阻抑催化动力学光度法测定水体中的痕量镍

研究了在pH9.2硼砂介质中,镍(II)对过氧化氢氧化溴甲酚紫褪色反应具有阻抑作用,聚乙二醇-200(PEG-200)对此反应体系有活化作用,据此建立了阻抑动力学光度法测定痕量镍(II)的新方法。试验考察了反应介质种类和用量、活化剂种类和用量、反应温度、反应时间、共存组分等因素的影响,确定了最佳试验条件。该方法的测定波长为590nm;活化剂为PEG-200;反应温度为沸水浴;反应时间为14min;线性范围为1.7×10-6g/L～1.4×10-4g/L;检出限为1.7×10-6g/L。所建方法用于环境水体中痕量镍(II)的测定,最大相对标准偏差为3.27%,加标回收率为95.5%～104.5%;所建方法与火焰原子吸收光谱法进行了对比试验,方法相对误差小于6.50%。     

滑动弧等离子体降解印染废水的影响研究

在电压为10kV,载气为O2,气体流速为0.4m3/h,废水流量为20mL/min,电极为不锈钢材料,电极间最窄距离处为3.5mm的条件下,采用气液滑动弧等离子体降解印染废水。结果表明:印染废水pH值为偏碱性和碱性时,CO32-分别主要以HCO3-、CO32-的形式存在,使COD的去除率降低,20min后,其值分别为76.42%和64.36%;pH值呈强酸性时,CO32-主要以H2CO3和CO2的形式存在,对COD的去除率不产生影响,20min后,其值达到92%。印染废水pH值为偏碱性和碱性时,HCO3-和CO32-的存在消耗了等离子体放电产生的羟基自由基。pH=3时,研究了印染废水的COD和TOC的降解动力学,降解符合一级动力学规律,其速率方程分别为ln(COD0/COD)=0.13090t,ln(TOC0/TOC)=0.06395t。印染废水的紫外光谱和红外光谱表明,废水中的发色基团被破坏,溶液脱色,吸收峰降低或消失表明废水中芳香环降解。     

低温等离子体烟气脱硫脱硝技术的研究进展

低温等离子体烟气处理技术具有工艺简单、可同时去除多种污染物、占地面积小等优点,是目前烟气处理技术的研究热点之一。主要介绍了研究规模最大的3种低温等离子体烟气处理技术（电子束、脉冲等离子体、直流电晕等离子体）的发展历程和现状,分析了其优点及存在的问题,并简要讨论了其发展方向。     

Characteristics of emissive spectrum and the removal of nitric oxide in N2/O2/NO plasma with argon additive

Although the approach using non-thermal plasma (NTP) for deNOx has been studied for over 15 years, how to achieve higher removal e ciency with lower cost is still a barrier for its industrial application. In order to investigate the impact of the argon additive on electron density, energy and nitric oxide reduction process in plasma, the spectrum of the dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure in a coaxial reactor was measured using the monochromater with high resolution. The comparative experiments for NO reduction were carried out simultaneously in N2/O2/NO plasma stream with and without argon, respectively. The nitrogen molecular spectrum which is attributed to the energy level transition (C3 u ! B3 g) was compared in the wavelength range 300–480 nm and the electron density and temperature were determined based on the relative intensities and Stark broadening width of spectral lines. The spectrum results indicated that the argon additive could enhance the intensity of emissive spectrum of plasma, thus the electron concentration as well as the energy was increased, and finally prompted the ionization rate to produce active N, O and O3. The results of NO reduction showed that NO conversion e ciency increased in the range of 10%–30% with 5% addition of argon in stream comparing with the condition without argon additive. This study will play a positive role in the industrial application of dielectric barrier discharge deNOx reactor.     

Application of heterogeneous catalysis to biodiesel synthesis using microalgae oil

• Microalgae oil application for biodiesel synthesis is discussed. • Catalytic effectiveness of ferment preparations and chemical catalyst is disputed. • Application of heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel synthesis is reviewed. • Possibilities of catalyst regeneration is shown. Recently, there is a growing interest in the use of microalga in various fields. Microalgae have properties such as rapid reproduction and high biomass accumulation, and under certain conditions, some are able to accumulate a large amount of oil. However, microalgae oil often contains more free fatty acids than the vegetable oil and is therefore unsuitable for biodiesel synthesis using alkaline catalysts. For this reason, some authors suggest the application of heterogeneous catalysis. A particular interest in the use of immobilized enzymes has developed. Other solid substances can also be used as heterogeneous catalysts are usually metal oxides, carbonates or zeolites. The use of these catalysts results in simpler biodiesel synthesis, especially purification processes, a cleaner end product and a less polluted environment. The molar ratio of alcohol to oil is lower during enzymatic transesterification, and more than 90% ester yield is obtained using a molar ratio of alcohol to oil of 3:1 to 4.5:1. The alcohols do not have a negative effect on the effectiveness of chemical catalysts, so it is possible to use alcohols in molar ratio from 4:1 to 12:1. The optimal temperature of enzymatic process is 30℃‒50℃. An ester yield of more than 95% was obtained in 12‒48 h. Using chemical catalysts, greater than a 95% yield of esters was obtained at higher temperatures in a shorter time. Material costs of enzymatic catalysis can be reduced by reusing the catalysts directly or after regeneration.     

