Effect of copper on the degradation of pesticides cypermethrin and cyhalothrin

The influence of coexisting copper (Cu) ion on the degradation of pesticides pyrethroid cypermethrin and cyhalothrin in soil and photodegradation in water system were studied.Serial concentrations of the pesticides with the addition of copper ion were spiked in the soil and incubated for a regular period of time,the analysis of the extracts from the soil was carried out using gas chromatography (GC).The photodegradation of pyrethroids in water system was conducted under UV irradiation.The effect of Cu~(2 ) on the pesticides degradation was measured with half life (t_(0.5)) of degradation.It was found that a negative correlation between the degradation of the pyrethroid pesticides in soil and Cu addition was observed.But Cu~(2 ) could accelerate photodegradation of the pyrethroids in water.The t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin extended from 6.7 to 6.8 d while for cypermethrin extended from 8.1 to 10.9 d with the presence of copper ion in soil.As for photodegradation,t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin reduced from 173.3 to 115.5 rain and for cypermethrin from 115.5 to 99.0 min.The results suggested that copper influenced the degradation of the pesticides in soil by affecting the activity of microorganisms.However, it had catalyst tendency for photodegradation in water system.The difference for the degradation efficiency of pyrethroid isomers in soil was also observed.Copper could obviously accelerate the degradation of some special isomers.     

Amplification of plasmid DNA bound on soil colloidal particles and clay minerals by the polymerase chain reaction

Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to amplify a 600-base pair(bp)sequence of plasmid pGEX-2T DNA bound on soil colloidal particles from Brown soil(Alfisol)and Red soil(Ultisol),and three different minerals(goethite,kaolinite,montmorillonite). DNA bound on soil colloids,kaolinite,and montmorillonite was not amplified when the complexes were used directly but amplification occurred when the soil colloid or kaolinite-DNA complex was diluted,10- and 20-fold.The montmorillonite-DNA complex required at least 100-fold dilution before amplification could be detected.DNA bound on goethile was amplified irrespective of whether the complex was used directly,or diluted 10- and 20-fold.The amplification of mineral-bound plasmid DNA by PCR is,therefore,markedly influenced by the type and concentration of minerals used.This information is of fundamental importance to soil molecular microbial ecology with particular reference to monitoring the fate of genetically engineered microorganisms and their recombinant DNA in soil environments.     

活性污泥吸附重金属的研究进展

主要从活性污泥对不同重金属(Mn+)的吸附效果、吸附机制、影响吸附的因素,以及Mn+对活性污泥中微生物的影响等四个方面,综述了国内外有关活性污泥吸附Mn+的研究成果.     

天然红树林土壤微生物大片段宏基因组文库的构建

采用改良及优化后的原位裂解法提取红树林土壤环境DNA,通过脉冲场电泳图谱显示所得DNA片段主要集中于23～50 kbp范围, 表明大片段DNA在总DNA中的比率明显提高; 对改良后的原位裂解提取法与不同DNA纯化方法的组合进行比较分析, 确定电洗脱为最佳纯化方法; 运用改良后的原位裂解提取法与电洗脱纯化法联用实验方案,构建了4个季节天然红树林土壤Cosmid宏基因组文库. 随机挑取克隆子,提取质粒后经BamHI酶切验证, 平均插入片段均大于35 kbp,且片段类型各不相同, 推测该文库至少包含了335 Mbp潮间带微生物基因组信息. 该方法的建立使得开发红树林湿地生态系统的特色微生物资源成为可能, 并为探索其它生境的未培养微生物资源提供借鉴.     

高粱修复柴油污染土壤过程中植物生物量及土壤微生物总量的变化

通过温室盆栽试验,研究了高粱修复柴油污染土壤过程中植物生物量及土壤微生物总量的变化情况.通过定量分析土壤中柴油含量对高粱生物量和土壤微生物总量的影响,揭示柴油对土壤环境的生物学效应.结果表明,柴油污染胁迫下高粱的发芽率、存活率以及生物量受到不同程度的影响,在w(柴油)为0.1%的土壤中高粱的发芽率、存活率以及生物量与空白相比约有10%的增加,而在w(柴油)高于3.0%的污染土壤中高粱无法生长.土壤中微生物量随着土壤中柴油含量的增大而减小,但是随着修复过程的进行,土壤环境得到改善,土壤中微生物量有了明显的提高.      

