原油油库的安全评价

采用安全检查表和风险矩阵的方法,对某原油油库进行了安全评价。分别介绍两种方法的要点和实施办法。在安全检查表法中,通过资料收集和现场调查确定了油库的最终评价得分及油库的安全等级,指出油库存在的安全隐患。对库区设备,采用风险矩阵的方法进行评价,定量分析设备发生原油泄漏的可能性及其后果。评价结果表明,安全检查表的方法较为实用。风险矩阵评价法可得到定量的结果,利用其结果对库区单项设备进行了风险排序,从而指导检测与维护策略。两种方法应结合使用,可进一步提高油库的安全管理水平。开发的油库的风险评价软件,可作为油库风险管理的辅助手段。     

Fate of Chlorothalonil, Chlorpyrifos and Profenofos in a Vegetable Farm in cameron Highlands, Malaysia

The fate of chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos and profenofos in sandy loam soil under tropical condition was studied in a vegetable plot in the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. The plot was treated with chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos and profenofos according to normal agricultural practices of the Cameron Highlands. Water (runoff and lysimeter), soil and bedload sediment samples were taken according to a sampling schedule. Residues in water, soil and bedload sediment samples were laboratory analysed to determine amount. Chlorothalonil residues were detected in the range of < 0.01–0.08 mg/kg in the soil, < 0.01–0.02 ng/mL in the leachate, < 0.01–0.02 ng/mL in the runoff and < 0.01–0.11mg/kg in the sediment. Field studies of chlorpyrifos showed residue levels of < 0.01–0.06 mg/kg in the soil, < 0.01–0.07 ng/mL in the leachate, < 0.01–0.08 ng/mL in the runoff and < 0.01–0.62 mg/kg in the sediment. Residue levels of profenofos were detected in the range of < 0.01–0.02 mg/kg in the soil, < 0.01–0.87 ng/mL in the leachate, < 0.01–0.08 ng/mL in the runoff and < 0.01–0.35 mg/kg in the sediment. The three pesticides dissipated rapidly, with DT50 (time for 50% loss) of less than two days. The study showed that these pesticides dissipated rapidly under the climatic conditions of the Cameron Highlands in Malaysia.     

Moral Intensity and Willingness to Pay Concerning Farm Animal Welfare Issues and the Implications for Agricultural Policy

An experimental survey was undertakento explore the links between thecharacteristics of a moral issue, the degree ofmoral intensity/moral imperative associatedwith the issue (Jones, 1991), and people'sstated willingness to pay (wtp) for policy toaddress the issue. Two farm animal welfareissues were chosen for comparison and thecontingent valuation method was used to elicitpeople's wtp. The findings of the surveysuggest that increases in moral characteristicsdo appear to result in an increase in moralintensity and the degree of moral imperativeassociated with an issue. Moreover, there was apositive link between moral intensity/moralimperative associated with an issue andpeople's stated wtp for policy to address theissue. The paper discusses the relevance of thefindings of the survey in the context of thedebate concerning the relationship betweenmoral and economic values and the use of thecontingent valuation method to estimatepeople's wtp of policy options with moraldimensions.     

Journalists' views of advertiser pressures on agricultural news

All major journalism ethical codes explicitly state that journalists should protect editorial copy from undue influence by outside sources. However, much of the previous research on agricultural information has concentrated on what information various media communicate (gatekeeping studies) or communication's role in increasing innovation adoption (diffusion studies). Few studies have concentrated specifically on organizational and structural constraints that might adversely affect agricultural journalists' ethical standards; those that have, focus largely on farm magazines. A study of newspaper reporters who cover agricultural news found that the most pressing ethical concern is the effect of advertiser (agri-business) pressure on editorial copy, and that their concerns in general parallel those of farm magazine writers and editors. The majority reported being in situations in which they might be exposed to advertiser pressure, including pressures to change or withhold editorial copy. Large minorities suggested that advertising pressures affect the overall environment in which agricultural journalists work, and more than one in ten said they allow advertiser pressures to influence editorial decisions. The newspaper reporters who cover agricultural beats showed slightly more resistance to advertiser pressure than did farm magazine editors in a parallel study.     

