资源枯竭型城市增长边界划定研究——以淮北市为例

城市增长边界是对城市空间增长管理的重要技术和政策之一,对于资源枯竭型城市的可持续发展也具有重要意义。依据资源枯竭型城市的特点,选取了自然因素和人为因素对淮北市城市生态适宜性进行评价;以城市扩张内部动力为基础,从土地利用类型转变的概率角度出发,引入8种空间变量因素建立逻辑回归的元胞自动机模型,其次,辅助近期建设规划,再综合考虑淮北市自然和行政边界线等合理划定城市增长边界。结果表明：1）在生态适宜性高、中、低三种水平下,用地规模逐步上升,分别为：127.90、203.77和590.00 km²;2）依据元胞自动机模拟得到城市扩展用地有效面积为203.45 km²,占研究区面积的22.07%;3）最终得到研究区城市增长边界面积为259.43 km²,占研究区面积的28.15%。研究既明确了区域生态资源的保护范围,又综合考虑了城市的空间拓展方向,不仅可以保护生态空间,而且有利于有序引导城市空间发展,是实现资源枯竭型城市转型和精明增长双赢的重要途径。     

Overview of waste disposal and landfills/dumps in Asian countries

Many cities in developing Asian countries face serious problems in managing solid wastes. The annual waste generation increases in proportion to the rises in population and urbanization. Asian countries with greater rural populations produce more organic waste, such as kitchen wastes, and fewer recyclable items, such as paper, metals, and plastics. Reliable data on solid waste compositions are difficult to obtain, and even if available, they are often not updated. We report the most recent waste composition data in some developing Asian countries. We suggest that a better classification system for landfills is needed to address inconsistencies in data for sanitary landfill sites versus waste dumps. We also discuss the information on waste disposal trends and problems associated with general solid waste management in developing Asian countries.     

中国城市综合减灾的未来学研究

本文从国内外大城市频发的事故灾害现状入手,扼要地探讨了有中国特色的2020年中国城市发展的综合减灾战略研究的框架思路,希望对国家"十一五"城市安全计划的研究制定有所借鉴和启发.     

Relationship of Water Quality and Pollutant Loads to Land Uses in adjoining watersheds1

ABSTRACT: The Grand and Saugeen Rivers in southern Ontario were chosen for study as pilot watersheds under the Pollution From Land Use Activities Reference Group (PLUARG) study. The pilot watersheds have adjacent headwater areas and are physically similar in geology, physiography, and climate. Significant differences in water quality between the watersheds at their outlets are attributed to land use and population differences. The major pollutant sources in the two pilot watersheds were identified as trace elements from urban runoff and point source discharges; phosphorus from agricultural and urban runoff and private waste disposal; chloride from transportation corridors; and sediment and nitrogen from agricultural runoff. Yields at the watershed outlets were similar for suspended sediment and two to three times as high in the Grand River for phosphours, nitrogen, chloride, and lead. The higher phosphorus and nitrogen levels were attributed to larger point source inputs and the higher proportion of agricultural activity, comprising 75 percent of the Grand River basin compared to 64 percent in the Saugeen River basin. Similarly, the higher chloride and lead levels were attributed to an order of magnitude larger population and three times as much urban land in the Grand River basin compared to the Saugeen River basin.     

Smart city data architecture for energy prosumption in municipalities: concepts,requirements, and future directions

ABSTRACT

Big data is gaining visibility and importance, and its use is attaining higher levels of influence within municipalities. Due to this proliferation smart cities are posed to deploy architectures toward managing energy for Electric Vehicles (EV) and orchestrate the production, consumption, and distributing of energy from renewable sources such as solar, wind etc. in communities also known as prosumption. In smart city domain, Enterprise Architecture (EA) can be employed to facilitate alignment between municipality goals and the direction of the city in relation to Information Technology (IT) that supports stakeholders within the city. Hence, the alignment between IT and goals of the city is a critical process to support the continued growth and improvement of city services and energy sustainability. However, despite several research effort focused on data architecture in smart city, there have been few studies aimed at exploring how EA can be applied in smart cities to support residential buildings and EV for energy prosumption in municipalities. Therefore, this study conducts an extensive review and develops an architecture that can be employed in smart city domain based on big data management for energy prosumption in residential buildings and EV. Furthermore, secondary data was employed to present a case study to show the applications of the developed architecture in promoting energy prosumption. Findings suggest that the architecture provides interoperable open real-time, online, and historical data in facilitating energy prosumption. Respectively, this study offers exchange of data for sharing energy resources and provides insights to improve energy prosumption services.     

战斗机飞行员加压供氧面罩高空供氧防护性能评定

详细介绍了战斗机飞行员新型YM9915加压供氧面罩和TK - 11飞行保护头盔配套的高空供氧防护性能生理评价实验结果。分析讨论了新型加压供氧面罩与飞行保护头盔配套的供氧防护性能特点 ,并针对其不足提出改进建议     

矿业城市环境灾害演变规律浅析

本文对矿业城市环境灾害的分类、特点及环境灾害系统进行了介绍，分析了矿业城市环境灾害的演变规律，从而为矿业城市环境灾害的预防工作奠定了基础。     

资源型城市绿色GDP核算研究——以陕西省榆林市为例

根据联合国制定的SEEA2003核算体系的方法,对我国城市社会经济核算体系进行纠正,提出了榆林市的绿色GDP(GGDP)核算模式。对2001-2006年榆林市传统GDP及GGDP核算结果进行对比分析,结果表明：①2001年以来,榆林市GDP分别在129.31×10⁸～439.48×10⁸元之间,GGDP则分别在55.02×10⁸～329.90×10⁸元之间,各年度GGDP/GDP(%)分别在42.55%～75.07%之间;②自2001年以来,榆林市的土壤资源、林木资源、水资源以及矿产资源的变化,致使GGDP/GDP产生了较大的变化,其中资源消耗账户中土壤资源的耗减成本是GGDP核算的最大贡献因子;同时,资源消耗账户占GDP比重处于24.74%～57.20%之间。③环境质量退化账户主要是由水体污染、大气污染、工业固体废弃物污染以及环保人员支出等构成,自2001年以来除工业固体废物污染持续保持较高比例外,其它污染成本基本保持均衡,其占GDP的百分比处于0.20%～0.29%之间。     

坚持生态农业方向，是山区经济持续发展的动力——南涧县变迁的启示

介绍了大理州南涧县早期生态农业试点成果和近年来的发展状况,认为南涧县长年坚持生态农业建设,依托“高山、净土、生态”优势,走出了一条区域化布局,规模化发展,标准化生产,一体化经营,品牌化导向的发展模式。     

沿海城市灰霾天气与海盐氯损耗机制的关系

随着经济规模迅速扩大和城市化进程加快,大气气溶胶污染日趋严重,由细粒子气溶胶造成的能见度恶化事件越来越多,这些人类活动排放的污染物,可形成灰霾天气致使能见度下降。尤其值得注意的是沿海城市灰霾天气增长较快,沿海城市灰霾天气增多与海盐气溶胶粒子的氯损耗机制关系密切。我国30年前在粉尘污染时代建立的空气质量评价体系,已经远远不能描述新型复合空气污染类型,尤其是不能描述细粒子污染的情况,能见度的恶化主要与细粒子的浓度关系比较大,而与气溶胶的质量浓度关系不大。能见度与PM2.5尤其是PM1有非常好的关系,因而目前用能见度来描述灰霾天气是最好的指标。