风浪扰动中太湖OA对水体磷循环影响的原位实验研究

在一次风速12 m.s-1的强风浪过程中,对太湖梅梁湾一浅水区水体有机聚集体（organic aggregates,OA）丰度、颗粒态有机质含量、碳、氮和磷含量等基本理化性质的变化情况进行了连续的原位监测和分析,同时分析了基本的水质指标.结果表明,风浪过程会对水体OA的理化性质及水体的磷循环产生极大的影响：在风浪过程中...     

基于选择实验法的耕地生态补偿额度测算

生态补偿机制是一种有效协调耕地保护与经济发展矛保盾的经济激励措施。其中,生态补偿额度的确定是补偿机制构建的核心和难点。论文以武汉市民的调查为实例,从利益相关者的视角应用选择实验法模拟和构建耕地生态补偿政策及其交易市场,测算出武汉市民对不同耕地保护属性水平的偏好及不同组合方案的福利水平价值变化差异,从而间接得出市民对耕地资源生态补偿的支付意愿及额度。研究结果表明:对保护耕地资源而言,市民更关注耕地周边景观与生态环境属性,并愿意为耕地周边景观与生态环境的改善每年支付154元;众多属性组合中,市民愿意支付的最佳组合为方案7,即耕地面积属性保持不变、耕地质量与肥力属性改善、耕地周边景观与生态环境属性改善的组合方案,其支付意愿为每年247元。不同组合方案的福利水平价值差异化,为耕地生态补偿机制建设中确定具有一定弹性的生态补偿标准提供了参考依据。     

陶瓷涂层性能影响因素及工艺优化研究

为了提高Al2O3陶瓷涂层的综合性能,对陶瓷涂层性能影响因素进行了正交试验设计。以磨损量、结合强度和耐腐蚀性为评价指标,得出了在Al2O3陶瓷颗粒粒径为160目,颗粒填入量为125%,涂层厚度为1 mm时,综合性能最好。同时利用差示扫描量热（DSC）技术推算出胶粘剂体系的最佳固化工艺为50℃（1h）→100℃（2 h）→225℃（1h）;采用磷酸阳极化（PAA）方法对铝合金基体表面进行处理,使其与涂层之间获得最好的结合强度。     

飞机结构健康监控模拟加载试验系统的设计

设计了飞机结构健康监控模拟加载试验系统,包括加载平台系统、大应变测试精度试验验证模块和关键部位模拟试验模块,用于研究传感器敷设方法对测试精度的影响,为光纤传感技术在飞机结构监测中的应用研究提供技术基础和理论依据。     

基于系统动力学的安全经验仿真试验研究

为了指导企业的安全监管部门和人力资源部门制定有关企业人员变动的相关安全措施,以使员工个体和企业安全经验增强,达到降低安全生产事故的目的。运用系统动力学方法和Vensim软件,建立了安全经验与员工人数关系的仿真模型,对企业员工雇佣率和十万人死亡率这两个调控变量分别采取不同的参数进行仿真试验,设计了6种仿真试验方案,从安全经验微观的员工个体总有效经验和宏观的企业平均安全经验两个角度,对安全经验随着企业员工雇佣率和十万人死亡率这两个因素变动的趋势进行了分析和预测,从而得出企业降低员工死亡率是根本,控制新进员工人数的同时选择安全经验丰富的员工进厂,对企业提高宏观和微观的安全经验都有着积极深远的影响。     

基于聚类分析的可持续发展实验区分类评价研究

针对传统的经验分类方法导致的客观性缺乏等问题,从数据着手,运用聚类分析的手段根据实验区数据本身的结构特征对实验区进行分类,揭示出不同实验区发展状态之间的相似性和差异性,研究得出合理的实验区分类标准和分类数量,并在此基础上初步设计了实验区分类评价模型,为实验区的分类管理实践提供了理论依据和技术手段。根据对17个实验区样本数据的分析结果显示,可按照实验区经济发展状况和生态环境状况两方面的情况,将实验区划分为以加速经济发展为主题的实验区、以促进生态环境建设为主题的实验区和以全面协调发展为主题的实验区3类。以上述标准进行分类,各类实验区之间的差异显著而同类实验区存在较好的相似性。实验区的评价流程可划分为如下的两个步骤:首先将待评价实验区数据与该阶段已有实验区数据对比,通过专家评价法或聚类分析过程,划定该实验区所属的种类;而后参照同类别实验区相关指标,进行定性或者定量评价。     

