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131.
糖蜜是糖厂榨糖后的副产品,含有可发酵性的糖45%∽52%,是直接用于发酵生产酒精的较好的原料.文章以广西某糖蜜酒精厂为例,在调查了解酒精厂生产工艺与装备、资源能源利用指标、污染物产生指标、废物回收利用率和环境管理要求等五个方面的基础上,认真细致分析环境保护竣工验收监测数据及生产报表数据,按照(HJ 581-2010)《清洁生产标准酒精制造业》(国家环境保护部)的要求对酒精厂清洁生产水平进行评价,并根据评价结果提出进一步提高清洁生产水平的建议和要求. 相似文献
132.
生活污水处理厂污泥处置技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对生活污水处理厂污泥处置技术,介绍了国内外污泥的处理现状,提出了传统的污泥处置技术,主要是海洋倾倒,污泥消化技术法,污泥堆肥技术法,污泥的土地利用和污泥的有效利用法,给出林地利用与绿化利用随着污泥量的增长,污泥的处置越来越来受到人们的关注。介绍了国内外污泥处理现状和传统污泥处理处置方法,分析了污泥稳定和资源化处置技术及应用进展,提出了污泥堆肥和堆肥后污泥的土地利用是符合中国国情的污泥处置与资源化利用途径。 相似文献
133.
三峡水库消落带土壤与优势植物淹水后对土-水系统汞形态的影响 总被引:7,自引:6,他引:1
三峡库区消落带落干期植被生长茂盛,蓄水后消落带被淹没,土壤-植物系统在长时间淹水情况下,随着体系内物理化学性质的改变,汞形态也会发生变化,从而对库区水生生态系统中汞含量以及形态带来一定的影响.为此,本研究选取三峡库区4种优势植物室内栽培,再进行室内模拟淹水试验,研究淹水后土壤、水体中甲基汞(Me Hg)以及其他形态汞的变化.结果表明,淹水过程中植物的存在有利于土壤Me Hg的生成,同时对上覆水不同形态汞浓度影响显著.狗牙根作为消落带优势种,由于其体内总汞及甲基汞含量较高,淹水后对土壤以及上覆水系统中甲基汞以及其他汞形态的影响最为明显.淹水第90 d,狗牙根+土+江水(B1)处理土壤Me Hg的含量最高,为(1 135.86±113.84)ng·kg~(-1),是不加植物的对照处理土+江水(CK2)中土壤Me Hg含量的2倍左右;上覆水总甲基汞(TMe Hg)、溶解态甲基汞(DMe Hg)、总汞(THg)、溶解态汞(DHg)和活性汞(RHg)均呈峰值偏左的抛物线状变化,在第30 d时达到峰值,其中B1处理上覆水TMe Hg、THg和DHg最高,分别为(2.88±0.06)、(40.29±2.42)和(35.51±3.77)ng·L~(-1),三者中溶解态汞是其主要存在形式.因此可以推测三峡库区消落带植物淹水后将增加水库汞污染负荷. 相似文献
134.
广州市是酸雨、可吸入颗粒物污染严重的地区之一,这与其能源结构以煤为主有关.广州发电厂以燃煤为主,其周围大气采样数据分析显示燃煤电厂可对周围大气环境造成较大影响,是酸雨前体物、可吸入颗粒物的主要排放源.酸雨破坏了生态环境,也阻碍了经济的发展;燃煤排放的烟尘细颗粒物属于可吸入颗粒物,其上附着的As、Cr等微量元素多为致癌物质和致基因毒性诱变物质,对周围居民的健康危害极大.最后, 对当前的环境保护工作及存在的问题进行了阐述. 相似文献
135.
136.
137.
覆冰输电塔-线体系风致动力响应分析 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
依据流体诱发振动原理,结合已有覆冰计算模型,考虑降雨的分类,模拟了输电塔-线体系不同高度导线的覆冰和风荷载。以东北地区某输电塔为例,对覆冰输电塔-线体系在稳定风速激励下的动力响应进行分析,并与不考虑塔线耦联的导线舞动分析结果及覆冰塔线拟静力的分析结果进行对比,对塔位移、输电线位移、钢材应力进行了分析。研究结果表明:塔-线耦联体系对覆冰导线风振有很大影响,覆冰输电塔抗风设计安全度需要进一步提高。 相似文献
138.