Methods Currently Used in Testing Microbiological Degradation and Deterioration of a Wide Range of Polymeric Materials with Various Degree of Degradability: A Review

Biodegradation of polymeric materials affect a wide range of industries, information on degradability can provide fundamental information facilitating design and life-time analysis of materials. Among the methods currently used in testing, traditional gravimetric and respirometric techniques are tailored to readily degradable polymeric materials mostly and polymer blends with biodegradable components, but they are not applicable to the new generation of engineering polymers which are relatively resistant to biodegradation. However, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been tested for monitoring biodeterioration of high strength materials and the technique has very high sensitivity. A wide range of materials including electronic insulation polyimides, fiber-reinforced polymeric composites (FRPCs) and corrosion protective polyurethane coatings have been successfully measured under inoculation of degradative microorganisms using EIS. In addition, the mechanism of degradation of high strength polymers is mainly due to the presence of plasticizers in the polymer matrices. The information on various methods discussed in this review is intended to illustrate a suite of methods for those who are interested in testing biodeterioration of polymeric materials under different environmental conditions and in selecting appropriate techniques for specific applications.     

生物脱氮除磷工艺中的微生物及其相互关系

本文着重对近年来脱氮除磷微生物学方面的研究进展进行了综述 ,分析了生物脱氮除磷反应器中各类功能微生物间的相互作用关系 ,营养物代谢机理和对处理效率的贡献 ,讨论了脱氮除磷生物学应深入研究的一些问题。     

论活性污泥微生物指示作用

为研究石化污水处理场生化处理过程中微生物相的特性与曝气池运行状态、处理效果之间的关系,选用锦西石化分公司污水处理场合建式完全混合曝气池为研究对象,以其活性污泥做样品直接进行镜检。通过观察丝状菌、游离细菌、钟虫、变形虫、鞭毛虫生长繁殖变化,分析各种微生物对应水质条件,得出活性污泥微生物对合建式曝气池运行状态和水质的指示规律。     

土壤微生物电化学系统降解四环素的机理

以四环素为研究对象,构建土壤微生物电化学系统（SMES）,避光恒温培养58d后进行采样分析,研究了四环素降解、土壤理化性质、酶活性和三域微生物之间的内在联系,以揭示四环素在SMES中的生物降解机理.结果表明,采用SMES处理后,四环素降解率从52%显著提升至70%.与对照处理相比,脱氢酶活性在SMES中显著提升了144%,且与四环素降解率显著正相关.相比之下,在SMES中多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶和漆酶对四环素的降解效果微弱.pH值是影响土壤微生物群落的重要理化因子,且与四环素降解呈负相关关系.Network关联分析显示,真菌在四环素降解中起到关键作用,Geoalkalibacter、Microascus、Wardomyces和Scopulariopsis是四环素的潜在降解菌,其中Microascus和Scopulariopsis是脱氢酶的潜在分泌菌.     

汾河下游水体nirS型反硝化细菌群落组成与无机氮关系

为了探明汾河下游水体中nir S型反硝化细菌群落结构组成及其与无机氮的相互影响关系,在分析河流9个水样水质指标的基础上,运用Illumina高通量测序技术对水样中的nir S型反硝化细菌群落结构和多样性进行诊断,并进行统计分析,解析水体nir S型反硝化细菌群落与无机氮之间的关系.结果表明,汾河下游无机氮污染严重,整体水质为Ⅴ类水标准.Shannon指数变化范围为3. 36～7. 54,说明该流域反硝化细菌群落多样性较高;水体中主导菌属相对丰度占总群落的89. 8%,分别为红细菌属Rhodobacter、假单胞菌属Pseudomonas和陶厄氏菌属Thauera; DO、p H值及无机氮含量是影响汾河下游水体反硝化细菌群落的主要因素;优势菌属红细菌属Rhodobacter、陶厄氏菌属Thauera与NO_3~--N、NO_2~--N呈负相关,与NH_4~+-N呈正相关,稷山、河津和入黄口这3处的主要菌属假单胞菌属Pseudomomas与NO_3~--N、NO_2~--N呈负相关,与NH_4~+-N呈正相关.汾河下游水体中nir S型反硝化细菌中的主要菌属促进了反硝化作用,对降低水体中硝态氮的含量有一定的影响.