烧结厂30 m2电除尘器气流均布试验

凌钢烧结厂电除尘改造中,为增加其有效截面积,进行了电除尘器气流均布试验.在试验的基础上,电除尘改造成功,效果理想.     

定pH值下垃圾焚烧飞灰酸中和容量与元素浸出行为的研究

采用定pH值滴定实验研究了不同pH值条件下,垃圾焚烧飞灰的酸中和容量和元素的浸出行为.实验中将浸取液的pH值分别控制在4、5、6、7,持续滴定150 h,在不同时刻测定溶液中主要元素和重金属等多种组分的浓度.研究表明,在每个pH值条件下,在滴定最初阶段,累积的消耗酸量迅速增加,随着溶液中离子浓度的增加,酸的消耗速度逐渐下降,在20 h左右,飞灰的中和反应趋于稳定.随着滴定的pH值由7下降到4,飞灰表现出的中和能力也相应加强.由于形成机理和在飞灰中的存在形式不同,滴定过程中,各种组分表现出不同的浸出行为,K、Na、Ca和Cl的浸出不受中和反应的控制,Si和SO24-的浓度在滴定初期达到最大值,然后下降.Cd和Zn的浸出速度与酸的消耗速度基本相同,Cu、Pb和Cr的浸出慢于酸的消耗.利用定pH值滴定实验能更好地研究飞灰浸出的过程和重金属的潜在浸出性,为在较长的时间尺度上准确预测和评价重金属的浸出行为提供了手段.     

一株产生低水平量N2O的好氧反硝化菌

在装液量为2.5L发酵罐中对一株高效好氧反硝化菌Delftia tsuruhatensis设计三因素二水平L(423)的正交实验,对其进行N2O控逸最优条件的研究,三个因素分别为碳氮比(COD/N)、溶解氧和pH。结果发现,对该菌株N2O气体影响最大的因素为COD/N,其次为DO和pH值。在最优条件(碳源为柠檬酸三钠、COD/N=15、DO=30%饱和溶解氧、pH=7.5)下,该菌产N2O气体总量为0.20mg,N2O-N产量占TIN去除量的0.04%。     

典型抗生素在多孔介质中迁移特性的对比研究

为系统探究抗生素在饱和多孔介质中的迁移行为,选取两类典型抗生素—磺胺类(Sulfonamides, SAs)和氟喹诺酮类抗生素(Fluoroquinolones, FQs),通过室内砂柱迁移实验,重点对比研究了水化学条件及介质粒径对两类抗生素迁移的影响.结果表明,不同种类抗生素在饱和石英砂多孔介质中的迁移特性不同.在实验pH(5.6～9.5)条件下,低解离常数使得SAs多以带负电形态出现,因静电斥力导致SAs在石英砂介质中具有强迁移能力,流出液中SAs回收率>97%;pH、离子强度(NaCl、CaCl₂)及介质粒径对抗生素的迁移无显著影响.FQs多呈阳离子形态及两性形态,受静电引力控制,FQs迁移能力相对较弱,但移动性随溶液pH升高而增大,NaCl和介质粒径对FQs迁移影响不显著,竞争吸附导致高浓度CaCl₂促进FQs迁移能力.本研究结果阐明了SAs和FQs在多孔介质中不同水化学条件(pH、NaCl及CaCl₂离子强度)下及不同介质粒径中的迁移过程,可为抗生素环境风险的预测和评估及污染修复提供指导.     

Environmental regulation and firms’ performance: a quasi-natural experiment from China

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates whether environmental regulation affects firm’s performance including productivity, wage and employment using firm-level data in 1996–2007. The identification uses Two Control Zones (TCZ) policy implemented by the Chinese government in 1998, in which tougher environmental regulations were imposed in TCZ cities but not others. By difference-in-differences estimation, we find that tougher environmental regulation leads to larger increase on both total factor productivity and wage, and firms tend to employ fewer workers under pressure of environmental protection. Heterogeneous tests show that the impacts are better for non-pollution intensive firms, non-exporters and SOEs. Finally, we find that R&D input and exiting firms among industry are the driving forces for enhancing TFP and increasing wage and unemployment.     

Pilot study on road traffic emissions (PAHs,heavy metals) measured by using mosses in a tunnel experiment in Vienna,Austria