FEE FISHING AREAS IN ILLINOIS1

ABSTRACT: Fishing is a popular form of recreation in the state of Illinois. Despite seemingly endless varieties of fishing opportunities, limited public access, distant location of lakes with respect to population centers, chemical contaminants in some waters, and the desire for species not naturally found in Illinois have engendered an alternate form of recreational land use, the daily fee fishing area. A fee area is any privately controlled body of water or waters where a fee is charged for fishing. Such operations must Low licensed by the state of Illinois. Fee areas are almost entirely comprised of existing man-made impoundments, particularly farm ponds. They are usually stocked on a put and take basis. The most common species utilized in Illinois are carp and channel catfish. Fee areas are concentrated in the southwestern part of the state and near major metropolitan centers. Even though the number of fee areas has declined during the past decade, the role of such operations remains important to the overall picture of fishing in Illinois.     

考虑优先性的罐区火灾事故应急行动研究

为提高工业罐区火灾事故的应急救援效率,本文采用时间混合Petri网对罐区火灾事故应急响应过程进行建模仿真,分析应急过程中的行动优先性及时间性能;对某工业罐区进行考虑应急行动优先性和不考虑应急行动优先性2种救援模式进行建模仿真和对比分析。研究表明:考虑应急行动优先性的救援模式可对随机到达的资源进行调配,可提高罐区火灾应急救援效率。     

能量生态学在农业生态系统研究中的应用──胜利油田生态农场能量流分析

本文以能量生态学原理为指导，应用投入产出法对胜利油田生态农场系统内能量流动及能量利用效率进行了计算分析，从中发现了系统生产的薄弱环节和在能量利用方面的问题，并提出了调整系统内部产业结构和能量投入结构的措施，为今后系统生产力及能量转化效率的提高，提供了科学依据。     

废渣废气连成绿色循环链——浅议姜堰市种猪场猪粪尿的综合利用

对姜堰市种猪场的污染现状进行了分析，提出猪粪综合利用取得的良好效果。具有操作简单、能耗低、实用性强等特点。     

我国规模化畜禽养殖业存在的环境问题与防治对策

近年来，由于我国畜禽养殖业的养殖规模、养殖方式和分布区域发生了巨大的变化，它所带来的环境污染问题总体呈现出总量增加、程度加剧和范围扩大的趋势，归纳了我国规模化畜禽养殖业环境污染的特点，从生产、技术、政策和管理上分析了影响我国畜禽养殖业环境污染的主要因素，并提出了污染防治的对策建议，即借鉴发达国家畜禽养殖业的环境管理经验，以减量化、资源化、无害化及实用、廉价为原则，合理规划、防治结合，努力探索一条具有中国特色的规模化畜禽养殖污染防治道路。     

超高温预处理对猪粪堆肥过程碳氮素转化与损失的影响

以猪粪、砻糠为原料,利用自行设计的超高温预处理装置,开展了为期56d的模拟堆肥试验,比较了超高温预处理好氧堆肥（HPC）和常规高温好氧堆肥（CK）过程中碳、氮素转化及损失.结果表明,CK有机质最大降解度（42.58%）比HPC堆体（49.29%）小,但降解速率常数（0.1d^-1）高于HPC（0.07d^-1）,两种堆肥工艺碳素降解率差异不显著.HPC堆体NH₄⁺-N、TN质量分数平均比CK高143.9%、11.2%,而NO₃^--N质量分数则比CK低58.8%.HPC堆肥后期胡敏酸含量及腐殖质聚合程度分别比CK高45.2%~56.8%、59.1%~65.3%.在预处理阶段以及后续堆肥阶段,HPC、CK有机碳损失率分别为48%、51%,氮损失率分别为18%、27%.说明超高温预处理不仅有利于堆肥过程的保氮,而且促进富里酸向胡敏酸的转化,提高了堆肥产品腐殖化水平.