Demirak A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,129(1-3):189-196
In this study, the chemical composition of the rainwater in Yatağan, which is a region surrounding a coal power plant was
investigated from February to April 2002. Rainwater samples were obtained from Yatağan, located northwest of Muğla City in
Turkey. pH values and concentrations of major ions (Ca2+, Na+, K+, , , ) in the rainwater samples were analyzed. The pH varied from 5.1 to 7.9 with an average of 6.7 which was in alkaline range
considering 5.6 as the neutral pH of cloud water in equilibrium with atmospheric CO2. In the total of 30 rain events, only three events were observed with water in the acidic range (<5.6), which occurred after
continuous rains. The equivalent concentration of components followed the order: Ca2+ > > Na+ > > > K+ > H+. The anion and cation concentrations in the rainwater samples showed a high sulphate concentration (131 μEq/l), as well as
high sodium (40 μEq/l) and calcium (298 μEq/l) concentrations. These values indicate that one probable source of the high
sodium concentration is fly ash, after the coal burning process and the power plant can be effective on level concentrations in rainwater. In addition, the dust-rich local and surrounding limestone environment might have caused the
high concentration of Ca2+ in rainwater of the Yatağan Basin. Due to a large contribution of these cations to the sulphate neutralization action, the
rainwater of this region displays only a moderate acidity, which does not cause significant environmental impact. 相似文献
139.
Impact of Bioaugmentation with a Consortium of Bacteria on the Remediation of Wastewater-Containing Hydrocarbons (5 pp) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Domde P Kapley A Purohit HJ 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(1):7-11
Goals, Scope and Background It has been observed that hydrocarbon treated wastewaters still contain high COD and a number of intermediates. This suggests
that the required catabolic gene pool for further degradation might be absent in the system or, that its titer value is not
significant enough. By providing the desired catabolic potential, the overall efficiency of the treatment system can be improved.
This study aims to demonstrate this concept by bioaugmentation of a lab-scale reactor treating refinery wastewater with a
consortium having the capacity to complement the alkB genotype to the available microbial population.
Methods Two reactors were set up using activated biomass collected from a refinery treatment plant and operated at a continuous mode
for a period of 8 weeks. The feed to both reactors was kept constant. Crude oil was spiked regularly. One reactor was bioaugmented
with a consortium previously described for crude oil spill remediation. The efficiency of the bioaugmented reactor was demonstrated
by reduced COD. The changes in the microbial population over a period of time were analyzed by RAPD. Catabolic activity of
the biomass in both reactors was monitored by PCR. The presence of the catabolic loci was confirmed by Southern Hybridization.
Results and Discussion 52.2% removal of COD was observed in the bioaugmented reactor while only 15.1% reduction of COD was observed in the reactor
without bioaugmentation. The change in microbial population can be seen from the 4th week, which also corresponds to improved
catabolic activity. The presence of the bedA locus was seen in all samples, which indicates the presence of aromatic degraders,
but the appearance of the alkB locus, from the 6th week onwards, which was observed only in the samples from the bioaugmented
reactor. The results suggest that the gene pool of the bioaugmented reactor has catabolic loci that can degrade accumulated
intermediates, thus improving the efficiency of the system.
Conclusions In this study, improvement of efficiency of bioremediation was demonstrated by addition of catabolic loci that are responsible
for degradation. Bioaugmentation was carried out in biomass that was collected from an ETP (effluent treatment plant) treating
hydrocarbon containing wastewater to study the strategies for improvement of the treatment system. Biostimulation, only marginally
improved the efficiency, when compared to bioaugmentation. The improved efficiency was demonstrated by COD removal. The presence
of the alkB locus suggests the importance of a catabolic gene pool that acts on accumulated intermediates. It is well documented
that straight chain aliphatics and intermediates of aromatic compounds after ring cleavage, accumulate in refinery wastewater
systems, thereby hindering further degradation of the wastewater. Supplementation of a catabolic gene pool that treats the
lower pathway compounds and alkanes will improve the overall efficiency. In this study, results suggest that the alkB locus
can also be used to monitor the degradative mode of the activated biomass.
Recommendations and Perspective . Pollution from petroleum and petroleum products around the globe are known to have grave consequences on the environment.
Bioremediation, using activated sludge, is one option for the treatment of such wastes. Effluent treatment plants are usually
unable to completely degrade the wastewater being treated in the biological unit (the aerator chambers). The efficiency of
degradation can be improved by biostimulation and bioaugmentation. This study demonstrates the improved efficiency of a treatment
system for wastewater containing hydrocarbons by bioaugmentation of a consortium that supports degradation. Further experiments
on a pilot scale are recommended to assess the use of bioaugmentation on a large scale. The use of molecular tools, like DNA
probes for alkB, to monitor the system also needs to be explored. 相似文献
140.
Heavy metals in untreated/treated urban effluent and sludge from a biological wastewater treatment plant 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Oliveira Ada S Bocio A Trevilato TM Takayanagui AM Domingo JL Segura-Muñoz SI 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(7):483-489