新型等离子体同时脱除多种烟气污染物净化系统

燃煤电厂烟气中各种污染物一般是混合在一起的,针对此实际情况将等离子体技术与传统静电除尘器相结合,改传统电除尘器电源为高压直流＋高频高压交流使之达到产生等离子体要求的电源,研制一种同时脱除烟气中PM2.5~PM10和多种气体污染物的新型烟气净化系统。该系统不仅可以同时脱除多种污染物,且不产生二次废弃物,其改造和运行费用均在接受范围内,因此是一种具有应用潜力的系统。     

Destruction of PCDD/Fs by gliding arc discharges

PCDD/Fs have been become a serious issue because of their toxicological effects and associated adverse health implications.In this study,the gliding arc plasma was tested for treatment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins(PCDDs)and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs),which was synthesized from pentachiorophenol in atmospheric condition at 35℃with or without the catalysis of CuCl_2. From the experiment,we found that the destruction efficiency of PCDD/F homologues after gliding was discharge ranged from 25% to 79%.This result demonstrates that gliding arc plasma is an effective technology to decompose PCDDs/Fs in flue gas.A plausible degradation mechanism for PCDD/Fs by gliding arc was discussed.Finally,a multistage reactor structure of gliding arc was proposed to upgrade removal efficiency for PCDD/Fs.     

低温等离子体协同催化降解含硫恶臭污染物

采用共沉淀—喷涂法制备了（Cu5Mn7Zr1O22）0.08/（γ-Al2O3）0.1/堇青石蜂窝陶瓷催化剂。表征结果显示：催化剂孔隙率较高,表面均匀分散着粒径介于20~100 nm的晶体颗粒。以硫化氢和乙硫醇为典型含硫恶臭污染物进行了低温等离子体协同催化降解实验,结果表明：污染物的降解率随着输入功率的增加而提高;与单纯低温等离子体相比,低温等离子体协同催化能获得更好的降解效果。降解机理可能为：在高能电子和活性粒子作用下,H2S或C2H5SH分子中键能较弱的H—S、C—S和C—C键断裂形成·SH、·C2H5、·CH2SH、·CH3等小碎片基团,这些小碎片基团进一步发生聚合、氧化或自由基链式反应,最终降解为CO2、SO2、SO3、H2O等无毒小分子。     

脉冲电晕放电低温等离子体分解NH_3的动力学及机理研究

探讨了脉冲电晕放电低温等离子体分解NH_3的反应动力学及机理。采用比色法和离子色谱法分析了反应产物。考察了低温等离子体分解—水吸收联合工艺对含NH_3气体的处理效果。实验结果表明:低温等离子体分解NH_3符合准一级动力学经验模型kt=ln(ρ0/ρt)=-ln(1-D),其中k=0.007 9P-0.190 3(P≥24.08);NH_3的去除主要通过高能电子作用直接分解或与中间产物反应生成NH_4NO_3和NH_4NO_2两种方式;该联合工艺不仅可去除NH_4NO_3、NH_4NO_2等水溶性降解产物,同时臭氧遇水生成的·OH还可进一步分解水溶液中溶解性NH_3。     

Inhalation of two putative Gulf War toxins by mice

We employed our inhalation methodology to examine whether biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress would be produced in mice following inhalation of aerosols containing carbonaceous particles or the vapor of pesticides prevalent during the first Gulf War. Exposure to two putative Gulf War Illness toxins, fine airborne particles and the pesticide malathion, increased biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in Friend virus B (FVB) female mice. Mice inhaling particles 24 h before had increased lung lavage and plasma Leukotriene B4 (LTB₄) (a biomarker of inflammation) and PGF_2α (a biomarker of oxidative stress) levels, lung lavage protein and lung lavage lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. These changes were a function of particle density and exposure time. Compared to particle inhalation, mice inhaling malathion 24 h before had small increase in plasma LTB₄ and PGF_2α levels but no increase in lung lavage LTB₄, lung lavage protein, lung lavage LDH, and lung lavage alveolar macrophage (AM) levels compared to unexposed control mice. AM from particle-exposed mice contained phagocytosed particles, while AM from malathion-exposed mice showed no abnormalities. Our results indicate that inhaling particles or malathion can alter inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers in mice and raise the possibility that these toxins may have altered inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers in Gulf War-exposed individuals.     

工业盐酸中硫酸根分析方法的改进和研究

为了能够快速准确地分析工业盐酸中硫酸根的含量,现行国标方法对操作人员技术要求比较高,因而较难操作。通过使用离子色谱法和等离子光谱法对样品进行一系列的数据分析和比对,选择适合的方法,从而改进了硫酸根的分析方法。     

A rapid method for screening of the Stockholm Convention POPs in small amounts of human plasma using SPE and HRGC/HRMS

A rapid analytical screening method allowing simultaneous analysis of 23 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in human plasma was developed. Sample preparation based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) with additional clean-up using small multilayer silica gel columns. SPE was performed using a custom made polystyrene-divinylbenzene sorbent for the extraction of chlorinated and brominated POPs. Special efforts to reduce sample volume and improve speed and efficiency of the analytical procedure were made. Determination of 16 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 5 organochlorine (OC) pesticides, octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (BDE #47) in 0.5 mL human plasma was performed by using high resolution gas chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Recovery of POPs ranged between 46% and 110%, and reproducibility was below 25% relative standard deviation (RSD) for all target compounds, except for trans-nonachlor and OCDD, which were present only at low levels. Limits of detection (LOD) were for the PCBs between 0.8 and 117.7 pg mL⁻¹ plasma and for the OC pesticides between 5.9 and 89.1 pg mL⁻¹ plasma. The LOD for OCDD and BDE #47 were 1.4 pg mL⁻¹ plasma, and 9.2 pg mL⁻¹ plasma, respectively. The presented method was successfully applied to 1016 human plasma samples from an epidemiological study on cardiovascular disease.     

ICP—OES法在测定降水中金属离子的研究

本文主要研究了应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP—OES法）同时测定降水中钾、钠、钙、镁金属离子的应用。通过多次测试待测标准物质,确定各待测元素的最佳分析谱线和仪器的工作参数。根据ICP-OES法测定模拟降水混合标准样品、降水样品及其加标样品的结果,与AAS法（原子吸收分光光度法）进行实验室间比对测定,得出ICP—OES法测定降水中钾、钠、钙、镁各离子的检出限、线性范围、标准偏差、准确度等均比AAS法得到的结果要好。ICP-OES法与国家标准方法——原子吸收分光光度法（GB13580．12—92,GB13580．13—92）相比,具有操作简单、多种元素同时测定、方便快捷、检出限低、线性范围宽、干扰少等优点;有良好的准确度和精密度,相对标准偏差在0．3％～1．5％之间,加标回收率在97％～105％之间;该方法明显优于国家标准方法。     

低温等离子体协同催化降解VOCs的研究进展

低温等离子体协同催化降解VOCs技术因其具备操作条件简单、去除效率高、CO2选择性好、能量利用率高及产生二次污染物量少等特点,近年来受到国内外研究者的普遍关注。文章在研究大量文献的基础上,概括和分析了低温等离子体协同催化降解VOCs的影响因素和作用机理,并对其在挥发性有机化合物治理中的发展进行了展望。