在的若干问题,以及就目前各种污泥的处置方案,引出污泥处理处置的认识误区,从而对污泥处置方法进行分析说明,找出一条经济可行、管理方便的处理对策,并对污泥的最终处置方式提出合理的建议。 相似文献
68.
Jinbo Xiong Chaohua Wang Zhiyuan Yao Pingping Zhan Xianghua Yi Jiong Chen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(2):429-439
Antibiotic pollution imposes urgent threats to public health and microbial-mediated ecological processes. Existing studies have primarily focused on bacterial responses to antibiotic pollution, but they ignored the microeukaryotic counterpart, though microeukaryotes are functionally important (e.g., predators and saprophytes) in microbial ecology. Herein, we explored how the assembly of sediment microeukaryotes was affected by increasing antibiotic pollution at the inlet (control) and across the outlet sites along a shrimp wastewater discharge channel. The structures of sediment microeukaryotic community were substantially altered by the increasing nutrient and antibiotic pollutions, which were primarily controlled by the direct effects of phosphate and ammonium (−0.645 and 0.507, respectively). In addition, tetracyclines exerted a large effect (0.209), including direct effect (0.326) and indirect effect (−0.117), on the microeukaryotic assembly. On the contrary, the fungal subcommunity was relatively resistant to antibiotic pollution. Segmented analysis depicted nonlinear responses of microeukaryotic genera to the antibiotic pollution gradient, as supported by the significant tipping points. We screened 30 antibiotic concentration-discriminatory taxa of microeukaryotes, which can quantitatively and accurately predict (98.7% accuracy) the in-situ antibiotic concentration. Sediment microeukaryotic (except fungal) community is sensitive to antibiotic pollution, and the identified bioindicators could be used for antibiotic pollution diagnosis. 相似文献
69.
硒化kappa-卡拉胶对烟民生理损伤的修复作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本实验选择19例年龄在39—59之间,烟史为15—30a,每日吸烟量为6—20支的男性为对象,连续服用硒化kappa-卡拉胶(100ug硒/d)三个月后,对几项指标的测定结果表明:微核、双链DNA及血硒水平均有明显差异,服硒前,19例烟民中微核淋巴细胞出现率为73.7%,淋巴细胞微核出现率为1.26±1.04‰,服硒后,微核淋巴细胞出现率为42.1%,淋巴细胞微核出现率为0.52±0.70‰,P<0.01;服硒前,双链DNA的含量为7.76±2.59%,服硒后增至10.5±2.19%,P<0.01;血硒水平变化更为明显,由服硒前的76.4±15.1ppb增至服硒后的148.3±44.1ppb,P<0.01.全部病例无任何毒、副反应。实验结果初步表明:硒化kappa-卡拉胶对烟民的生理损伤具有一定的修复作用。 相似文献
70.
Eve?McDonald-MaddenEmail author Mark?A.?Elgar Kathrine?A.?Handasyde 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2004,56(4):322-327
The costs of reproduction are widely recognised as a major selective force in the evolution of various behavioural and life-history characteristics. In particular, the behaviour of reproductively active animals is likely to change when breeding increases risk of predation. We investigated the effect of an experimentally derived threat on the vigilance and escape behaviour of female Trichosurus caninus with and without dependent offspring and at different stages of offspring development. Females with offspring showed a heightened response to the threat in comparison to females without offspring. In addition, females with offspring displayed a stronger response at earlier stages of their offsprings development.Communicated by P. Bednekoff 相似文献