A choice experiment analysis for solid waste disposal option: a case study in Malaysia

In Malaysia, most municipal wastes currently are disposed into poorly managed 'controlled tipping' systems with little or no pollution protection measures. This study was undertaken to assist the relevant governmental bodies and service providers to identify an improved waste disposal management strategy. The study applied the choice experiment technique to estimate the nonmarket values for a number of waste disposal technologies. Implicit prices for environmental attributes such as psychological fear, land use, air pollution, and river water quality were estimated. Compensating surplus estimates incorporating distance from the residences of the respondents to the proposed disposal facility were calculated for a number of generic and technology-specific choice sets. The resulting estimates were higher for technology-specific options, and the distance factor was a significant determinant in setting an equitable solid waste management fee.     

Tasmanian landowner preferences for conservation incentive programs: a latent class approach

An empirical model of landowners' conservation incentive program choice is developed in which information about landowners' socio-economic and property characteristics and their attitudes, is combined with incentive program attributes. In a Choice survey landowners were presented with the choice of two incentive programs modelled as 'bundles of attributes' mimicking a voluntary choice scenario. Landowner behaviour and decision and the type of conditions and regulations they preferred were analyzed. Based on choice survey data, landowner heterogeneity was accounted for using a latent class approach to estimate the preference parameters. Three latent classes of landowners with different attitudes to the role and outcome of establishing conservation reserves on private land were identified: multi-objective owners; environment owners; and production owners. Only a small proportion of landowners, mostly environment owners, would voluntarily join a program. Although compensation funding contributed to voluntary program choice for multi-objective owners and environment owners, welfare losses were around 4000 AUD per hectare, which is less than the average agricultural land value in Tasmania. Landowners for whom compensation funding contributed to voluntary program choice were also most likely to set aside land for conservation without payment. This raises the possibility that the government's compensation expenditure could potentially be either reduced or re-allocated to landowners who will not voluntarily take conservation action. Increasing participation in conservation incentive programs and minimizing the welfare losses associated with meeting conservation targets may be best achieved by offering programs that allow flexibility in terms of legal arrangements and other program attributes.     

提高水中BOD5测定质量的探讨

介绍了环境空气质量、分析用水、接种液加入量、曝气方法的选择等因素对BOD5测定的影响。提出测定过程中实验室空气质量、分析用水的选择、接种液的选择和加入量以及曝气方法应注意事项,以期得到较为准确的测定结果,提高废水中BOD5测定质量。     

高校环境专业实验教学存在的问题及对策

实验教学在高校环境专业教学工作中发挥着越来越重要的作用。通过对高校环境专业实验教学的现状和所存在的问题进行分析,提出了优化实验教学内容、改进实验教学方法和考核方式等改进措施,以提高高校环境专业实验教学水平。     

实验室煤与瓦斯突出模拟试验回顾及展望

为借鉴国内外煤与瓦斯突出模拟试验研究成果,查阅大量相关文献,进行分析和总结。以人们对煤与瓦斯突出试验研究的深入程度为主线,将实验室煤与瓦斯突出模拟试验的研究历程进行阶段划分。研究表明:20世纪50—60年代,成功诱导了突出,初步考察诸因素对突出的影响;70—90年代,深入探究突出发生的力学判据及突出过程,并提出数十种有关突出机理方面的假说;21世纪初,以组建三维模拟试验台进行试验为特点,大大提高了模拟试验条件与现场的相似度,但在力学加载系统的稳定性和可调性、模型的整体密封性、测试探头的精度等方面仍需改进。     

不锈钢在西太平洋深海环境中腐蚀规律研究

目的 研究不锈钢在西太平洋海域深海环境中的腐蚀规律。方法 采用深海高效串型试验装置对304不锈钢和316L不锈钢在西太平洋深海环境中进行深海实海腐蚀试验,分析不锈钢的腐蚀形貌、腐蚀速率和点蚀深度规律等,研究2种不锈钢在500、800、1 200、2 000 m海深下的腐蚀规律。结果 304不锈钢与316L不锈钢腐蚀质量损失主要由缝隙腐蚀引起,316L不锈钢的腐蚀程度总体上低于304不锈钢,304不锈钢的腐蚀速率低于0.4 mm/a,316L不锈钢的腐蚀速率低于0.25 μm/a。深海环境中,304不锈钢的腐蚀产物主要是α-Fe2O3、γ-FeOOH、γ-Fe2O3,316L不锈钢的腐蚀产物主要是α-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH、γ-Fe2O3。结论304不锈钢和316L不锈钢在西太深海环境中使用过程中应避免缝隙的形成,降低其发生缝隙腐蚀和点蚀的概率。     

纸基复合包装中铝塑分离的湿法工艺条件研究

纸基复合包装中的纸基部分通过水力碎浆分离后可直接用于生产再生纸. 其铝塑部分由1层0.02～0.03 mm厚的铝箔和2层0.03～0.08 mm厚的低密度聚乙烯膜层压复合而成,主要对铝塑的湿法分离进行研究.比较了甲酸、乙酸、盐酸3种剥离剂的分离效果; 用甲酸作为铝塑剥离剂时, 考察了剥离剂的浓度、反应温度、液固比及破碎尺寸对铝塑分离的影响; 根据铝塑分离时间、分离率、铝的损失率等指标,通过正交试验及方差分析优化铝塑分离的工艺条件. 结果表明,甲酸分离铝塑的最优条件: 剥离剂浓度为4 mol/L, 反应温度为60 ℃,液固比为60 L/kg, 破碎尺寸为5 cm×5 cm. 在该条件下, 铝塑的分离率达到100%.      

磁絮凝高效处理高浊度废水的性能及机理研究

自来水供水厂在运行过程会产生大量高浊度废水,其中富集了许多微生物、有机物及无机杂质,若直接排放会严重污染河流水体及周边土壤.采用磁絮凝工艺处理自来水厂供水过程中产生的高浊度废水,通过单因素和正交试验考察了聚合氯化铝(PAC)投加量、磁种(Fe3O4)投加量、废水初始pH值和沉降时间对废水中浊度、COD和UV254去除效...     

Incentive compatibility tests of choice experiment value elicitation questions

This paper uses laboratory experiments with induced values to address fundamental issues related to the incentive compatibility of choice experiment value elicitation questions. In particular, we compare two- versus three-option choice sets and the effect of using alternative provision rules, including one where the outcome is influenced by both participant and “regulator” votes. We find the overall proportion of choices that are inconsistent with induced preferences is rather low. However, there are more deviations from induced preferences for two-option choice sets, and for alternatives to a simple plurality vote implementation rule. A multinomial probit analysis of choices in tandem with a mixed logit welfare analysis suggests there is a statistically significant but modest degree of bias towards selecting the status quo option.