以就业为导向的高职高专数学课程改革之实验课探究

本文就“以就业为导向的高职高专数学课程的改革与实践”的子课题—数学实验课程进行探究，对高职高专数学实验课程教学的意义和目的、模式和原则、任务和设计，进行了阐述。     

Application of continuous time random walk theory to nonequilibrium transport in soil

Continuous time random walk (CTRW) formulations have been demonstrated to provide a general and effective approach that quantifies the behavior of solute transport in heterogeneous media in field, laboratory, and numerical experiments. In this paper we first apply the CTRW approach to describe the sorbing solute transport in soils under chemical (or) and physical nonequilibrium conditions by curve-fitting. Results show that the theoretical solutions are in a good agreement with the experimental measurements. In case that CTRW parameters cannot be determined directly or easily, an alternative method is then proposed for estimating such parameters independently of the breakthrough curve data to be simulated. We conduct numerical experiments with artificial data sets generated by the HYDRUS-1D model for a wide range of pore water velocities (υ) and retardation factors (R) to investigate the relationship between CTRW parameters for a sorbing solute and these two quantities (υ, R) that can be directly measured in independent experiments. A series of best-fitting regression equations are then developed from the artificial data sets, which can be easily used as an estimation or prediction model to assess the transport of sorbing solutes under steady flow conditions through soil. Several literature data sets of pesticides are used to validate these relationships. The results show reasonable performance in most cases, thus indicating that our method could provide an alternative way to effectively predict sorbing solute transport in soils. While the regression relationships presented are obtained under certain flow and sorption conditions, the methodology of our study is general and may be extended to predict solute transport in soils under different flow and sorption conditions.     

性别差异视角下中国家庭食物浪费行为的神经机制研究

“男主外、女主内”的中国传统家庭模式使得女性在家庭生活中占据主导地位,因此,国内女性食物浪费行为对防止家庭食物浪费起决定性的作用。本文基于双系统理论,通过事件相关电位实验从认知神经科学的角度测度不同性别群体的食物浪费程度,并探究影响不同性别群体食物浪费程度的关键因素。结果表明：（1）不同性别实验参与人均出现了明显的N270脑电成分,表明其食物浪费程度均较高,且女性比男性表现出了更明显的食物浪费倾向;（2）相对于90后与00后,50后与60后女性消费者面对食物倒掉刺激材料能诱发更为显著的N270,即年长女性的食物浪费水平显著低于年轻女性;（3）与女性相比,提高男性的节约意识对于减小其食物浪费意愿的作用更为明显。本文以期从性别特征角度为《反食品浪费法》的高效实施提供理论支持。     

Biodegradation of hydrocarbons vapors: Comparison of laboratory studies and field investigations in the vadose zone at the emplaced fuel source experiment, Airbase Vaerløse, Denmark

The natural attenuation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the unsaturated zone can only be predicted when information about microbial biodegradation rates and kinetics are known. This study aimed at determining first-order rate coefficients for the aerobic biodegradation of 13 volatile petroleum hydrocarbons which were artificially emplaced as a liquid mixture during a field experiment in an unsaturated sandy soil. Apparent first-order biodegradation rate coefficients were estimated by comparing the spatial evolution of the resulting vapor plumes to an analytical reactive transport model. Two independent reactive numerical model approaches have been used to simulate the diffusive migration of VOC vapors and to estimate degradation rate coefficients. Supplementary laboratory column and microcosm experiments were performed with the sandy soil at room temperature under aerobic conditions. First-order kinetics adequately matched the lab column profiles for most of the compounds. Consistent compound-specific apparent first-order rate coefficients were obtained by the three models and the lab column experiment, except for benzene. Laboratory microcosm experiments lacked of sensitivity for slowly degrading compounds and underestimated degradation rates by up to a factor of 5. Addition of NH3 vapor was shown to increase the degradation rates for some VOCs in the laboratory microcosms. All field models suggested a significantly higher degradation rate for benzene than the rates measured in the lab, suggesting that the field microbial community was superior in developing benzene degrading activity.