2003～2011年四川省各市(州)农业水足迹时空变化与驱动力研究

运用水足迹理论和计算方法,系统分析了四川省各市(州)2003~2011年农业水足迹的时空动态变化趋势与农业水资源利用效益,并采用灰色关联度法分析其驱动力因素。研究结果表明:(1)四川省各市(州)农业水足迹和人均农业水足迹均呈增加的趋势变化,成都市、南充市、达州市农业水足迹较大,2011年农业水足迹分别达82.44×108,45.56×108,41.02×108 m3。人均农业水足迹各市(州)差距不大,其中成都市和攀枝花市略高。(2)农业水资源利用效益方面显示:四川省各市(州)农业水足迹净贸易量均为正值,属于农业水资源净输出地。2006、2009、2010和2011年农业水资源匮乏度较高,成都市水资源紧缺度最高,2005~2010年均在200%以上。(3)驱动因素方面显示:耕地复种指数和人口总数是农业水足迹变化的关键驱动因素,关联度分别是0.643 3和0.632 5。建议提高水资源利用效益,适当控制高耗水农产品生产规模,合理配置水资源,实现空间和季节用水的协调性。     

氨氮负荷对膜曝气生物膜反应器部分亚硝化性能的影响

对不同进水氨氮负荷下中试膜曝气生物膜反应器(MABR)部分亚硝化性能进行了考察,旨在确定在MABR中启动、优化和维持稳定亚硝化的控制策略.在进水氨氮表面负荷由(4.9±0.4)g·m-2·d-1(以N计,下同)升至(9.1±0.5)g·m-2·d-1的过程中,MABR氨氮去除负荷可以达到(5.7±0.5)g·m-2·d-1.当进水氨氮负荷为7.4 g·m-2·d-1时,本试验MABR部分亚硝化效果最佳,亚硝化率可达96.3%.部分亚硝化的维持需要控制合适的生物膜厚度,当生物膜厚度在110~170μm之间时,MABR亚硝化率在90%左右,能够有效实现对亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)的抑制和亚硝酸盐的积累.利用微生物比氧利用率(SOURAOB)来反映生物膜中氨氧化菌(AOB)的活性,发现MABR生物膜的SOURAOB可达(133.9±31.1)mg·g-1·h-1(以每g SS利用的O2量(mg)计).实时定量PCR结果也表明AOB为MABR生物膜中的优势菌群,其微生物丰度比接种污泥高出3个数量级.通过调控进水氨氮负荷和生物膜厚度,维持AOB的种群优势和高活性并同时抑制NOB的活性,可以实现MABR的稳定部分亚硝化.     

西部资源型城市经济转型面临的挑战与机遇

除资源型城市经济转型发展的一般问题外。西部资源型城市还面临诸如交通条件差、水资源短缺、生态环境严酷、文化观念落后以及科技含量低和人才短缺等特殊的制约，但同时西部资源型城市的经济转型又面临前所未有的发展机遇。抢抓发展机遇。迎接挑战。发挥比较优势。建设两个生态环境。营造经济转型环境。积极主动地实施经济转型是西部资源型城市可持续发展的战略选择。     

中国西部小城镇环境基础设施技术需求分析

中国西部地区地域辽阔．自然地理环境复杂多样．经济发展水平落后。能力建设水平较低．所需环境基础设施（主要包括污水处理、垃圾处理和城镇供水）建设技术不能照搬国外或东部发达地区现有的技术．为了深入了解西部小城镇环境基础设施现状与技术总体需求状况。开发适合中国西部小城镇的环境基础设旋经济适用技术。论文对西部30余个小城镇的环境基础设施状况进行了调研．分析了适合中国西部小城镇社会经济状况、自然条件的拟选经济适用技术，以期为技术开发和集成提供参考。     

The paradox of the modernisation of urban water systems in Europe: Intrinsic institutional limits for sustainability

This article assesses the sustainability potential of the urban water systems in Europe (UWSE) following their modernisation. A decade after implementation and close to the first deadlines, modernisation efforts seem to have not been (totally) successful. This article examines the ability of governance to achieve sustainability and poses the question of how modernisation develops a particular “terrain” more or less favourable to sustainability. We use the Institutional resource regimes framework which has been dedicated to determining the potential for sustainability of natural resources regulation. Conclusions show that the modernisation of UWSEs offers a path for progress which though necessary is insufficient due to a lack of coherence between policy design and the regulatory system. Globally, the development of regulation goes hand in hand with increasing inconsistencies that reduce the efficiency of the reform.     

