含氮有机废气深度氧化催化剂的研究

本文研究了复载于改性丝光沸石上铜氧化物催化剂对有机烃类韵催化氧化活性;同时考察了催化剂对正丁胺、苯胺、硝基苯深度氧化的活性及控制NO_x能力。结果表明,Cu和改性组份La,Cr之间有明显的共助催化作用,其中Cu_3/AUM催化剂对烃类、食氮有机物的氧亿活性及控NO_x能力良好,在空速为10000h~(-1),反应温度270℃,反应物(正丁胺)浓度为260Gmg/m~3的条件下,其转化率达100％,几乎未检测到NO_x的生成,而且对空速和有机物浓度的变化具有一定妁适应性。     

介质阻挡放电-催化降解苯的研究

采用双介质阻挡放电管 ,当含苯气体的流量为 1 5L·min- 1 ,放电电压在 60 0 0V—1 2 0 0 0V范围内 ,放电管温度在 2 1 0℃左右 ,研究介质阻挡放电 催化降解苯的协同效应 .结果表明 ,在余辉区中放入催化剂 ,60 0 0V的电压下 ,苯的降解率可达 70 % ,产物中CO/CO2为 0 0 5 ;而在同样电压下 ,不放入催化剂 ,苯的降解率仅为 5 5 %左右 ,CO/CO2 约为 0 5 .由此可见 ,催化剂在余辉区时能与等离子体协同作用 ,促进苯的降解     

低温等离子体技术处理挥发性有机物

介绍了低温等离子体技术在处理挥发性有机物（VOCs）的研究现状和成果;探讨了低温等离子体技术的发展趋势.     

燃煤锅炉烟气NOx污染等离子体治理技术

燃煤锅炉烟气NOx污染治理技术种类较多.本文综合评述了各种烟气NOx污染等离子体治理技术,重点介绍了电晕放电脱除烟气中NOx的最新研究成果.对燃煤锅炉烟气NOx污染治理技术的研究和开发具有实用价值.     

介质特性对DBD降解苯的影响

为了提高介质阻挡放电（dielectric barrier discharge，DBD）等离子体的处理效率，研究了内外介质组成分别为：（1）石英＋石英；（2）陶瓷＋石英；（3）陶瓷＋陶瓷这3种情况下苯的降解情况。试验结果表明，在处理低浓度含苯废气时，陶瓷＋陶瓷效果最好；陶瓷（内管）＋石英（外管）在处理高浓度含苯废气时显示出优势。通过对气相产物和固相结焦产物的分析验证了DBD能有效降解苯，降解产物不会带来新的污染。进一步分析了实验条件和介质材料的变化对DBD降解苯的影响机理。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定腐殖酸中的硼

用NHO3和HCl的混合酸分解腐殖酸样品，选用波长208.96nm于ICP测定。分析结果与比色法、容量法吻合。相对标准偏差为1.05%，回收率为97.87%－104.45%。     

Nickel and Cadmium Concentrations in Plasma and Na+/K+ATPase Activities in Erythrocyte Membranes of the People Exposed to Cement Dust Emissions

The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of nickel and cadmium in blood plasma of the people exposed to cement dust emissions and to investigate the effects of exposure period on the activities of Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase enzymes in their erythrocyte membranes. The study was carried out on people living in Eskiehir Çukurhisar rural area, located near a cement factory. Blood samples of the individuals residing in this area were taken from 80subjects (30 for control) following a physical examination. The analysis of plasma samples showed that nickel concentrations in subject group were found to be significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.001). Cadmium concentrations were found to be within the reference values for both group and no difference was found between the subjects and controls (p > 0.05). Furthermore, no correlation was observed between the levels of Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity in erythrocyte membranes of the subject group and the ages of people living in the region (p > 0.05, r = 0.133). It was also observed that nickel concentrations increased by age (p < 0.001, r = 0.646) while no effect was observed in means of cadmium. Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activities in the erythrocyte membranes were not affected.In conclusion although there was no difference between the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity in means of age, there was an environmental pollution and may be it was due to the industrial plant.     

微波诱导NiO催化降解水中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯

采用超声辐射沉淀-氧化法制备了纳米催化剂NiO,用XRD、XPS、BET和SEM等方法对其进行了表征.构建了微波-NiO催化反应体系,考察了该体系对DMP的去除效率及影响因素,并利用GC/MS、LC/MS鉴定降解产物,提出了可能的降解机理.结果表明：微波诱导NiO催化氧化技术是降解DMP的有效方法,在微波（750W）诱导NiO（0.4mg/L）催化降解体系中,15min内10mg/L DMP的去除率达70%以上.降解效率受到反应体系中不同条件的影响：微波功率的增加可以提高降解效率;催化剂NiO浓度越高,降解速率越快;溶液初始pH值对DMP的降解效率影响非常大,随着pH值的增大,降解效率明显提高.通过GC/MS、LC/MS分析,反应过程中DMP的降解产物主要包括双链水解产物邻苯二甲酸以及异构化产物对苯二甲酸、单链水解产物邻甲酯苯甲酸、苯环三取代产物甲酯基-邻苯二甲酸、侧链缩合形成的双环产物和少量小分子有机酸,由此推断DMP在微波诱导NiO催化体系中的降解主要包括6个途径：水解、异构化、甲酯基反应、侧链缩合成环、羟基化和开环等.     

Production of ammonia from plasma-catalytic decomposition of urea: Effects of carrier gas composition

Effects of carrier gas composition(N_2/air) on NH_3 production, energy efficiency regarding NH_3 production and byproducts formation from plasma-catalytic decomposition of urea were systematically investigated using an Al_2 O_3-packed dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) reactor at room temperature. Results show that the presence of O_2 in the carrier gas accelerates the conversion of urea but leads to less generation of NH_3. The final yield of NH_3 in the gas phase decreased from 70.5%, 78.7%, 66.6% and 67.2% to 54.1%, 51.7%, 49.6% and 53.4% for applied voltages of 17, 19, 21 and 23 kV, respectively when air was used as the carrier gas instead of N_2.From the viewpoint of energy savings, however, air carrier gas is better than N_2 due to reduced energy consumption and increased energy efficiency for decomposition of a fixed amount of urea. Carrier gas composition has little influence on the major decomposition pathways of urea under the synergetic effects of plasma and Al_2 O_3 catalyst to give NH_3 and CO_2 as the main products. Compared to a small amount of N_2 O formed with N_2 as the carrier gas, however,more byproducts including N_2O and NO_2 in the gas phase and NH_4 NO_3 in solid deposits were produced with air as the carrier gas, probably due to the unproductive consumption of NH_3, the possible intermediate HNCO and even urea by the abundant active oxygen species and nitrogen oxides generated in air-DBD plasma.     

生物质废物热解过程中气相产物的生成及等离子体重整研究

针对松木屑的热解以及产物的等离子体重整进行研究。热解温度分别为400,500,600,700,800℃时,在加热30 min的条件下,主要气体产物是H2、CO、CH4和CO2,热解气的总生成量的摩尔分数由46.11%(400℃)增至80.12%(800℃)。介质阻挡放电等离子体重整结果显示,随着放电功率的增加,CH4和CO2的转化率以及H2/CO的摩尔比都呈现增长趋势,控制等离子体重整条件有助于获得高品位能源。