袋式除尘器的发展及其在燃煤电厂的应用前景

在比较国内外烟尘排放标准的基础上,综述我国袋式除尘技术的发展过程;介绍国外袋式除尘器的应用经验以及国内的差距;提出我国燃煤电厂选择袋多除尘器的必要性、可行性及袋式除尘技术的应用前景。     

釜溪河城区河段漂浮植物污染现状及防治建议

本文对釜溪河城区河段漂浮植物进行了分类,对漂浮植物疯长成因、危害及水质污染现状进行了分析,并提出了防治建议。     

污水处理厂优化设计研究进展

本文对城市污水处理厂优化设计研究发展的历史作了回顾 ,对不同时期的几个系统模型作了简单的介绍 ,并提出了城市污水处理厂优化设计研究中几个有待进一步研究的问题。     

故障树可视化分析系统

论述了自行研制设计的可视化故障树分析系统的功能及程序结构与设计原理。该系统由故障树生成、故障树分析计算、文件输出和系统管理 4个模块组成 ,可使故障树生成与分析变得非常直观而简便 ,只需用鼠标在屏幕上绘制出故障树图 ,系统就能自动识别并进行定性与定量分析。     

腐殖酸对矿物结合汞植物活性的影响

以植物水培试验就腐殖酸（富里酸、棕色胡敏酸和灰色胡敏酸）对矿物结合汞（CaCO₃－Hg,Fe₂O₃-Hg,MnO₂-Hg,膨润土-Hg,高岭土-Hg）的植物活性的影响进行了探讨,并以土壤作印证试验.结果表明,溶解态无机汞是最有效的植物可吸收形态．腐殖酸对土壤、矿物结合汞的植物活性的影响,与其对矿物汞的络合溶解能力以及所形成的络合汞向无机汞转化的能力有关;矿物结合汞在不同环境条件下存在的稳定性及释放汞的潜力则是制约腐殖酸效应的内在因素.反应时间决定着二者作用进展的程度.     

Optimal biomass allocation in heterogeneous environments in a clonal plant—Spatial division of labor

When interconnected ramets of clonal plants are growing in heterogeneous environments, ramets may specialize to uptake locally abundant resources rather than scarce resources. This biomass allocation pattern may result in more efficient sharing of resources through physiological integration and an overall benefit to the plants (spatial division of labor; DoL).     

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons: Kairomones with a releaser effect in the sexual communication of the white-spotted longicorn beetle, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anoplophora malasiaca</Emphasis> (Thomson) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Summary.  We conducted a series of experiments with the white-spotted longicorn beetle Anoplophora malasiaca (Thomson), and its host plant, Citrus unshiu, to examine the origin of the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (SHCs; including β-elemene, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, α-farnesene, and several unidentified compounds) that are contained in the elytra of the beetles and act as an attractant. In the laboratory, mechanically wounded citrus branches, as well as those fed upon by A. malasiaca, attracted males more frequently than intact branches. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) and subsequent analyses by gas chromatography (GC) analyses detected measurable SHCs from the air around both mechanically wounded and beetle-infested branches, as well as trace amounts from intact branches. The SHCs were also detected for a certain time from beetles that had fed on the citrus branches, but the amounts decreased rapidly after they were removed from the host. This decrease generally corresponded with a reduction of attractiveness of the beetles in a behavioural assay. Isolated females acquired the SHCs after exposure to, but not upon contact with, other females that had fed on C. unshiu branches. We hypothesize that the citrus SHCs are adsorbed in, retained on, and released from the wax layer of the beetle elytra. Since these compounds are released from branches when beetles feed, they may indirectly signal the presence of beetles to others in the field. The high response rate to SHCs by males is likely representing mate searching behavior. The SHCs act as kairomones with a releaser effect in the communication system of A. malasiaca. Hiroe Yasui, Toshiharu Akino, Midori Fukaya: These authors contributed equally to this article.     

Quantifying Plant Population Persistence in Human-Dominated Landscapes

Abstract:  We assessed population performance of rare plants across a gradient from rural to urban landscapes and evaluated 2 hypotheses central to strategic conservation planning: (1) population performance declines with increasing human dominance and (2) small populations perform poorly relative to larger ones. Assessing these hypotheses is critical to strategic conservation planning. The current conservation paradigm adheres to the well-established ecology theory that small isolated populations, particularly those in human-dominated landscapes, are the least likely to succeed over the long term. Consequently, conservation planning has strongly favored large, remote targets for protection. This shift in conservation toward ecosystem-based programs and protection of populations within large, remote systems has been at the expense of protection of the rarest of the rare species, the dominant paradigm for conservation driven by the endangered species act. Yet, avoiding conservation of small populations appears to be based more on theoretical understanding and expert opinion than empiricism. We used Natural Heritage data from California in an assessment of population performance of rare plants across a landscape with an urban-rural gradient. Population performance did not decrease in urban settings or for populations that were initially small. Our results are consistent with a pattern of few species extinctions within these landscapes over the past several decades. We conclude that these populations within compromised landscapes can contribute to overall biodiversity conservation. We further argue that conservation planning for biodiversity preservation should allocate relatively more resources to protecting urban-associated plant taxa because they may provide conservation benefit beyond simply protecting isolated populations; they may be useful in building social interest in conservation.     

近5年增强UV-B辐射对植物影响的研究进展

综合分析了近5年增强UV-B辐射对植物影响的最新研究进展.结果发现近5年来增强UV-B辐射对植物影响的研究明显具有以下趋势:1)增强UV-B辐射对植物个体影响的研究总体上趋于减少;2)对植物信号转导的研究日益增多;3)植物对增强UV-B辐射胁迫的防卫机制和伤害修复研究仍是重点,但更偏重于防卫机制方面的研究;4)更加重视对植物群体及生态系统影响的研究;5)增强UV-B辐射与其它因子(环境背景因子和污染胁迫因子)的复合作用研究成为新的热点和重点.根据近5年的研究进展,推断在今后一段时间内,有关增强UV-B辐射对植物和生态系统影响的研究还会加强,信号转导、分子水平机理以及增强UV-B辐射与其它因子的复合作用研究可能是今后的研究热点.     

北京市25种公路绿化植物及配置模式的绿量

计量研究公路绿地的生态服务功能有助于科学评估公路绿化的无形价值。以北京市顺义区顺平路(S305)的绿化植物群落为研究对象,运用WinScanopy For Canopy Analysis冠层分析仪采集数据,研究了公路绿化常见植物及配置模式的绿量率,并建立了25种公路绿化常见植物的绿量率模型,以期为公路绿化树种选择和群落配置提供基础分析与参考。结果表明:阔叶乔木的绿量率在3.02~4.80之间,针叶乔木的绿量率集中在4~6之间,灌木植物的绿量率较小,种植紧凑的绿篱绿量率达到3.94;不同配置模式的群落绿量率大小顺序依次为:针阔混交林>阔叶林>针叶林>灌木群落。其研究结果为公路绿化建设和绿地生态效益的计量提供了科学依据。