火炬火焰监测技术实验测试及对比研究

基于Labview软件,开展热电偶探测、紫外火焰探测、离子火焰监测系统对火炬长明灯火焰响应的实验研究和数据分析.通过分析比较不同火焰监测系统的响应信号,得出以下结论:热电偶监测技术响应时间较长;紫外监测技术响应时间为2-4s,但其输出电压值较小,且在实际运行过程中无法区分高空点火器火焰及长明灯火焰;火焰离子监测技术响应时间为2-6s,输出信号强,容易实现火焰燃烧状态的快速判断.     

Fostering Sustainability in Headwaters Country: Using Bioregional and Social Capital Strategies in Support of Sustainability

Abstract

Many of Canada's ex-urban and rural areas face a daunting array of sustainability challenges. In developing effective sustainability strategies, these areas must rely heavily upon local resources and capacities and existing social capital. Part of the solution for these areas may lie in multi-stakeholder collaborative approaches built on sustainability principles and strategies. These include the engagement and mobilization of civil society networks; the cultivation of strategic partnerships among key stakeholders in civil society, the private sector and government; and long-term local programmes of research, education and advocacy that are supportive of sustainability. This article describes and analyses a Canadian case study—Dufferin County, part of the Headwaters Country region in southern Ontario—in which a multi-stakeholder, civil society based approach to fostering sustainability is currently unfolding. The ideological and theoretical underpinnings of the initiative are explored, key process-oriented and substantive challenges to the approach are analysed and action research strategies are discussed.     

People,environment and place: the function and significance of human hybrid relationships at an allotment in South East England

Allotments are a valued part of the British cultural landscape, with benefits often associated with exercise and fresh food. However, there are other significant but less tangible values that are often implicit in green-space research, but which require further substantiation. This article sheds light on the role of allotments as places where people engage in meaningful relationships with the natural world. Drawing on in-depth qualitative data, we develop a co-constructionist understanding of the human–nature relationships which exist between plot-holders and the non-human agents they encounter. These non-human elements are implicated in formulating important social values, such as identity, knowledge and community. Furthermore, they are seen to help collapse the natural-social dualism, which is often cited as a root cause of unsustainability, and enrich the lives of plot-holders in diverse and significant ways. Advocacy for their inclusion in urban communities is discussed in relation to the development of socially and environmentally sustainable cities.     

Regional industrial ecology: examples from regional economic systems of forest industry and energy supply in Finland

Industrial ecology (IE) promotes the development of industrial systems based on recycling of matter and cascading of energy through cooperation. In this paper, the local/regional industrial ecosystem approach is reflected in two examples from Finland. The local forest industry system is based on renewable resources, waste materials and energy utilisation between forestry companies, a saw-mill, a pulp mill, a paper mill and a forest industry power plant. Waste energy from electricity production is used for production of heat and process steam. Regional city energy supply systems in Finland are also to a large extent arranged around power plants that utilise waste energy. The potential of combining the forest industry system with the energy supply systems of cities is considered and the conditions for success in the Finnish case are discussed.     

淮北市旅游资源特征、功能分区及线路布局

发展旅游业有利于优化煤炭资源面临枯竭的淮北市的经济结构,广开就业门路,美化城市环境,塑造城市新形象.通过对淮北市旅游资源总体特征的评价分析,设计出该市旅游发展的功能分区以及旅游线路布局,为淮北市旅游业的深度开发和合理利用提供科学依据.