硫磺回收装置脱硫废液处理的试验研究

采用将脱硫废液与炼油废水按比例混合之后对其进行处理的方法,通过批式试验,考查混合废液的BOD5/COD指标及其COD、NH3-N、S2-的去除率。筛选合适的混合液配比,分别对500︰1和800︰1的混合废液进行了模型试验,分析了COD去除效果。结果表明:800︰1的混合废液在10d之后,出水COD为134mg/L,达到了《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)二级标准要求。最终确定炼油废水与脱硫废液混合的合适比例应不低于800︰1。     

Using a choice experiment to measure the environmental costs of air pollution impacts in Seoul

Air pollution, a by-product of economic growth, has been incurring extensive environmental costs in Seoul, Korea. Unfortunately, air pollution impacts are not treated as a commercial item, and thus it is difficult to measure the environmental costs arising from air pollution. There is an imminent need to find a way to measure air pollution impacts so that appropriate actions can be taken to control air pollution. Therefore, this study attempts to apply a choice experiment to quantifying the environmental costs of four air pollution impacts (mortality, morbidity, soiling damage, and poor visibility), using a specific case study of Seoul. We consider the trade-offs between price and attributes of air pollution impacts for selecting a preferred alternative and derive the marginal willingness to pay (WTP) estimate for each attribute. According to the results, the households' monthly WTP for a 10% reduction in the concentrations of major pollutants in Seoul was found to be approximately 5494 Korean won (USD 4.6) and the total annual WTP for the entire population of Seoul was about 203.4 billion Korean won (USD 169.5 million). This study is expected to provide policy-makers with useful information for evaluating and planning environmental policies relating specifically to air pollution.     

Willingness to Pay for Improving the Residential Waste Disposal System in Korea: A Choice Experiment Study

This study attempts to apply choice experiments with regard to the residential waste disposal system (RWDS) in Korea by considering various attributes that are related to RWDS. Using data from a survey conducted on 492 households, the empirical analysis yields estimates of the willingness to pay for a clean food-waste collection facility, the collection of small items (such as obsolete mobile phones and add-ons for personal computers), and a more convenient large waste disposal system. The estimation results of multinomial logit models are quite similar to those of nested logit models. The results reveal that residents have preferences for the cleanliness of facilities and the collection of small items. In Korea, residents are required to purchase and attach stickers for the disposal of large items; they want to be able to obtain stickers at not only village offices but also supermarkets. On the other hand, the frequency of waste collection is not a significant factor in the choice of the improved waste management program.

Investigating public preferences for managing Lake Champlain using a choice experiment

The Lake Champlain Basin in Vermont and New York, USA and Quebec, Canada includes a large lake and watershed with complex management issues. A transboundary comprehensive management plan prepared for the lake includes 11 goals across many issue areas. We developed a choice experiment to examine public preferences for alternative Lake Champlain management scenarios across these issue areas. Five ecosystem attributes (water clarity-algae blooms, public beach closures, land use change, fish consumption advisories and the spread of water chestnut, an invasive plant) were varied across three levels and arrayed into paired comparisons following an orthogonal fractional factorial design. Two thousand questionnaires were distributed to basin residents, each including nine paired comparisons that required trading off two, three or four attributes. Completed surveys yielded 6541 responses which were analyzed using binary logistic regression. The results showed that although water clarity and beach closures were important, safe fish consumption was the strongest predictor of choice. Land use pattern and water chestnut distribution were weaker but also significant predictors, with respondents preferring less land development and preservation of the agricultural landscape. Current management efforts in the Lake Champlain Basin are heavily weighted toward improving water clarity by reducing phosphorus pollution. Our results suggest that safe fish consumption warrants additional management attention. Because choice experiments provide information that is much richer than the simple categorical judgments more commonly used in surveys, they can provide managers with information about tradeoffs that could be used to enhance public support and maximize the social benefits of an ecosystem management program.     

蠕虫L.variegatus在污泥减量中的作用与应用前景分析

剩余污泥已成为污水处理厂亟待解决的棘手问题。虽然现有污泥减量技术众多,但或多或少都存在着技术或经济上的不足。蠕虫——L.variegatus应用于污泥减量具有较好的实际效果以及潜在的商业利用价值,因此,近年来受到人们关注。首先,介绍L.variegatus一般习性、对污泥减量的试验效果。然后,对L.variegatus应用于大规模连续系统的要点进行了技术分析。最后,对L.variegatus应用于实际污水处理厂污泥减量的技术与经济的合理性进行分析和估算。     