CO2+MEA反应在CaCO3催化下Eley-Rideal模型及混合胺溶液体系协同效应的机理研究

研究混合胺溶液吸收二氧化碳(CO₂)的反应机理对低碳环保具有重要意义.本文以碳酸钙(CaCO₃)为催化剂,在Eley-Rideal模型下通过Gaussian09软件模拟计算乙醇胺(MEA)+CO₂反应机理,,同时计算混合胺溶液体系乙醇胺(MEA)+二乙醇胺(DEA)/2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(AMP)/N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)吸收CO₂中经实验证明的协同效应.本文在CCSD(T)/6-311++G(d,p)水平上计算在两性离子机理下中间步骤的自由能和几何振动频率.模拟结果表明,在固体催化剂CaCO₃作用下,反应活化能降低了14.9%,但是自由能没有降低.混合胺盐能量(MEA-DEA-CO₂,MEA-AMP-CO₂)低于MEA-CO₂-MEA能量,差距分别为-18.25%和-14.5%,而MEA-MDEA-CO₂体系能量与单一溶液体系差距仅为-5.88%.这表明二级胺,空间位阻胺的协同效应大于三级胺.     

辣根过氧化物酶处理酚和氯酚的催化特性研究

为了研究辣根过氧化物酶处理酚和氯酚的动力学过程,采用人工配不试验,测定了ｐＨ对酶催化反应的影响,Ｈ２Ｏ２抑制酶催化反应的动力学参数和不同度物的酶催化反应动力学参数,结果表明,在试验的ｐＨ范围内,ｐＨ为９时过氧化物酶对苯酚和对氯苯酚的去除效率最高,分别达到９９．５％和９５％。     

非平衡态等离子体技术在环境保护领域的应用

非平衡态等离子体的特点在于通过放电产生的电子温度远远高于系统中其他重粒子的温度。根据这一特点研究了非平衡态等离子体对环境污染物的处理技术;分析了非平衡态等离子与环境污染物的作用过程及其机理;最后探讨了该技术在环境保护领域的应用前景及其存在的问题。      

Removal of NOx from flue gas with radical oxidation combined with chemical scrubber

In this paper, removal of NOx(namely DeNOx) from flue gas by radical injection combined with NaOH solution(26% by weight of NaOH in water) scrubbing was investigated. The experimental results showed that the steady streamer corona occurs through adjusting the flow rate of the oxygen fed into the nozzles electrode. The vapor in the oxygen has influence on the V-I characteristics of corona discharge. Both HNO2 and HNO3 come into being in the plasma reactor and the DeNOx efficiency in the plasma reactor is more than 60%. The overall DeNOx efficiency of the whole system reaches 81.7 % when the NaOH solution scrubbing is collaborated.     

Changes of plasma membrane AtPase activity, membrane potential and transmembrane proton gradient in Kandelia candel and Avicennia marina seedlings with various salinities

The salt-secreting mangrove, Avicennia marina, and non-salt-secreting mangrove, Kande/ia candel were cultivated in sand with various salinities(0‰, 100‰, 20‰, 30‰, 40‰) for 60 d. Plasma membrane vesicles of highpurity in leaves and roots of A. marina and K. candel seedlings were obtained by two-phase partitioning. The function of the plasma membranes, the activity of ATPase, membrane potential and transmembrane proton gradient, at various salinities were investigated. The results showed that within a certain range of salinity( A. marina and roots of K. candel: 0-30‰; leaves of K. candel: 0-20‰), the activity of ATPase increased with increasing salinity, while high salinity (above 30‰ or 20‰) inhibited ATPase activity. In comparison with A. marina, K.candel appeared to be more sensitive to salinity. The dynamics of membrane potential and transmembrane proton gradient in leaves and roots of A. marina and K. candel seedlings were similar to that of ATPase. When treated directly by NaCl all the indexes were inhibited markedly: there was a little increase within 0-10‰( K. candel) or 0-20‰( A. marina) followed by sharp declining. It indicated that the structure and function of plasma membrane was damaged severely.