BACKGROUND, AIMS AND SCOPE: Over the last few years there has been extensive research for new indicators providing information about deposition resulting from road traffic and tunnel experiments received special attention in emission research. Mosses have been used for the estimation of atmospheric heavy metal and PAH depositions for more than three decades, although they were used only a few times for estimating ambient air pollution caused by traffic. In the current study, the suitability of using a moss species for monitoring road traffic emissions inside a tunnel was evaluated. This was a first-time ever attempt to use plants (mosses) as bioindicators in a tunnel experiment. Specifically, two relevant questions were examined: 1) Do mosses accumulate toxic substances derived from road traffic emissions under the extremely adverse conditions which can be found in a tunnel, and 2) Which substances can mainly be attributed to road traffic emissions and therefore be taken as efficient and reliable indicators for motor vehicles? METHODS: For the first time a biomonitor (the moss species Hylocomium splendens (Hedwig) B.S.G.) was used in a road tunnel experiment to analyse emissions from road traffic. Moss samples were exposed for four weeks in wooden frames (size 10 cm x 10 cm), covered by a thin plastic net with a mesh size of 1 cm x 1 cm. 17 elements, mainly heavy metals, and the 16 EPA-PAHs together with coronene were analysed by ICP-AES, AAS and GC-MSD. RESULTS: Enrichment factors, calculated by comparing post-experiment concentrations to those of a background site, were high for most PAHs, especially benzo(g,h,i)perylene (150.7), coronene (134.7), benzo(a)anthracene (125.0), indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene (79.8), chrysene (78.1), pyrene (69.6) and benzo(b)-fluoranthene (67.4), and among the other elements for Sb (73.1), Mo (59.6), Cr (33.9), As (24.1), Cu (19.6), and Zn (17.1). All these substances can thus be taken as indicators for road traffic pollution. Concentrations were also significantly higher in the tunnel mosses for all investigated substances than along busy roads outside tunnels. Cluster analysis revealed groups of substances which could sensibly be attributed to various sources (abrasion processes, Diesel combustion) and enrichment in the various particle size classes. DISCUSSION: The extreme high concentrations in the analysed moss samples from inside the tunnel were due to higher concentrations in the ambient tunnel air, and the fact that already deposited chemical substances are not lost by rain, as well as efficient uptake capacities even under the extremely adverse conditions in a tunnel. In accordance with previous studies our results suggest that PAHs are better indicators for emissions from the burning process than heavy metals. CONCLUSIONS: As in open fields, mosses are suitable indicators for monitoring traffic emissions in tunnels. In addition to biomonitoring in open fields, in tunnel experiments mosses are even better indicators, because the confounding effects of other sources of pollution and the 'noise' in the accumulation process (e.g. washout through wet deposition) are minimised. The results of our study demonstrate the usefulness of mosses for surveying heavy metals and PAH emissions and deposition arising from road traffic sources, even under the extremely adverse conditions of the tunnel environment. RECOMMENDATION: It can be considered that biomonitors like mosses are a suitable alternative to technical particle filters inside tunnels. They are easy to handle, low in costs and valuable information regarding traffic emissions can be obtained. PERSPECTIVE: The results of this pilot-study proved the feasibility of the method, however, should be corroborated by further investigations based on a sample set that allows for generalization of the findings and might even include other moss species. A comparison of technical measurements with the biomonitoring method could lead to a more general acceptance of the results.     

典型草原抗风蚀能力的实验研究

为了了解人为干扰对典型草原抗风蚀能力的影响,采用风洞实验的方法对不同干扰条件下典型草原原状土的抗风蚀能力进行了研究.不同时间禁牧草原的风洞实验结果表明,禁牧典型草原的风蚀量和风蚀率都明显低于自由放牧草原,而且,在相同风速下,禁牧时间越长,侵蚀率及侵蚀量越小;草原开垦后,土壤的侵蚀率和侵蚀量远远高于典型草原,而且风速越大,相差越大;草原土壤侵蚀率随风速的增加而增加,但受草原土壤可侵蚀量的限制.另外,人工模拟干扰实验表明,典型草原土壤的侵蚀率与干扰程度呈直线相关关系.结果说明:放牧及耕作会使典型草原的抗风蚀能力明显降低,而禁牧可以有效提高其抗风蚀能力.在典型草原区,实行禁牧是遏制草原退化的有效措施.     

开展安全质量标准化提升企业安全管理水平

介绍了公司安全质量标准化试点工作的开展情况,总结了试点工作收到的效果,并对下一步如何更深入地开展安全质量标准化,提升企业安全管理水平进行了阐述.     

高活性絮凝剂产生菌芽孢杆菌TS-1培养条件研究

从土壤中分离、筛选得到一株高絮凝活性絮凝剂产生菌,TS-1,初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌.通过六因素五水平正交设计实验,探讨了该菌产絮凝剂的最优条件.在最优条件为乳糖2%、蛋白胨1%、KH2PO4 0.2%、K2HPO4 0.2%、NaCl 0.05%、(NH4)2SO4 0.05%、MgSO4·7H2O 0.05%、pH 6.0、34℃、180r/min、摇床培养40h下,所产絮凝剂对4‰的高岭土悬浊液的絮凝效率为91.3%.     

走向高抽巷抽放采空区瓦斯数值模拟与试验分析

为获取走向高抽巷抽放瓦斯的合理参数,依据采空区瓦斯运移基本方程,采用FLUENT数值模拟的方法确定走向高抽巷的最佳抽放位置,即竖直方向高度为综采工作面底板上方20m,倾斜方向距上风巷水平距离为14 m,并在张集矿1111工作面进行现场试验;从试验效果来看:采用FLUENT数值模拟方法确定走向高抽巷位置是可靠的,布置合理的走向高抽巷具有抽放瓦斯浓度高、瓦斯抽放量大和稳定性好的优越性,能有效地解决综采工作面和上隅角瓦斯超限问题,以确保矿井安全生产;抽放参数可在类似矿区加以推广应用,安全效益、经济效益和社会效益明显.