壳聚糖混凝处理丁腈橡胶废水的实验研究

利用壳聚糖作混凝剂处理丁腈橡胶废水。对投加量、pH、搅拌速率和沉降时间四因素进行L₉(3⁴)正交实验,确定壳聚糖混凝处理丁腈橡胶废水的最佳实验条件。结果表明,壳聚糖投加量为100 mg/L, pH为6,搅拌速率为200 r/min,沉降时间为5 min,COD去除率达96.7%,出水COD降为276 mg/L,达到国家三级排放标准。     

正交实验选择嗜碱细菌降解木质素的金属离子最优综合培养条件

本文在复合碳源的碱性液体培养条件下 (p H≈ 10 .5 ) ,用正交实验法对嗜碱木质素降解细菌 6号菌株降解木质素的金属离子培养条件进行了优化。结果表明 ,各金属离子对 6号菌株产生的木质素降解酶 L ac-case和 Mn P以及木质素降解率都有一定促进作用。分析正交实验结果表明 ,其中 Mn2 +和 Cu2 +是最主要的影响因素 ,各种金属离子的最佳综合水平为 :Mn SO4 · H2 O0 .7g/ L、Cu SO4 · 5 H2 O1m g/ L、Fe SO4 · 7H2 O5 mg/L、Zn SO4 · 7H2 O 30 m g/ L、Ca Cl2 · 2 H2 O 5 0 m g/     

转Bt基因水稻残留秸秆对农田底栖动物的影响

为研究转Bt基因水稻秸秆残留对稻田内底栖动物的潜在影响,利用转Bt基因水稻“华恢1号”及其亲本“明恢63”的秸秆进行稻田填埋试验,分析转Bt基因水稻秸秆中Bt蛋白对秸秆分解和底栖动物多样性的影响. 结果表明:①在填埋的水稻秸秆上共发现223个底栖动物,分属9个科,其中,在转Bt基因和非转基因水稻秸秆上均发现7个科. ②秸秆种类和秸秆填埋时间对底栖动物丰度、物种数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、辛普森优势集中性指数(Simpson diversity index)和Pielou均匀度指数均无明显影响. ③转Bt基因和非转基因水稻秸秆剩余率均随着填埋时间的延长而逐渐降低,填埋7周后,两种类型秸秆剩余率平均值均为44.0%,二者之间无明显差异. ④在填埋的7周内,转Bt基因水稻秸秆中w(Bt蛋白)平均值为1.99~3.04 μg/g,7周后为2.04 μg/g. 研究显示,稻田残留的转Bt基因水稻秸秆对底栖动物多样性无显著影响.      

高压脉冲放电处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

采用高压脉冲放电产生的活性自由基处理渗滤液,研究了投加铁屑、电极间距和放电电压对去除垃圾渗滤液中COD和BOD5的影响。在电极形式为尖一尖式、电极间距4—6mm、放电电压36kV-46kV、废水体积71条件下对渗滤液进行放电试验,结果表明：投加铁屑和升高电压可提高COD和BOD5的去除量;在放电电压一定的条件下,存在最佳的电极间距。     

磁性生物炭对重金属污染废水处理条件优化及机理

将水稻谷壳经改性和负磁后制得磁性谷壳生物炭(BC-Fe),通过正交实验研究了pH、生物炭添加量、吸附时间和转速对磁性谷壳生物炭吸附实际污染废水中Cd~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的影响,提出了磁性谷壳生物炭作为实际污染废水处理材料的最佳操作条件,并应用于多步骤废水处理系统中,同时进行了BC-Fe的再生吸附实验.正交实验结果表明,在pH为6.0、固液比为6.0 g·L~(-1)、吸附时间为1.0 h、转速为160 r·min~(-1)的条件下,磁性谷壳生物炭对Cd~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的去除率最高,分别达到61.1%和60.4%,吸附量分别为8.6 mg·g~(-1)和21.3 mg·g~(-1).在实验所设条件下,Cd~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的综合去除效果随着pH和生物炭添加量的增加而显著升高,吸附时间和转速的影响未达显著水平.在多步骤废水处理系统中,使用CaO和Na_2S作为前处理,利用磁性谷壳生物炭二次处理,可使实际污染废水中Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、Fe~(2+)的去除率分别达到100%、99.8%、99.3%、97.8%、100%,SS降为1.0 mg·L~(-1),此时系统pH为7.5,色度为2倍,出水各项指标均达到硫酸工业污染物排放标准(GB 26132—2010)和污水综合排放标准(GB 8978—1996)的要求.再生实验表明,BC-Fe第3次吸附Cd~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的去除率分别为50.6%和49.1%,吸附材料再生性能良好.